Large Holocene paleoseismic events and synchronized travertine formation: a case study of the Kurai fault zone (Gorny Altai, Russia)

References

• Adija, M., Ankhtsetseg, D., Baasanbat, T., Bayar, G., Bayarsaikhan, C., Erdenezul, D., Mungunsuren, D., Munkhsaikhan, A., Munkhuu, D., Narantsetseg, R., Odonbaatar, C., Selenge, L., Tsembel, B., Ulziibat, M., and Urtnasan, K.H., 2003, One century of seismicity in Mongolia (1900-2000) (Ulaanbaatar: RCAG-DASE),1 sheet.
   Google Scholar
• Altunel, E., and Hancock, P.L., 1993, Active fissuring, faulting and travertine deposition at Pamukkale, western Turkey Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie, Supplementband, v. 94, p. 285–302.
   Google Scholar
• Altunel, E., and Karabacak, V., 2005, Determination of horizontal extension from fissure-ridge travertines: A case study from the Denizli Basin, southwestern Turkey: Geodinamica Acta, v. 18. p. 333–342. 10.3166/ga.18.333-342
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ascione, A., Iannace, A., Imbriale, P., Santangelo, N., and Santo, A., 2014, Tufa and travertines of southern Italy: Deep-seated, fault-related CO2 as the key control in precipitation: Terra Nova, v. 26. p. 1–13. 10.1111/ter.12059
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bachmanov, D.M., Kozhurin, A.I., and Trifonov, V.G., 2017, The active faults of Eurasia database: Geodynamics & Tectonophysics, v. 84, p. 711–736. 10.5800/GT-2017-8-4-0314
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boch, R., Spötl, C., Reitner, J.M., and Kramers, J., 2005, A lateglacial travertine deposit in Eastern Tyrol (Austria): Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 98, p. 78–91.
   Google Scholar
• Brogi, A., and Capezzuoli, E., 2009, Travertine deposition and faulting: The fault-related travertine fissure-ridge at Terme S. Giovanni, Rapolano Terme (Italy): International Journal of Earth Sciences (Geol. Rundsch), v. 98. p. 931–947. 10.1007/s00531-007-0290-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brogi, A., and Capezzuoli, E., 2014, Earthquake impact on fissure-ridge type travertine deposition: Geological Magazine, v. 1516, p. 1135–1143. 10.1017/S0016756814000181
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brogi, A., Capezzuoli, E., Aqué, R., Branca, M., and Voltaggio, M., 2010, Studying travertines for neotectonics investigations: Middle–Late Pleistocene syn-tectonic travertine deposition at Serre di Rapolano (Northern Apennines, Italy): International Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 99, p. 1383–1398. 10.1007/s00531-009-0456-y6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brogi, A., Capezzuoli, E., Karabacak, V., Alcicek, M.C., and Luo, L., 2021, Fissure ridges: A reappraisal of faulting and travertine deposition (Travitonics): Geosciences, v. 11, p. 278. 10.3390/geosciences11070278
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brogi, A., Capezzuoli, E., Kele, S., Baykara, M.O., and Shen, C.C., 2017, Key travertine tectofacies for neotectonics and palaeoseismicity reconstruction: Effects of hydrothermal overpressured fluid injection: Journal of the Geological Society, v. 1744, p. 679. 10.1144/jgs2016-124
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brogi, A., Liotta, D., Capezzuoli, E., Matera, P.F., Kele, S., Soligo, M., Tuccimei, P., Ruggieri, G., Yu, T.L., Shen, C.C., and Huntington, K.W., 2020, Travertine deposits constraining transfer zone neotectonics in geothermal areas: An example from the inner Northern Apennines (Bagno Vignoni-Val d’Orcia area, Italy): Geothermics, v. 85, p. 101763. 10.1016/j.geothermics.2019.101763
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buslov, M.M., Geng, H., Travin, A.V., Otgonbaatar, D., Kulikova, A.V., Ming, C., Stijn, G., Semakov, N.N., Rubanova, E.S., Abildaeva, M.A., Voitishek, E.E., and Trofimova, D.A., 2013, Tectonics and geodynamics of Gorny Altai and adjacent structures of the Altai–Sayan folded area: Russian Geology and Geophysics, v. 54, p. 1250–1271. 10.1016/j.rgg.2013.09.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butvilovsky, V.V., 1993, Paleogeography of the latest glaciation and Holocene of Altai: An event–catastrophic, Model: Tomsk University, Tomsk, p. 253. in Russian
   Google Scholar
• Çakır, Z., 1999, Along-strike discontinuity of active normal faults and its influence on quaternary travertine deposition; examples from western Turkey: Turk. Journal of Earth Science, v. 8, p. 67–80.
   Google Scholar
• Capezzuoli, E., Gandin, A., and Pedley, M., 2013, Decoding tufa and travertine (fresh water carbonates) in the sedimentary record: The state of the art: Sedimentology, v. 611, p. 1–21. 10.1111/sed.12075
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, H., Edwards, R.L., Hoff, J., Gallup, C.D., Richards, D.A., and Asmerom, Y., 2000, The half-lives of uranium-234 and thorium-230: Chemical Geology, v. 169, p. 17–33. 10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00157-61–2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deev, E.V., 2019, Localization zones of ancient and historical earthquakes in Gorny Altai: Izvestiya: Physics of the Solid Earth, v. 553, p. 451–470. 10.1134/S1069351319030030
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deev, E.V., Dublyansky, Y.V., Pozdnyakova, N.I., Scholz, D., Kokh, S.N., Sokol, E.V., and Rusanov, G.G., 2021, 230Th/U dating of travertines related to paleoearthquakes in Gorny Altai: First results: Doklady Earth Sciences, v. 500, p. 820–825. 10.1134/S1028334X21100081
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deev, E.V., Nevedrova, N.N., Zol’nikov, I.D., Rusanov, G.G., and Ponomarev, P.V., 2012, Geoelectrical studies of the Chuya basin sedimentary fill (Gorny Altai)): Russian Geology and Geophysics, v. 53. p. 92–107. 10.1016/j.rgg.2011.12.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deev, E.V., Sokol, E.V., Ryapolova, Y., Kokh, M., and Rusanov, S.N., 2017a, Quaternary travertine of the Kurai fault zone (Gorny Altai): Doklady Earth Sciences, v. 4731, p. 261–265. 10.1134/S1028334X17030023
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deev, E.V., Turova, I.V., Borodovskiy, A.P., Zolnikov, I.D., and Oleszczak, L., 2017b, Unknown large ancient earthquakes along the kurai fault zone (Gorny Altai): New results of paleoseismological and archaeoseismological studies: International Geology Review, v. 59. p. 293–310. 10.1080/00206814.2016.1258675
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deev, E., Turova, I., Borodovskiy, A., Zolnikov, I., Pozdnyakova, N., and Molodkov, A., 2019, Large earthquakes in the Katun Fault Zone (Gorny Altai): Paleoseismological and archaeoseismological evidence: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 203, p. 68–89. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.11.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deev, E.V., Zolnikov, I.D., and Gus’kov, S.A., 2009, Seismites in Quaternary sediments of southeastern Altai: Russian Geology and Geophysics, v. 50, p. 546–561. 10.1016/j.rgg.2008.10.0046
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deev, E.V., Zolnikov, I.D., Kurbanov, R.N., Panin, A.V., Murray, A., Korzhenkov, A.M., Turova, I.V., Pozdnyakova, N.I., and Vasiliev, A.V., 2022, OSL dating of the Sukor earthquake-induced rockslide in Gorny Altai: Paleoseismological and paleogeographic implications: Russian Geology and Geophysics, v. 63, p. 743–754. 10.2113/RGG20204300.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Filippis, L., Anzalone, E., Billi, A., Faccenna, C., Poncia, P.P., and Sella, P., 2013, The origin and growth of a recently-active fissure ridge travertine over a seismic fault, Tivoli, Italy: Geomorphology, v. 195, p. 13–26. 10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.04.019
   Google Scholar
• Delvaux, D., Cloetingh, S., Beekman, F., Sokoutis, D., Burov, E., Buslov, M.M., and Abdrakhmatov, K.E., 2013, Basin evolution in a folding lithosphere: Altai–Sayan and Tien Shan belts in Central Asia: Tectonophysics, v. 602, p. 194–222. 10.1016/j.tecto.2013.01.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delvaux, D., Theunissen, K., Van Der Meer, R., and Berzin, N., 1995, Dynamics and paleostress of the Cenozoic Kurai-Chuya depression of Gorny Altai (South Siberia): Tectonic and climatic control: Russian Geology and Geophysics, v. 36, p. 26–45.
   Google Scholar
• Deviatkin, E.V., 1965, Cenozoic deposits and neotectonics in South-Eastern Altai, Moscow: Nauka, p. 244. in Russian
   Google Scholar
• Dorbath, C., Van Der Woerd, J., Arefiev, S.S., Rogozhin, E.A., and Aptekman, J.Y., 2008, Geological and seismological field observations in the epicentral region of the 27 September 2003 Mw 7.2 Gorny Altay earthquake (Russia): Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 98. p. 2849–2865. 10.1785/0120080166
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emanov, A.F., Emanov, A.A., Leskova, E.V., Kolesnikov, Y.I., Yankaitis, V.V., and Filina, A.G., 2012, The Ms = 7.0 Uureg Nuur earthquake of 15.05.1970 (Mongolian Altai): The aftershock process and current seismicity in the epicentral area: Russian Geology and Geophysics, v. 53, p. 1090–1099. 10.1016/j.rgg.2012.08.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erol, S.Ç., Özkul, M., Aksoy, E., Kele, S., and Ghaleb, B., 2015, Travertine occurrences along major strike-slip fault zones: Structural, depositional and geochemical constraints from the Eastern Anatolian Fault System (EAFS) Turkey: Geodinamica Acta, v. 27, p. 155–174
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fairchild, I.J., Baker, A. 2012 Speleothem science: from process to past environments (Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell)448
   Google Scholar
• Famin, V., Nakashima, S., Boullier, A.-M., Fujimoto, K., and Hirono, T., 2008, Earthquakes produce carbon dioxide in crustal faults: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 265. p. 487–497. 10.1016/j.epsl.2007.10.041
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fedak, S.I., Turkin, Y.A., Gusev, A.I., Shokalsky, S.P., Rusanov, G.G., Borisov, B.A., Belyaev, G.M., and Leontyeva, E.M., 2011, State geological map of the Russian Federation. Scale 1: 1 000 000, 3rd Series: Altai-Sayan. Sheet M-45 – Gorno-Altaisk, Explanatory note: VSEGEI, St.Petersburg, p. 567. in Russian
   Google Scholar
• Fischer, T., Matyska, C., and Heinicke, J., 2017, The Ms = 7.0 Uureg Nuur earthquake of 15.05.1970 (Mongolian Altai): The aftershock process and current seismicity in the epicentral area: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 460. p. 60–67. 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.12.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibert, L., Scott, G.R., Scholz, D., Budsky, A., Ferrandez, C., Martin, R.A., Ribot, F., and Leria, M., 2016, Chronology for the Cueva Victoria fossil site (SE Spain): Evidence for early Pleistocene Afro-Iberian dispersals: Journal of Human Evolution, v. 90, p. 183–197. 10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.08.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Girault, F., Adhikari, L.B., France-Lanord, C., Agrinier, P., Koirala, B., Bhattarai, M., Mahat, S., Groppo, C., Rolfo, F., Bollinger, L., and Perrier, F., 2018, Persistent CO2 emissions and hydrothermal unrest following the 2015 earthquake in Nepal: Nature Communications, v. 9. p. 2956. 1 10.1038/s41467-018-05138-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glorie, S., De Grave, J., Buslov, M.M., Zhimulev, F.I., Elburg, M.A., and Van Den Haute, P., 2012, Structural control on Meso-Cenozoic tectonic reactivation and denudation in the Siberian Altai: Insights from multi-method thermochronometry: Tectonophysics, v. 544-545, p. 75–92. 10.1016/j.tecto.2012.03.035.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gradziński, M., Wróblewski, W., Duliński, M., and Hercman, H., 2014, Earthquake-affected development of a travertine ridge: Sedimentology, v. 61. p. 238–263. 1 10.1111/sed.12086
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guerrieri, L., eds. 2015, Earthquake environmental effect for seismic hazard assessment: The ESI intensity scale and the EEE Catalogue, Mem. descr.lla carta geol. Italia, v. 97, p. 184. 10.13140/RG.2.1.3629.3202
   Google Scholar
• Hancock, P.L., Chalmers, R.M.L., Altunel, E., and Çakir, Z., 1999, Travitonics: Using travertine in active fault studies: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 21. p. 903–916. 10.1016/S0191-8141(99)00061-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heinicke, J., Braun, T., Burgassi, P., Italiano, F., and Martinelli, G., 2006, Gas flux anomalies in seismogenic zones in the Upper Tiber Valley, Central Italy: Geophysical Journal International, v. 167, p. 794–806. 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03134.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, B., and Renaut, R.W., 2010, Calcareous spring deposits in continental settings, Alonso-Zarza, A.M., and Tanner, L., eds. Chapter 4 in carbonates in continental settings: Facies, environments, and processes, first Elsevier, Amsterdam: p. 177–224
   Google Scholar
• Karabacak, V., Uysal, I.T., Mutlu, H., Ünal-İmer, E., Dirik, R.K., Feng, Y.-X., Akıska, S., Aydoğdu, İ., and Zhao, J.-X., 2019, Are U-Th dates correlated with historical records of earthquakes? Constraints from co-seismic carbonate veins within the North Anatolian Fault Zone: Tectonics, v. 38, p. 2431–2448. 10.1029/2018TC005450
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khilko, S.D., Kurushin, R.A., Kotchetkov, V.M., Misharina, L.A., Melnikova, V.I., Gileva, N.A., Lastochkin, S.V., Baljinnyam, I., and Monhoo, D., 1985, Earthquakes and the base for seismic zoning of Mongolia, Moscow: Nauka, p. 225. in Russian
   Google Scholar
• Kokh, S.N., Sokol, E.V., Deev, E.V., Ryapolova, Y., and Rusanov, M., 2018, Modern and paleotravertines from Gorny Altai: Indicative features: Doklady Earth Sciences, v. 483, p. 1399–1404. 10.1134/S1028334X18110107
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kokh, S.N., Sokol, E.V., Deev, E.V., Ryapolova, Y., Rusanov, M., Tomilenko, G.G., and Bul’bak, A.A., 2017, Post-late glacial calcareous tufas from the Kurai Fault Zone (Southeastern Gorny Altai, Russia): Sedimentary Geology, v. 355, p. 1–19. 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2017.04.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korzhenkov, A.M., Deev, E.V., and Pozdnyakova, N.I., 2022, Young landforms created by earthquakes in the foothills of the Kurai Range (Gorny Altai): Seismic Instruments , v. 58, p. 424–441. 10.3103/S0747923922040065.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leskova, E.V., and Emanov, A.A., 2013, Hierarchical properties of the tectonic stress field in the source region of the 2003 Chuya earthquake: Russian Geology and Geophysics, v. 54. p. 87–95. 10.1016/j.rgg.2012.12.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, T.Y., Baker, J.L., Wang, T., Zhang, J., Wu, Y., Li, H.C., Blyakharchuk, T., Yu, T.L., Shen, C.C., Cheng, H., Kong, X.G., Xie, W.L., Edwards, R.L. 2021, Early Holocene permafrost retreat in West Siberia amplified by reorganization of westerly wind systems: Commun. Earth Environ, v. 2, p. 199.10.1038/s43247-021-00238-z1
   Google Scholar
• Lunina, O.V., Gladkov, A.S., Novikov, I.S., Agatova, A.R., Vysotskii, E.M., and Emanov, A.A., 2008, Geometry of the fault zone of the 2003 Ms=7.5 Chuya earthquake and associated stress fields, Gorny Altai: Tectonophysics, v. 453, p. 276–294. 10.1016/j.tecto.2007.10.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martínez-Díaz, J.J., and Hernández-Enrile, J.L., 2001, Using travertine deformations to characterize paleoseismic activity along an active oblique-slip fault: The Alhama de Murcia fault (Betic Cordillera, Spain): Acta Geologica Hispanica, v. 36, p. 297–313
   Google Scholar
• Matera, P.F., Ventruti, G., Zucchi, M., Brogi, A., Capezzuoli, E., Liotta, D., Yu, T.L., Shen, C.C., Huntington, K.W., Rinyu, L., and Kele, S., 2021, Geothermal fluid variation recorded by banded ca-carbonate veins in a fault-related, fissure ridge-type travertine depositional system (Iano, southern Tuscany, Italy): Geofluids, v. 2021, p. 8817487. 10.1155/2021/8817487
   Google Scholar
• Mesci, B.L., Gürsoy, H., and Tatar, O., 2008, The evolution of travertine masses in the sivas area (Central Turkey) and their relationships to active tectonics: Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 17, p. 219–240.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohajjel, M., and Taghipour, K., 2014, Quaternary travertine ridges in the Lake Urmia area: Active extension in NW Iran: Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 23, p. 602–614. 10.3906/yer-1311-14
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molnar, P., and Tapponnier, P., 1975, Cenozoic tectonics of Asia: Effects of a continental collision: Science, v. 189. p. 419–426. 4201 10.1126/science.189.4201.419
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nevedrova, N.N., Deev, E.V., and Sanchaa, A.M., 2014, Deep structure and margins of the Kurai Basin (Gorny Altai), from controlled-source resistivity data: Russian Geology and Geophysics, v. 55, p. 98–107. 10.1016/j.rgg.2013.12.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nevedrova, N.N., Epov, M.I., Antonov, E.Y., Dashevskii, Y.A., and Duchkov, A.D., 2001, Deep structure of the Chuya basin (Gorny Altai) as imaged by TEM soundings: Russian Geology and Geophysics, v. 42, p. 1399–1416.
   Google Scholar
• Nishikawa, O., Furuhashi, K., Masuyama, M., Ogata, T., Shiraishi, T., and Shen, C., 2012, Radiocarbon dating of residual organic matter in travertine formed along the Yumot o Fault in Oga Peninsula, northeast Japan: Implications for long-term hot spring activity under the influence of earthquakes: Sedimentary Geology, v. 243-244, p. 181–190. 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2011.11.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obert, J.C., Scholz, D., Felis, T., Brocas, W.M., Jochum, K.P., and Andreae, M.O., 2016, 230Th/U dating of Last Interglacial brain corals from Bonaire (southern Caribbean) using bulk and theca wall material: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 178, p. 20–40. 10.1016/j.gca.2016.01.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olenchenko, V.V., Kozhevnikov, N.O., Antonov, E.Yu, Pospeeva, E.V., Potapov, V.V., Shein, A.N., Stefanenko, S.M., 2011, Distribution of permafrost in Chuiskaya Basin (Gorny Altai) according to transient electromagnetic soundings data: Earth’s Cryosphere, v. 15, no. 1, p. 15–22 (in Russian).
   Google Scholar
• Pentecost, A., 2005. Travertine. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, p. 446.
   Google Scholar
• Pentecost, A., and Viles, H., 1994, A review and reassessment of travertine classification: Géographie physique et Quaternaire, v. 48. p. 305–314. 10.7202/033011ar
   Google Scholar
• Poage, M.A., and Chamberlain, C.P., 2001, Empirical relationships between elevation and the stable isotope composition of precipitation and surface waters: Considerations for studies of paleoelevation change: Am. J. Sci, v. 301, p. 1–15. 10.2475/ajs.301.1.11
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Priewisch, A., Crossey, L.J., Karlstrom, K.E., Polyak, V.J., Asmerom, Y., Nereson, A., and Ricketts, J.W., 2014, U-series geochronology of large-volume quaternary travertine deposits of the southeastern Colorado Plateau: Evaluating episodicity and tectonic and paleohydrologic controls: Geosphere, v. 10, p. 401–423. 10.1130/GES00946
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reimer, P., Austin, W.E.N., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Blackwell, P.G., Bronk Ramsey, C., Butzin, M., Cheng, H., Lawrence Edwards, R., Friedrich, M., Grootes, P.M., Guilderson, T.P., Hajdas, I., Heaton, T.J., Hogg, A.G., Hughen, K.A., Kromer, B., Manning, S.W., Muscheler, R., Palmer, J.G., Pearson, C., van der Plicht, J., Reimer, R., Richards, D.A., Scott, E.M., Southon, J.R., Turney, C.S.M., Wacker, L., Adolphi, F., Büntgen, U., Capano, M., Fahrni, S., Fogtmann-Schulz, A., Friedrich, R., Miyake, F., Olsen, J., Reinig, F., Sakamoto, M., Sookdeo, A., and Talamo, S., 2020, The IntCal20 northern hemisphere radiocarbon age calibration curve (0-55 cal kBP): Radiocarbon, v. 624, p. 725–757. 10.1017/RDC.2020.41
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogozhin, E.A., Bogachkin, B.M., Nechaev, Y.V., Platonova, S.G., Chichagov, V.P., and Chichagova, O.A., 1998, Paleoseismological investigations on the territory of Russian (Gorny) Altai: Journal of Earthquake Prediction Research, v. 7, p. 391–413.
   Google Scholar
• Rogozhin, E.A., Ovsyuchenko, A.N., and Marakhanov, A.V., 2008, Major earthquakes of the southern Gornyi Altai in the Holocene: Izvestiya: Physics of the Solid Earth, v. 44. p. 469–486. 6 10.1134/S1069351308060037
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogozhin, E.A., Ovsyuchenko, A.N., Marakhanov, A.V., and Ushanova, E.A., 2007, Tectonic setting and geological manifestations of the 2003 Altai earthquake: Geotectonics, v. 41. p. 87–104. 2 10.1134/S001685210702001X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogozhin, E.A., and Platonova, S.G., 2002, Strong earthquake focal zones of Russian Altai in Holocene: Moscow: UIPE, p. 130. in Russian
   Google Scholar
• Rusanov, G.G., 1997, The landslide-dammed lake in the Chuya valley in the Late Pleistocene–early Holocene (Gorny Altai): Voprosy Geografii Sibiri, v. 22, p. 18–25. in Russian
   Google Scholar
• Rusanov, G.G., Deev, E.V., Ryapolova, Y.M., and Zolnikov, I.D., 2013, Paleohydrothermal activity of faults in the Gorny Altai based on travertine dating: Geology and Mineral Resources of Siberia, v. 416, p. 53–64.in Russian
   Google Scholar
• Selim, H.H., Yavuz, O., Gürer, Ö.F., Karakaş, A., and Taş, K.Ö., 2016, Age determination for segments of the north Anatolian fault (NAF) northern branch by ²³⁴U/²³⁰Th dating of Soğucak (Yalova) range-front travertines, south Marmara, Turkey: Quaternary International, v. 425, p. 416–424. 10.1016/j.quaint.2016.08.035
   Google Scholar
• Shokalsky, S.P., Turkin, Y.A., and Fedak, S.I., 2011, State Geological Map of the Russian Federation. Scale 1: 1 000 000, 3rd. Series Altai-Sayan. Sheet M-45–Gorno-Altaisk, 3rd. St.Petersburg: VSEGEI
   Google Scholar
• Sinisi, R., Petrullo, A.V., Agosta, F., Paternoster, M., Belviso, C., and Grassa, F., 2016 Contrasting fault fluids along high-angle faults: a case study from Southern Apennines (Italy) , Tectonophysics, Vol. 690, p. 206–218. 10.1016/j.tecto.2016.07.023
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spötl, C., 2011, Long-term performance of the Gasbench isotope ratio mass spectrometry system for the stable isotope analysis of carbonate microsamples: Rapid Commun: Mass Spectrom, v. 25, p. 1683–1685. 10.1002/rcm.5037
   Google Scholar
• Tatevossian, R.E., Rogozhin, E.A., Arefiev, S.S., and Ovsyuchenko, A.N., 2009, Earthquake intensity assessment based on environmental effects: Principles and case studies: Geological Society, London: Special Publications, Vol. 316, p. 73–91. 10.1144/SP316
   Google Scholar
• Temiz, U., 2012, Age of fault reactivation by using U/Th dating method of carbonate precipitates: An example from the active Manisa Fault (West Turkey): Geodinamica Acta, v. 25, p. 1–11. 10.1080/09853111.2013.813741
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Temiz, U., Gökten, Y.E., and Eikenberg, J., 2013, Strike-slip deformation and U/Th dating of travertine deposition: Examples from North Anatolian Fault Zone, Bolu and Yeniçağ Basins, Turkey: Quaternary International, Vol. 312, p. 132–140. 10.1016/j.quaint.2013.08.034.
   Google Scholar
• Turkin, Y.A., and Fedak, S.I., 2008, Geology and structural-and-compositional complexes of Gorny Altai, Tomsk: STT, p. 460. in Russian
   Google Scholar
• Turova, I., Deev, E., Pozdnyakova, N., Entin, A., Nevedrova, N., Shaparenko, I., Bricheva, S., Korzhenkov, A., Kurbanov, R., and Panin, A., 2020, Surface-rupturing paleoearthquakes in the Kurai Fault Zone (Gorny Altai, Russia): Trenching and geophysical evidence: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v. 197, p. 104399. 10.1016/j.jseaes.2020.104399
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ulomov, V.I., and Medvedeva, N.S., 2011, Earthquakes of northern Eurasia. Special catalog. http://seismorus.ru/eq/spec_catalog. (Moscow: IFZ RAS)
   Google Scholar
• Uysal, I.T., Feng, Y., Zhao, J., Altunel, E., Weatherley, D., Karabacak, V., Cengiz, O., Golding, S.D., Lawrens, M.G., and Collerson, K.D., 2007, U-series dating and geochemical tracing of late quaternary travertines in co-seismic fissures: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 257. p. 450–462. 10.1016/j.epsl.2007.03.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uysal, I.T., Feng, Y., Zhao, J., Isik, V., Nuriel, P., and Golding, S.D., 2009, Hydrothermal CO2 degassing in seismically active zones during the late Quaternary: Chemical Geology, v. 265, p. 442–454. 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.05.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wells, D.L., and Coppersmith, K.J., 1994, New empirical relationship among magnitude, rupture length, rupture width, rupture area and surface displacement: Bull: Seismol. Soc. Am, v. 844, p. 974–1002. 10.1785/BSSA0840040974
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, Q., Scholz, D., Jochum, K.P., Hoffmann, D.L., Stoll, B., Weis, U., Schwager, B., and Andreae, M.O., 2015, Lead isotope variability in speleothems – A promising new proxy for hydrological change? First results from a stalagmite from western Germany: Chemical Geology, v. 396, p. 143–151. 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.12.028
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zentmyer, R., Myrow, P.M., and Newell, D.L., 2008, Travertine deposits from along the south Tibetan fault system near nyalam, Tibet: Geological Magazine, v. 145. p. 753–765. 10.1017/S0016756808005323
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhalkovsky, N.D., Kuchai, O.A., and Muchnaya, V.I., 1995, Seismicity and some characteristics of the stress state of the earth’s crust in the Altai–Sayan region: Russian Geology and Geophysics, v. 36, p. 16–25.
   Google Scholar
• Zol’nikov, I.D., Deev, E.V., and Lyamina, V.A., 2010, New data on Quaternary morpholithogenesis in the Chuya Basin (Gorny Altai): Russian Geology and Geophysics, v. 51. p. 339–348. 10.1016/j.rgg.2010.03.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar