444
Views
23
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Cambrian (~510 Ma) ophiolites of the East Kunlun orogen, China: A case study from the Acite ophiolitic tectonic mélange

, , , , , , , & show all
Pages 2063-2083 | Received 07 Jun 2017, Accepted 12 Nov 2017, Published online: 26 Nov 2017

References

  • Aldanmaz, E., 2002, Mantle source characteristics of alkali basalts and basanites in an extensional intracontinental plate setting, western Anatolia, Turkey: Implications for multi-stage melting: International Geology Review, v. 44, p. 440–457. doi:10.2747/0020-6814.44.5.440
  • Aldanmaz, E., Yaliniz, M.K., Güctekin, A., and Göncüoğlu, M.C., 2008, Geochemical characteristics of mafic lavas from the NeoTethyan ophiolites in western Turkey: Implications for heterogeneous source contribution during variable stages of ocean crust generation: Geological Magazine, v. 145, no. 01, p. 37–54. doi:10.1017/S0016756807003986
  • Baker, J.A., Menzies, M.A., Thirlwall, M.F., and Macpherson, C.G., 1997, Petrogenesis of quaternary intraplate volcanism, Sana’a, Yemen: Implications for plume-lithosphere interaction and polybaric melt hybridization: Journal of Petrology, v. 38, p. 1359–1390. doi:10.1093/petroj/38.10.1359
  • Bian, Q.-T., Li, D.-H., Pospelov, I., Yin, L.-M., Li, H.-S., Zhao, D.-S., Chang, C.-F., Luo, X.-Q., Gao, S.-L., Astrakhantsev, O., and Chamov, N., 2004, Age, geochemistry and tectonic setting of Buqingshan ophiolites, North Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v. 23, p. 577–596. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2003.09.003
  • Bloomer, S.H., and Hawkins, J.W., 1987, Petrology and geochemistry of boninite series volcanic rocks from the Mariana Trench: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 97, no. 3, p. 361–377. doi:10.1007/BF00371999
  • Boynton, W.V., 1984, Geochemistry of the rare earth elements: meteorite studies, in Henderson, P., eds., Rare Earth Element Geochemistry: Elservier, Amsterdam, p. 63–114.
  • Cawood, P.A., Kröner, A., Collins, W.J., Kusky, T.M., Mooney, W.D., and Windley, B.F., 2009, Accretionary orogens through Earth history, in Cawood, P.A., and Kröner, A., eds., Earth accretionary systems in space and time: Geological Society of London Special Publication 318, p. 1–36.
  • Chen, Y.X., Pei, X.Z., Li, Z.C., Li, R.B., Li, Z.C., and Pei, L., 2013, Zircon U-Pb age, geochemical characteristics and tectonic significance of metavolcanic rocks from Naij Tal Group, eastern section of East Kunlun: Earth Science Frontiers, v. 20, no. 6, p. 240–254. [in Chinese with English abstract.]
  • Cloos, M., 1993, Lithospheric buoyancy and collisional orogenesis: Subduction of oceanic plateaus, continental margins, island arcs, spreading ridges, and seamounts: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 105, p. 715–737. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1993)105<0715:LBACOS>2.3.CO;2
  • Coleman, R.G., 1977, Ophiolites—ancient oceanic lithosphere? minerals and rocks, 12: Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 229 p.
  • Crawford, A.J., Falloon, T.J., and Green, D.H., 1989, Classification, petrogenesis and tectonic setting of boninites, in Crawford, A.J., ed., Boninites and related rocks: London, Unwin Hyman, p. 1–49.
  • Dewey, J.F., and Bird, J., 1971, Origin and emplacement of the ophiolite suite: Appalachian ophiolites in Newfoundland: Journal of geophysical research, v. 76, 14,  p. 3179–3206.
  • Dilek, Y., 2003, Ophiolite concept and its evolution, in Dilek, Y., and Newcomb, S., eds., Ophiolite concept and the evolution of geological thought: Geological Society of America Special Paper 373: p. 1–16.
  • Dilek, Y., and Flower, M.F.J., 2003, Arc–Trench rollback and forearc accretion: 2. A model template for ophiolites in Albania, Cyprus, and Oman, in Dilek, Y., and Robinson, P.T., eds., Geological Society of London Special Publication, Ophiolites in earth history: p. 43–68.
  • Dilek, Y., and Furnes, H., 2009, Structure and geochemistry of Tethyan ophiolites and their petrogenesis in subduction rollback systems: Lithos, v. 113, p. 1–20. doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2009.04.022
  • Dilek, Y., and Furnes, H., 2011, Ophiolite genesis and global tectonics: Geochemical and tectonic fingerprinting of ancient oceanic lithosphere: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 123, p. 387–411. doi:10.1130/B30446.1
  • Dilek, Y., and Furnes, H., 2014, Ophiolites and their origins: Elements, v. 10, p. 93–100. doi:10.2113/gselements.10.2.93
  • Dilek, Y., Furnes, H., and Shallo, M., 2007, Suprasubduction zone ophiolite formation along the periphery of Mesozoic Gondwana: Gondwana Research, v. 11, p. 453–475. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2007.01.005
  • Dilek, Y., Furnes, H., and Shallo, M., 2008, Geochemistry of the Jurassic Mirdita Ophiolite (Albania) and the MORB to SSZ evolution of a marginal basin oceanic crust: Lithos, v. 100, p. 174–209. doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2007.06.026
  • Dilek, Y., Shallo, M., and Furnes, H., 2005, Rift-drift, seafloor spreading, and subduction tectonics of Albanian ophiolites: International Geology Review, v. 47, p. 147–176. doi:10.2747/0020-6814.47.2.147
  • Dilek, Y., and Thy, P., 2009, Island arc tholeiite to boninitic melt evolution of the Cretaceous Kizildag (Turkey) ophiolite: Model for multi-stage early arc-forearc magmatism in Tethyan subduction factories: Lithos, v. 113, p. 68–87. doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2009.05.044
  • Dilek, Y., Thy, P., Hacker, B., and Grundvig, S., 1999, Structure and petrology of Tauride ophiolites and mafic dike intrusions (Turkey): Implications for the Neo-Tethyan ocean: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 111, p. 1192–1216. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111<1192:SAPOTO>2.3.CO;2
  • Dong, Y., Zhang, G., Hauzenberger, C., Neubauer, F., Yang, Z., and Liu, X., 2011a, Palaeozoic tectonics and evolutionary history of the Qinling orogen: Evidence from geochemistry and geochronology of ophiolite and related volcanic rocks: Lithos, v. 122, no. 1–2, p. 39–56. doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2010.11.011
  • Dong, Y.P., and Santosh, M., 2016a, Tectonic architecture and multiple orogeny of the Qinling Orogenic belt, Central China: Gondwana Research, v. 29, p. 1–40. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2015.06.009
  • Dong, Y.P., Yang, Z., Liu, X.M., Sun, S.S., Li, W., Cheng, B., Zhang, F.F., Zhang, X.N., He, D.F., and Zhang, G.W., 2016b, Mesozoic intracontinental orogeny in the Qinling Mountains, central China: Gondwana Research, v. 30, p. 144–158. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2015.05.004
  • Dong, Y.P., Zhang, G.W., Neubauer, F., Liu, X.M., Genser, J., and Hauzenberger, C., 2011b, Tectonic evolution of the Qinling orogen, China: Review and synthesis: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v. 41, p. 213–237. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2011.03.002
  • Dong, Y.P., Zhang, G.W., Zhao, X., Yao, A.P., and Liu, X.M., 2004, Geochemistry of the subduction-related magmatic rocks in the Dahong Mountains, northern Hubei Province. Constraint on the existence and subduction of the eastern Mianlue oceanic basin: Science in China (Series D), v. 47, p. 366–377. doi:10.1360/02YD0486
  • El-Rahman, Y.A., Polat, A., Dilek, Y., Fryer, B., El-Sharkawy, M., and Sakran, S., 2009, Geochemistry and tectonic evolution of the Neoproterozoic Wadi Ghadir ophiolite, Eastern Desert, Egypt: Lithos, v. 113, p. 158–178. doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2008.12.014
  • Falloon, T.J., Meffre, S., Crawford, A.J., Hoernle, K., Hauff, F., Bloomer, S.H., and Wright, D.J., 2014, Cretaceous forearc basalts from the Tonga arc: Geochemistry and implications for the tectonic history of the SW Pacific: Tectonophysics, v. 630, p. 21–32. doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2014.05.007
  • Feng, H.B., Meng, F.C., Li, S.R., and Jia, L.H., 2015, Characteristics and tectonic significance of chromites form Qingshuiquan serpentinite of East Kunlun, Northwest China: Acta Petrologica Sinica, v. 31, no. 8, p. 2129–2144.
  • Fonseca, R.O.C., Kirchenbaur, M., Ballhaus, C., Münker, C., Zirner, A., Gerdes, A., Heuser, A., Botcharnikov, R., and Lenting, C., 2016, Fingerprinting fluid sources in Troodos ophiolite complex orbicular glasses using high spatial resolution isotope and trace element geochemistry: Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2016.12.012
  • Furnes, H., and Dilek, Y., 2017, Geochemical characterization and petrogenesis of intermediate to silicic rocks in ophiolites: A global synthesis: Earth Science Reviews, v. 166, p. 1–37. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.01.001
  • Godard, M., Bosch, D., and Einaudi, F., 2006, A MORB source for low-Ti magmatism in the Semail ophiolite: Chemical Geology, v. 234, p. 58–78. doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.04.005
  • Hao, N.N., Yuan, W.M., Zhang, A.K., and Cao, J.H., 2014, Late Silurian to Early Devonian Granitoids in the Qimantage Area, East Kunlun Mountains: LA-ICP-MS-zircon U-Pb ages, geochemical features and geological setting: Geological Review, v. 60, no. 1, p. 210–216. [in Chinese with English abstract.]
  • Hartmann, L.A., and Santos, J.O.S., 2004, Predominance of high Th/U, magmatic zircon in Brazilian Shield sandstones: Geology, v. 32, no. 1, p. 73–76. doi:10.1130/G20007.1
  • He, D.F., Dong, Y.P., Liu, X.M., Yang, Z., Sun, S.S., Cheng, B., and Li, W., 2016, Tectono-thermal events in East Kunlun, Northern Tibetan Plateau: Evidence from zircon U-Pb geochronology: Gondwana Research, v. 30, p. 179–190. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2015.08.002
  • Ishikawa, T., Fujisawa, S., Nagaishi, K., and Masuda, T., 2005, Trace element characteristics of the fluid liberated from amphibolite-facies slab: Inference from the metamorphic sole beneath the Oman ophiolite and implication for boninite genesis: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 240, p. 355–377. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2005.09.049
  • Ishizuka, O., et al. 2006, Early stages in the evolution of Izu‐Bonin Arc volcanism: New age, chemical, and isotopic constraints, Earth Planet: Sciences Letters, v. 250, p. 385–401.
  • Ishizuka, O., Tani, K., and Reagan, M.K., 2014, Izu-Bonin-Mariana Forearc Crust as a Modern Ophiolite Analogue: Elements, v. 10, p. 115–120. doi:10.2113/gselements.10.2.115
  • Jiang, C.F., Yang, J.S., Feng, B.G., Zhu, Z.Z., Zhao, M., and Chai, Y.C., 1992, Opening-closing tectonic of Kunlun Mountains: Beijing, Geological Publishing House, p. 1–224, [in Chinese.]
  • König, S., Münker, C., Schuth, S., and Garbe-Schönberg, D., 2008, Mobility of tungsten in subduction zones: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 274, p. 82–92. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2008.07.002
  • Lagabrielle, Y., Guivel, C., Maury, R., Bourgois, J., Fourcade, S., and Martin, H., 2000, Magmatic-tectonic effects of high thermal regime at the site of active ridge subduction: The Chile triple junction model: Tectonophysics, v. 326, p. 255–268. doi:10.1016/S0040-1951(00)00124-4
  • Li, R.B., Pei, X.Z., Li, Z.C., Liu, Z.Q., Chen, G.C., Chen, Y.X., Wei, F.H., Gao, J.M., Liu, C.J., and Pei, L., 2012, Geological characteristics of Late Paleozoic-Mesozoic unconformities and their response to some significant tectonic events in eastern part of Eastern Kunlun: Earth Science Frontiers, v. 19, p. 244–254. [in Chinese with English Abstract.]
  • Li, R.B., Pei, X.Z., Li, Z.C., Sun, Y., Feng, J.Y., Pei, L., Chen, G.C., Liu, C.L., and Chen, Y.X., 2013a, Geochemical features, age, and tectonic significance of the kekekete mafic-ultramafic rocks, East Kunlun Orogen, China: Acta Geologica Sinica, v. 87, no. 5, p. 1319–1333. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.12131
  • Li, R.B., Pei, X.Z., Li, Z.C., Sun, Y., Pei, L., Chen, G.C., Chen, Y.X., Liu, C.J., and Wei, F.H., 2013b, Regional Tectonic Transformation in East Kunlun Orogenic Belt in Early Paleozoic: Constraints from the Geochronology and Geochemistry of Helegangnaren Alkali-feldspar Granite: Acta Geologica Sinica, v. 87, no. 2, p. 333–345. doi:10.1111/1755-6724.12054
  • Li, R.B., Pei, X.Z., Wei, B., Li, Z.C., and Pei, L., 2017a, Late Cambrian arc-nascent back-arc system of continental margin in Qushiang zone, East Kunlun Orogen of Northern Tibet Plateau: Insights from Zircon U-Pb-Hf isotopes and geochemistry of meta-mafic rocks: Acta Geologica Sinica. (under review).
  • Li, R.B., Pei, X.Z., Yang, S.H., Wei, L.Y., Li, Z.C., Yang, G.X., and Xu, D.X., 2016a, Mid-neoproterozoic tadong amphibolites at the junction of the East Kunlun and Western Qinling Orogens-a record of continental rifting during the breakup of Rodinia: International Geology Review, v. 58, no. 4, p. 455–470. doi:10.1080/00206814.2015.1089423
  • Li, S.Z., Zhao, S.J., Li, X.Y., Cao, H.H., Guo, X.Y., Xiao, W.J., Lai, S.C., Yan, Z., Li, Z.H., Yu, S.Y., and Lan, H.Y., 2016b, Proto-Tethys Ocean in East Asia (I): Northern and southern border faults and subduction polarity: Acta Petrologica Sinica, v. 32, no. 9, p. 2609–2627. [in Chinese with English abstract.]
  • Li, S.Z., Zhao, S.J., Liu, X., Cao, H.H., Yu, S., Li, X.Y., Somerville, I., Yu, S.Y., and Suo, Y.H., 2017b, Closure of the Proto-Tethys Ocean and Early Paleozoic amalgamation of microcontinental blocks in East Asia: Earth-Science Reviews. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.01.011
  • Li, Z.C., Pei, X.Z., Li, R.B., Pei, L., Liu, C.J., Chen, Y.X., Liu, Z.Q., Chen, G.C., Xu, T., Yang, J., and Wei, B., 2014, Geochronology, geochemistry and tectonic setting of the Bairiqiete granodiorite intrusion (rock mass) from the Buqingshan tectonic mélange belt in the southern margin of East Kunlun: Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition, v. 88, p. 584–597. doi:10.1111/acgs.2014.88.issue-2
  • Li, Z.C., Pei, X.Z., Li, R.B., Pei, L., Liu, C.J., Chen, Y.X., Zhang, Y.M., Wang, M., and Xu, T., 2016c, Early Ordovician island-arc-type Manite granodiorite pluton from the Buqingshan Tectonic Mélange Belt in the southern margin of the East Kunlun Orogen: Constraints on subduction of the Proto-Tethyan Ocean: Geological Journal. doi:10.1002/gj.2785
  • Liu, B., Ma, C.Q., Jiang, H.A., Guo, P., Zhang, J.Y., and Xiong, F.H., 2013, Early Paleozoic tectonic transition from ocean subduction to collisional orogeny in the Eastern Kunlun region: Evidence from Huaxiaoqin mafic rocks: Acta Petrologica Sinica, v. 29, no. 6, p. 2093-2106(in. [ Chinese with English abstract.]
  • Liu, W.B., Qian, Q., Yue, G.L., Li, Q.S., Zhang, Q., and Zhou, M.F., 2002, The geochemical characteristics of forearc ophiolite from Dingqing area, Tibet: Acta Petrologica Sinica, v. 18, no. 3, p. 392–400.
  • Liu, Z.Q., Pei, X.Z., Li, R.B., Li, Z.C., Zhang, X.F., Liu, Z.G., Chen, G.C., Chen, Y.X., Ding, S.P., and Guo, J.F., 2011, LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb geochronology of the Two Suites of Ophiolites at the Buqingshan Area of the A’nyemaqen Orogenic Belt in the Southern Margin of East Kunlun and its tectonic implication: Acta Geologica Sinica, v. 85, p. 185–194. [in Chinese with English abstract.]
  • Long, X.P., Wang, L.S., and Yu, N., 2004, Geochemical characteristics of the Qingshuiquan mafic-ultramafic rocks, East Kunlun: Geological Bulletin of China, v. 23, no. 70, p. 664–669. [in Chinese with English abstract.]
  • Lu, L., Wu, Z.H., Hu, D.G., Barosh, P.J., Hao, S., and Zhou, C.J., 2010, Zircon U-Pb age for rhyolite of the Maoniushan formation and its tectonic significance in the East Kunlun Mountains: Acta Petrol. Sin., v. 26, no. 4, p. 1150–1158.
  • Ludwig, K.R., 2003, Isoplot/Ex version 2. 49. A geochronological toolkit for microsoft excel: Berkeley, Berkeley Geochronology Center Special Publication No. 1a, p. 1–56.
  • Mattern, F., and Schneider, W., 2000, Suturing of the Proto- and Paleo-Tethys oceans in the western Kunlun (Xinjiang, China): Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v. 18, p. 637–650. doi:10.1016/S1367-9120(00)00011-0
  • McCulloch, M.T., Gregory, R.T., Wasserburg, G.J., and Taylor, H.P., 1981, Sm-Nd, Rb-Sr, and 18 O/16 O isotopic systematics in an oceanic crustal section: Evidence from the Samail Ophiolite: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, v. 86, p. 2721–2735. doi:10.1029/JB086iB04p02721
  • Meng, F.C., Cui, M.F., Jia, L.H., Ren, Y.F., and Feng, H.B., 2015, Paleozoic continental collision of the East Kunlun orogen: Evidence from protoliths of the eclogites: Acta Petrologica Sinica, v. 31, no. 12, p. 3581–3594.
  • Meng, F.C., Cui, M.H., Wu, X.K., and Ren, Y.F., 2013c, Heishan mafic–Ultramafic rocks in the Qimantag area of Eastern Kunlun, NW China: Remnants of an early Paleozoic incipient island arc: Gondwana Research. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2013.09.023
  • Meng, F.C., Cui, M.H., Wu, X.K., Wu, J.F., and Wang, J.H., 2013b, Magmatic and metamorphic events recorded in granitic gneisses from the Qimantag, East Kunlun Mountains, Northwest China: Acta Petrol. Sinica, v. 29, no. 6, p. 2107–2122. [ (in Chinese with English abstract).]
  • Meng, F.C., Zhang, J.X., and Cui, M.H., 2013a, Discovery of Early Paleozoic eclogite from the East Kunlun, Western China and its tectonic significance: Gondwana Research, v. 23, p. 825–836. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2012.06.007
  • Nicolas, A., 1989, Structures of ophiolites and dynamics of oceanic lithosphere: Kluwer Academic Publishers, Berlin, p. 367.
  • Ohara, Y., et al. 2008, Studies of the Southern Izu-Bonin-Mariana (IBM) fore-arc using Shinkai 6500: Watery glimpses of an in situ fore‐arc ophiolite, Eos Trans: AGU, v. 89, no. (53),Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract, p. V33A‐2194.
  • Pan, Y.S., Zhou, W.M., Xu, R.H., Wang, D.A., Zhang, Y.Q., Xie, Y.W., Chen, T.E., and Luo, H., 1996, Geological characteristics and evolution of Kunlun mountains in the Early Paleozoic Science in China(Series D), v. 26 no. 4, p. 302–307. [in Chinese.]
  • Pearce, J.A., 2003, Supra-subduction zone ophiolites: The search for modern analogues: Special Papers-Geological Society of America, p. 269–294.
  • Pearce, J.A., 2008, Geochemical fingerprinting of oceanic basalts with applications to ophiolite classification and the search for Archean oceanic crust: Lithos, v. 100, p. 14–48. doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2007.06.016
  • Pearce, J.A., Lippard, S.J., and Roberts, S., 1984b, Characteristics and tectonic significance of supra-subduction zone ophiolites: London, Geological Society. p. 77–94. Special Publications, 16.
  • Pei, L., Li, R.B., Pei, X.Z., and Li, Z.C., 2017, Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and geochemical feature of the Qushi’ang complex in the Central Eastern KunLun: Geological Review (in print). [in Chinese with English abstract.]
  • Pei, X.Z., Li, R.B., Li, Z.C., and Liu, Z.Q., 2015, Seven Regional Geological Survey Report of Alake Lake-Hongshuichuan Area in Dulan County, Qinghai Province(1:50000 scale). Geological Survey Institute of Chang’an University, Xi’an.
  • Reagan, M.K., Pearce, J.A., Petronotis, K., Renat, R., Almeev, A.J., Avery, C., Timothy Chapman, C., Christeson, G.L., Ferré, E.C., Godard, M., Heaton, D.E., Kirchenbaur, M., Kurz, W., Kutterolf, S., Hongyan, L., Yibing, L., Michibayashi, K., Sally Morgan, W.R., Nelson, J.P., Python, M., Alastair, H.F., Robertson, J.G., Ryan, W.W., Sager, T.S., Shervais, J.W., Shimizu, K., and Whattam, S.A., 2017, Subduction initiation and ophiolite crust: New insights from IODP drilling: International Geology Review. doi:10.1080/00206814.2016.1276482
  • Reagan, M.K., Ishizuka, O., Stern, R.J., Kelley, K.A., Ohara, Y., Blichert-Toft, J., Bloomer, S.H., Cash, J., Fryer, P., Hanan, B.B., Hickey-Vargas, R., Ishii, T., Kimura, J.-I., Peate, D.W., Rowe, M.C., and Woods, M., 2010, Forearc basalts and subduction initiation in the Izu‐Bonin‐Mariana system, Geochem: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 11, p. Q03X12, doi:10.1029/2009GC002871
  • Reagan, M.K., McClelland, W.C., Girard, G., Goff, K.R., Peate, D.W., Ohara, Y., and Stern, R.J., 2013, The geology of the southern Mariana fore-arc crust: Implications for the scale of Eocene volcanism in the western Pacific: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 380, p. 41–51. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2013.08.013
  • Reagan, M.K., Pearce, J.A., Petronotis, K., and Scientists, E., 2015, Izu-Bonin-Mariana Fore Arc: Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, 352. International Ocean Discovery Program. doi:10.14379/iodp.proc.352.2015.
  • Robertson, A.H.F., 2000, Tectonic evolution of Cyprus in its easternmost Mediterranean setting, in Panayides, I., Xenophontos, C., and Malpas, J., eds., Proceedings Third International Conference on the Geology of the Eastern Mediterranean: Nicosia, Cyprus, The Geological Survey Department, Cyprus Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, p. 11–44.
  • Robertson, A.H.F., 2002, Overview of the genesis and emplacement of Mesozoic ophiolites in the Eastern Mediterranean Tethyan region: Lithos, v. 65, p. 1–67. doi:10.1016/S0024-4937(02)00160-3
  • Sang, J.Z., Pei, X.Z., Li, R.B., Liu, C.J., Chen, Y.X., Li, Z.C., Chen, G.C., Yang, S., Wang, X.B., Chen, G., and Deng, W.B., 2016, LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating and geochemical characteristics of gabbro in Qingshuiquan, east section of East Kunlun, and its tectonic significance: Geological Bulletin of China, v. 35, no. 5, p. 700–710. [in Chinese with English abstract.]
  • Shervais, J.W., 2001, Birth, death, and resurrection: The life cycle of suprasubduction zone ophiolites: Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystem, v. 2. Paper number 2000GC000080. doi:10.1029/2000GC000080
  • Shervais, J.W., Kimbrough, D.L., Renne, P., Hanan, B.B., Murchey, B., Snow, C.A., Zoglman Schuman, M.M., and Beaman, J., 2004, Multi-stage Origin of the Coast Range Ophiolite, California: Implications for the life cycle of Supra-Subduction Zone Ophiolites: International Geology Review, v. 46, p. 289–315. doi:10.2747/0020-6814.46.4.289
  • Song, S.G., Niu, Y.L., Su, L., and Xia, X.H., 2013, Tectonics of the North Qilian orogen, NW China: Gondwana Research, v. 23, no. 4, p. 1378–1401. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2012.02.004
  • Stern, R.J., and Bloomer, S.H., 1992, Subduction zone infancy: Examples from the Eocene Izu-Bonin-Mariana and Jurassic California arcs: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 104, p. 1621–1636. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1992)104<1621:SZIEFT>2.3.CO;2
  • Stern, R.J., Lin, P.-N., Morris, J.D., Jackson, M.C., Fryer, P., Bloomer, S.H., and Ito, E., 1990, Enriched back-arc basin basalts from the northern Mariana Trough: Implications for the magmatic evolution of back-arc basins: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 100, p. 210–225. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(90)90186-2
  • Sun, -S.-S., and McDonough, W.F., 1989, Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: Implications for mantle composition and processed. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, v. 42, no. 1, p. 313–345. doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.19
  • Taylor, R.N., Nesbitt, R.W., Vidal, P., Harmon, R.S., Auvray, B., and Croudace, I.W., 1994, Mineralogy, chemistry, and genesis of the Boninite Series Volcanics, Chichijima, Bonin Islands, Japan: Journal of Petrology, v. 35, p. 577–617. doi:10.1093/petrology/35.3.577
  • Vavra, G., Gebauer, D., Schmid, R., and Compston, W., 1996, Multiple zircon growth and re-crystallization during polyphase Late Carboniferous to Triassic metamorphism in granulites of the Ivrea Zone(Southern Alps): An ion microprobe (SHRIMP) study: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 122, p. 337–358. doi:10.1007/s004100050132
  • Vavra, G., Schmid, R., and Gebauer, D., 1999, Internal morphology, habit and U-Th-Pb microanalysis of amphibolite-to-granulite facies zircons: Geochronology of the Ivrea Zone (Southern Alps): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 134, p. 380–404. doi:10.1007/s004100050492
  • Wang, G.C., Wang, Q.H., Jian, P., and Zhu, Y.H., 2004, Zircon SHRIMP ages of Precambrian metamorphic basement rocks and their tectonic significance in the eastern Kunlun Mountains, Qinghai Province, China: Earth Sciences Frontiers, v. 11, no. 4, p. 481–490. [in Chinese with English abstract.]
  • Wang, G.C., Wei, Q.R., Jia, C.X., Zhang, K.X., Li, D.W., Zhu, Y.H., and Xiang, S.Y., 2007, Some ideas of Precambrian geology in the East Kunlun, China: Geological Bulletin China, v. 26, no. 8, p. 929–937. [in Chinese with English abstract.]
  • Wang, G.C., Zhang, T.P., Liang, B., Chen, N.S., Zhu, Y.H., Zhu, J., and Bai, Y.S., 1999, Composite ophiolitic mélange zone in central part of Eastern section of Eastern Kunlun orogenic zone and geological significance of “fault belt in central part of Eastern section of Eastern Kunlun orogenic zone”: Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences, v. 24, p. 129–133. [in Chinese with English abstract.]
  • Whattam, S.A., and Stern, R.J., 2011, The subduction initiation rule: A key for linking ophiolites, intra-oceanic forearcs, and subduction initiation: Contributions toMineralogy and Petrology, v. 162, p. 1031–1045. doi:10.1007/s00410-011-0638-z
  • Xia, X.H., Song, S.G., and Niu, Y.L., 2012, Tholeiite–Boninite terrane in the North Qilian suture zone: Implications for subduction initiation and back-arc basin development: Chemical Geology, v. 328, p. 259–277. doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.12.001
  • Xiao, W.J., Han, F.L., Windly, B.F., Yuan, C., Zhou, H., and Li, J.L., 2003, Multiple Accretionary Orogenesis and Episodic Growth of Continents: Insights from the Western Kunlun Range, Central Asia: International Geology Review, v. 45, no. 4, p. 303–328. doi:10.2747/0020-6814.45.4.303
  • Xiao, W.J., Windley, B.F., Yong, Y., Yan, Z., Yuan, C., Liu, C.Z., and Li, J.L., 2009, Early Paleozoic to Devonian multiple-accretionary model for the Qilian Shan, NW China: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v. 35, p. 323–333. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2008.10.001
  • Xiong, F.H., Ma, C.Q., Jiang, H.A., Liu, B., and Huang, J., 2014, Geochronology and geochemistry of Middle Devonian mafic dykes in the East Kunlun orogenic belt, Northern Tibet Plateau: Implications for the transition from Prototethys to Paleotethys orogeny: Chemie Der Erde-Geochemistry, v. 74, p. 225–235. doi:10.1016/j.chemer.2013.07.004
  • Xu, Z.Q., Yang, J.S., Li, H.B., and Yao, J.X., 2006, The early Palaeozoic terrene framework and the formation of the High-Pressure (HP) and Ultra-High Pressure (UHP) metamorphic belts at the Central Orogenic Belt (COB): Acta Geologica Sinica, v. 80, p. 1793–1806. [in Chinese with English abstract.]
  • Xu, Z.Q., Yang, J.S., Li, W.C., Zeng, L.S., and Xu, C.P., 2012, Tectonic backgroud of important metallogenic belts in the Southern and Southeastern Tibetan Plateau and ore prospecting: Acta Geologica Sinica, v. 86, no. 12, p. 1857–1868. [in Chinese with English abstract.]
  • Yang, J.-S., Robinson, P.T., Jiang, C.-F., and Xu, Z.-Q., 1996, Ophiolites of the Kunlun Mountains, China and their tectonic implications: Tectonophysics, v. 258, p. 215–231. doi:10.1016/0040-1951(95)00199-9
  • Yang, J.S., Wu, C.L., Zhang, J.X., Shi, R.D., Meng, F.C., Wooden, J., and Yang, H.-Y., 2006, Protolith of eclogites in the north Qaidam and Altun UHP terrane, NW China: Earlier oceanic crust?: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v. 28, p. 185–204. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2005.09.020
  • Yu, N., Jin, W., Ge, W.C., and Long, X.P., 2005, Geochemical study on peraluminous granite from Jinshuikou in East Kunlun: Global Geol, v. 24, p. 123–128. [in Chinese with English abstract.]
  • Yuan, C., Sun, M., Zhou, M.-F., Zhou, H., Xiao, W.-J., and Li, J.-L., 2002, Tectonic Evolution of the West Kunlun: Geochronologic and Geochemical Constraints from Kudi Granitoids: International Geology Review, v. 44, p. 653–669. doi:10.2747/0020-6814.44.7.653
  • Zhang, G.W., Zhang, B.R., Yuan, X.C., and Xiao, Q.H., 2001, Qinling orogenic belt and continental dynamics: Beijing, Science Press, p. 1–855.
  • Zhang, J.X., Yu, S.Y., Li, Y.S., Yu, X.X., Lin, Y.H., and Mao, X.H., 2015, Subduction, accretion and closure of Proto-Tethyan Ocean: Early Paleozoic accretion/collision orogeny in the Altun-Qilian Qaidam orogenic system: Acta Petrologica Sinica, v. 31, no. 12, p. 3531–3554.
  • Zhang, Q., 1990, A preliminary study on the geochemistry and origin of boninites and boni-basalts: Geochimica, v. 3, p. 207–215.
  • Zhang, Q., and Zhou, G.Q., 2001, Ophiolites of China: Beijing, Science Press, p. 1–182. [in Chinese.]
  • Zhao, S.J., Li, S.Z., Liu, X., Santosh, M., Somervillec, I.D., Cao, H.H., Yu, S., Zhang, Z., and Guo, L.L., 2015, The northern boundary of the Proto-Tethys Ocean: Constraints from structural analysis and U-Pb zircon geochronology of the North Qinling Terrane: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v. 113, p. 560–574. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2015.09.005
  • Zhou, B., Dong, Y.P., Zhang, F.F., Yang, Z., Sun, S.S., and He, D.F., 2016, Geochemistry and zircon U-Pb geochronology of granitoids in the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt, northern Tibetan Plateau: Origin and tectonic implications: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v. 130, p. 265–281. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2016.08.011
  • Zhu, Y.H., Lin, Q.X., Jia, C.X., and Wang, G.C., 2006, SHRIMP zircon U-Pb age and significance of Early Paleozoic volcanic rocks in East Kunlun orogenic belt, Qinghai Province, China: Science in China Series D, v. 49, p. 88–96. doi:10.1007/s11430-004-5317-8
  • Zhu, Y.H., Zhang, K.X., Yuan, P., Chen, N.S., Wang, G.C., and Hou, G.J., 1999, Determination of different ophiolitic belts in eastern Kunlun orogenic zone and their tectonic significance: Journal of China University of Geosciences, v. 24, p. 134–138. [in Chinese with English abstract.]

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.