Petrogenesis and rare-metal mineralization of the Ririwai alkaline granitoids, north-central Nigeria: mineralogical and geochemical constraints

References

• Abdel-Karim, A.A., Azer, M., and Sami, M., 2021, Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of the Maladob ring complex in the south Eastern Desert, Egypt: New insights from mineral chemistry and whole-rock geochemistry: International Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 110, no. 1, p .53–80. 10.1007/s00531-020-01937-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abd El Monsef, M., Sami, M., Toksoy-Köksal, F., Abart, R., Ondrejka, M., and Abdelfadil, K.M., 2023, Role of magmatism and related-exsolved fluids during Ta-Nb-Sn concentration in the central Eastern Desert of Egypt: Evidences from mineral chemistry and fluid inclusions: Journal of Earth Science, v. 34, no. 3, p .674–689. 10.1007/s12583-022-1778-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmed, H.A., Wang, L.X., Ma, C.Q., Abdallsamed, M.I., Girei, M.B., Zhu, Y.X., Vincent, V.I., Kamaunji, V.D., and Cao, L., 2021, Contrasting Neoproterozoic and Mesozoic granitoids in Zaranda complex (Nigeria): Insights into the distinct origins, tectonic settings and mineralization potential: International Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 110, no. 4, p. 1389–1413. 10.1007/s00531-021-02021-z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amuda, A.K., Yang, X., Deng, J., Faisal, M., Cao, J., Bute, S.I., Girei, M.B., and Elatikpo, S.M., 2020, Petrogenesis of the peralkaline Dutsen Wai and Ropp complexes in the Nigerian younger granites: Implications for crucial metal enrichments: International Geology Reviews, v. 63,no. 16, p. 2057–2081. 10.1080/00206814.2020.1821250.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayers, J.C., Zhang, L., Luo, Y., and Peters, T.J., 2012, Zircon solubility in alkaline aqueous fluids at upper crustal conditions: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 96, p. 18–28. 10.1016/j.gca.2012.08.027.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bailey, D.K., and Woolley, A.R., 2005, Repeated synchronous magmatism within Africa: Timing, magnetic reversals, and global tectonics, in Foulger, G.R., Natland, J.H., Presnall, D.C., and Anderson, D.L. eds., Plates, plumes and paradigms: Geological Society of America Special Papers, Vol. 388, pp. 365–377. 10.1130/0-8137-2388-4.365.
   Google Scholar
• Baker, J., Peate, D., Waight, T., and Meyzen, C., 2004, Pb isotopic analysis of standards and samples using a 207Pb–204Pb double spike and thallium to correct for mass bias with a double-focusing MC-ICP-MS: Chemical Geology, v. 211, no. 3–4, p. 275–303. 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.030.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barker, F., 1979, Trondhjemite: definition, environment and hypotheses of origin: Developments in Petrology, v. 6, p. 1–12. 10.1016/B978-0-444-41765-7.50006-X.
   Google Scholar
• Bau, M., 1996, Controls on the fractionation of isovalent trace elements in magmatic and aqueous systems: Evidence from Y/Ho, Zr/Hf, and lanthanide tetrad effect: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 123, no. 3, p. 323–333. 10.1007/s004100050159.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beard, C.D., Goodenough, K.M., Borst, A.M., Wall, F., Siegfried, P.R., Deady, E.A., Pohl, C., Hutchison, W., Finch, A.A., Walter, B.F., Elliott, H.A.L., and Brauch, K., 2022, Alkaline-Silicate REE-HFSE Systems: Economic Geology, v. 118, no. 1, p. 177–208. 10.5382/econgeo.4956.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belousova, E.A., Griffin, W.L., O’Reilly, S.Y., and Fisher, N.L., 2002, Igneous zircon: Trace element composition as an indicator of source rock type: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 143, no. 5, p .602–622. 10.1007/s00410-002-0364-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black, R., Lameyre, J., and Bonin, B., 1985, The structural setting of alkaline complexes: Journal of African Earth Sciences (1983), v. 3, no. 1–2, p. 5–16. 10.1016/0899-5362(85)90019-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boily, M., and Williams-Jones, A.E., 1994, The role of magmatic and hydrothermal processes in the chemical evolution of the Strange Lake plutonic complex, quebec-Labrador: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 118, p. 33–47. 10.1007/BF00310609.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonin, B., 2007, A-type granites and related rocks: Evolution of a concept, problems and prospects: Lithos, v. 97, no. 1–2, p .1–29. 10.1016/j.lithos.2006.12.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowden, P. 1970, Origin of the younger granites of northern Nigeria. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 25, no. 2, p. 153–162. 10.1007/BF00389784.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowden, P., and Van Breemen, O., 1972, Isotopic and chemical studies on younger granites from northern Nigeria. In: Proceedings of the Conference on African Geology, Ibadan. 105–120.
   Google Scholar
• Bowden, P., Van Breemen, O., Hutchinson, J., and Turner, D.C., 1976, Paleozoic and Mesozoic age trends for some ring complexes in Niger and Nigeria: Nature, v. 259, no. 5541, p. 297–299. 10.1038/259297a0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broika, I., and Kubis, M., 2018, Accessory minerals and evolution of tin-bearing S-type granites in the western segment of the gemeric unit (western Carpathian): Geologica Carpathica, v. 69, no. 5, p. 483–497. 10.1515/geoca-2018-0028.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, G.C., and Bowden, P., 1973, Experimental studies concerning the genesis of the Nigerian Younger Granites. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 40, no. 2, p. 131–139. 10.1007/BF00378170
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chakhmouradian, A.R. and Wall, F. 2012. Rare earth elements: Minerals, mines, magnets (and more). Elements, v. 8, no. 5, p. 333–340. 10.2113/gselements.8.5.333.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chakhmouradian, A.R., and Zaitsev, A.N., 2012, Rare Earth mineralization in igneous rocks: Sources and processes: Elements, v. 8, no. 5, p .347–353. 10.2113/gselements.8.5.347
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charoy, B., and Pollard, P.J., 1989, Albite-rich, silica-depleted metasomatic rocks at Emuford, Northeast Queensland; mineralogical, geochemical, and fluid inclusion constraints on hydrothermal evolution and tin mineralization: Economic Geology, v. 84, no. 7, p .1850–1874. 10.2113/gsecongeo.84.7.1850
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chase, C.G., 1981, Oceanic island Pb: Two-stage histories and mantle evolution: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 52, no. 2, p. 277–284. 10.1016/0012-821x(81)90182-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, Y., Li, H., Wang, W., Whattam, S.A., Zheng, C., Lemdjou, Y.B., Wang, L., Gu, S., and Duan, L.A., 2023, Tectonic transition during the Jurassic-Cretaceous in the Jiaodong Peninsula, north China: Insights from asynchronous adakitic and A-type granitic plutons: International Geology Review, p. 1–22. 10.1080/00206814.2023.2250846.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clemens, J.D., Holloway, J.R. and White, A.J.R. 1986, Origin of an A-type granite; experimental constraints. American Mineralogist, v. 71, no. 3–4, p. 317–324.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coulon, C., Vidal, P., Dupuy, C., Baudin, P., Popoff, M., Maluski, H., and Hermitte, D., 1996, The Mesozoic to early Cenozoic magmatism of the Benue Trough (Nigeria); geochemical evidence for the involvement of the St Helena plume: Journal of Petrology, v. 37, no. 6, p .1341–1358. 10.1093/petrology/37.6.1341
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dada, S.S., Briqueu, L., Harms, U., Lancelot, J.R. and Matheis, G. 1995, Charnockitic and monzonitic Pan-African series from north-central Nigeria: Trace-element and nd, sr, pb isotope constraints on their petrogenesis. Chemical Geology, v. 124, no. 3–4, p. 233–252. 10.1016/0009-2541(95)00010-J.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dall’agnol, R., Frost, C.D., and Rämö, O.T., 2012, IGCP project 510 “A-type granites and related rocks through time”: Project vita, results, and contribution to granite research: Lithos, v. 151, p. 1–16. 10.1016/j.lithos.2012.08.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de la Roche, H., 1964, Sur l’expressiong raphiqued es relations entre le composition chimique et la composition minéralogique quantitative des roches cristallines: Sciences de la Terre, v. 9, no. 3, p. 293–337.
   Google Scholar
• De la Roche, H., Leterrier, J., Grandclaude, P., and Marchal, M., 1980, A classification of volcanic and plutonic rocks using R1R2-diagram and major-element analyses–its relationships with current nomenclature: Chemical Geology, v. 29, no. 1–4, p. 183–210. 10.1016/0009-2541(80)90020-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dickin, A.P., Halliday, A.N., and Bowden, P., 1991, A Pb, Sr and Nd isotope study of the basement and Mesozoic ring complexes of the Jos Plateau, Nigeria: Chemical Geology, v. 94, no. 1, p .23–32. 10.1016/s0009-2541(10)80014-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dostal, J., Kontak, D.J., and Karl, S.M., 2014, The Early Jurassic bokan mountain peralkaline granitic complex (southeastern Alaska): Geochemistry, petrogenesis and rare-metal mineralization: Lithos, v. 201–203, p. 395–412. 10.1016/j.lithos.2014.06.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dostal, J., and Shellnutt, J.G., 2016, Origin of peralkaline granites of the Jurassic bokan mountain complex (southeastern Alaska) hosting rare metal mineralization: International Geology Reviews, v. 58, no. 1, p .1–13. 10.1080/00206814.2015.1052995
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eby, G.N. 1990, The A-type granitoids: A review of their occurrence and chemical characteristics and speculations on their petrogenesis. Lithos, v. 26, no. 1–2, p. 115–134. 10.1016/0024-4937(90)90043-Z.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eby, G.N., 1992, Chemical subdivision of the A-type granitoids: Petrogenetic and tectonic implications: Geology, v. 20, no. 7, p. 641–644. 10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0641:CSOTAT>2.3.CO;2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ersay, L., Greenough, J.D., Larson, K.P., and Dostal, J., 2022, Zircon reveals multistage, magmatic and hydrothermal rare Earth element mineralization at Debert Lake, Nova Scotia, Canada: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 144, p. 104780. 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2022.104780.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ersoy, Y., and Helvacı, C., 2010, FC–AFC–FCA and mixing modeler: a Microsoft® Excel© spreadsheet program for modeling geochemical differentiation of magma by crystal fractionation, crustal assimilation and mixing: Computers & Geosciences, v. 36, no. 3, p .383–390. 10.1016/j.cageo.2009.06.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferré, E.C., Caby, R., Peucat, J.J., Capdevila, R., and Monié, P., 1998, Pan-African, post-collisional, ferro-potassic granite and quartz–monzonite plutons of Eastern Nigeria: Lithos, v. 45, no. 1–4, p. 255–279. 10.1016/s0024-4937(98)00035-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferry, J.M., and Watson, E.B., 2007, New thermodynamic models and revised calibrations for the Ti-in-zircon and Zr-in-rutile thermometers: Contributions to Mineralogy & Petrology, v. 154, no. 4, p. 429–437. 10.1007/s00410-007-0201-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franz, G., Steiner, G., Volker, F., Pudlo, D., and Hammerschmidt, K., 1999, Plume related alkaline magmatism in central Africa—the Meidob Hills (W Sudan): Chemical Geology, v. 157, no. 1–2, p .27–47. 10.1016/s0009-2541(98)00195-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frost, D.J., 2006, The stability of hydrous mantle phases: Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, v. 62, no. 1, p. 243–271. 10.2138/rmg.2006.62.11.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frost, B.R., Arculus, R.J., Barnes, C.G., Collins, W.J., Ellis, D.J., and Frost, C.D., 2001, A geochemical classification of granitic rocks: Journal of Petrology, v. 42, no. 11, p. 2033–2048. 10.1093/petrology/42.11.2033.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao, L.E., Zeng, L., Zhao, L., Hou, K., Guo, C., Gao, J., and Wang, Y., 2021, Geochemical behavior of rare metals and high field strength elements during granitic magma differentiation: A record from the Borong and Malashan gneiss Domes, Tethyan Himalaya, southern Tibet: Lithos, v. 398–399, p. 106344. 10.1016/j.lithos.2021.106344.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giordano, D., Romano, C., Dingwell, D.B., Poe, B., and Behrens, H., 2004, The combined effects of water and fluorine on the viscosity of silicic magmas: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 68, no. 24, p .5159–5168. 10.1016/j.gca.2004.08.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giordano, D., Russell, J.K., and Dingwell, D.B., 2008, Viscosity of magmatic liquids: a model: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 27, no. 1, p. 123–134. 10.1016/j.epsl.2008.03.038.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Girei, M.B., Li, H., Algeo, T.J., Bonin, B., Ogunleye, P.O., Bute, S.I., and Ahmed, H.A., 2019, Petrogenesis of A-type granites associated with Sn–Nb–Zn mineralization in Ririwai complex, north-central Nigeria: Constraints from whole-rock Sm-Nd and zircon Lu-Hf isotope systematics: Lithos, v. 340–341, p. 49–70. 10.1016/j.lithos.2019.05.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Girei, M.B., Li, H., Vincent, V.I., Algeo, T.J., Elatikpo, S.M., Bute, S.I., Ahmed, H.A., and Amuda, A.K., 2020, Genesis and timing of mo mineralization in the Mada ring complex, north-central Nigeria: Insights from whole-rock geochemistry, Nd-Sr isotopes, zircon U-Pb-Hf isotopes, and molybdenite re-os systematics: Mineralium Deposita, v. 57, no. 4, p. 601–620. 10.1007/s00126-020-01019-y.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodenough, K.M., Deady, E.A., Beard, C.D., Broom-Fendley, S., Elliott, H.A.L., van den Berg, F., and Öztürk, H., 2021, Carbonatites and alkaline igneous rocks in post-collisional settings: Storehouses of rare earth elements: Journal of Earth Science, v. 32, no. 6, p. 1332–1358. 10.1007/s12583-021-1500-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grimes, C., Wooden, J., Cheadle, M., and John, B., 2015, “Fingerprinting” tectono-magmatic provenance using trace elements in igneous zircon: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 170, no. 5, p. 6. 10.1007/s00410-015-1199-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guiraud, R., Bosworth, W., Thierry, J., and Delplanque, A., 2005, Phanerozoic geological evolution of northern and central Africa: An overview: Journal of African Earth Sciences, v. 43, no. 1–3, p. 83–143. 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2005.07.017.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawthorne, F.C., Oberti, R., Harlow, G.E., Maresch, W.V., Martin, R.F., Schumacher, J.C., and Welch, M.D., 2012, Nomenclature of the amphibole supergroup: American Mineralogist, v. 97, no. 11–12, p .2031–2048. 10.2138/am.2012.4276
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoskin, P.W.O., 2005, Trace-element composition of hydrothermal zircon and the alteration of hadean zircon from the Jack Hills, Australia: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 69, no. 3, p. 637–648. 10.1016/j.gca.2004.07.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoskin, P.W., and Schaltegger, U., 2003, The composition of zircon and igneous and metamorphic petrogenesis: Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, v. 53, no. 1, p. 27–62. 10.2113/0530027.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, H., Wang, T., Zhang, Z., Li, C. and Qin, Q. 2018, Highly differentiated fluorine-rich, alkaline granitic magma linked to rare metal mineralization: A case study from the Boziguo’er rare metal granitic pluton in South Tianshan Terrane, Xinjiang, NW China. Ore Geology Reviews, v. 96, p. 146–163. 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2018.04.021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, H., Zhang, Z., Santosh, M., and Zhang, D., 2014, Geochronology, geochemistry and metallogenic implications of the Boziguo’er rare metal-bearing peralkaline granitic intrusion in south Tianshan, NW China: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 61, p. 157–174. 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.01.011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutchison, W., Finch, A.A., Borst, A.M., Marks, M.A., Upton, B.G., Zerkle, A.L., Stüeken, E.E., and Boyce, A.J., 2021, Mantle sources and magma evolution in Europe’s largest rare earth element belt (Gardar province, SW Greenland): New insights from sulfur isotopes: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 568, p. 117034. 10.1016/j.epsl.2021.117034.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irber, W., 1999, The lanthanide tetrad effect and its correlation with K/Rb, Eu/Eu*, Sr/Eu, Y/Ho, and Zr/Hf of evolving peraluminous granite suites: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 63, no. 3–4, p. 489–508. 10.1016/s0016-7037(99)00027-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobson, R.R.E., and Macleod, W.N., 1977, Geology of the Liruei, banke and adjacent younger granite ring-complexes: Bulletin of Geological Survey of Nigeria, v. 33, p. 117.
   Google Scholar
• Jahn, B.M., Wu, F., Capdevila, R., Martineau, F., Zhao, Z., and Wang, Y., 2001, Highly evolved juvenile granites with tetrad REE patterns: The woduhe and Baerzhe granites from the great Xing’an mountains in NE China: Lithos, v. 59, no. 4, p .171–198. 10.1016/s0024-4937(01)00066-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamaunji, V.D., Wang, L.X., Ahmed, H.A., Zhu, Y.X., Vincent, V.I., and Girei, M.B., 2020, Coexisting A1 and A2 granites of Kudaru complex: Implications for genetic and tectonic diversity of A‑type granite in the younger granite province, north‑central Nigeria: International Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 109, no. 2, p. 511–535. 10.1007/s00531-020-01818-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamaunji, V.D., Wang, L.X., Girei, M.B., Zhu, Y.X., Li, L., Vincent, V.I., and Amuda, A.K., 2022, Petrogenesis and tectonic implication of the alkaline ferroan granites from Ropp complex, north-central Nigeria: Clues from zircon chemistry, U–Pb dating, and Lu–Hf isotope: Geological Journal, v. 58, no. 1, p. 21–50. 10.1002/gj.4579.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kinnaird, J.A., and Bowden, P., 1987, African anorogenic alkaline magmatism and mineralization — a discussion with reference to the Niger-Nigerian province: Geology Journal, v. 22, no. S2, p. 297–340. 10.1002/gj.3350220622.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kinnaird, J.A., Bowden, P.L., Ixer, R.A., and Odling, N.W.A., 1985, Mineralogy, geochemistry and mineralization of the Ririwai complex, northern Nigeria: Journal of African Earth Sciences (1983), v. 3, no. 1–2, p. 185–222. 10.1016/0899-5362(85)90036-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konopleva, N.G., Ivanyuk, G.Y., Pakhomovsky, Y.A., Yakovenchuk, V.N., Men’shikov, Y.P., and Korchak, Y.A., 2008, Amphiboles of the Khibiny alkaline pluton, Kola Peninsula, Russia: Geology of Ore Deposits, v. 50, no. 8, p .720–731. 10.1134/s1075701508080084
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kovalenko, V.I., Tsaryeva, G.M., Goreglyad, A.V., Yarmolyuk, V.V., Troitsky, V.A., Hervig, R.L. and Farmer, G. 1995, The peralkaline granite-related khaldzan-buregtey rare metal (zr, nb, REE) deposit, western Mongolia. Economic Geology, v. 90, no. 3, p. 530–547. 10.2113/gsecongeo.90.3.530
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leake, B.E., Woolley, A.R., Arps, C.E., Birch, W.D., Gilbert, M.C., Grice, J.D., Hawthorne, F.C., Kato, A., Kisch, H.J., Krivovichev, V.G., Linthout, K., Laird, J., Mandarino, J., Maresch, W.V., Nicke, E.H., Rock, N.M.S., Schumacher, J.V., Smith, D.C., Stephenson, N.C.N., Ungaretti, L., Whittaker, E.J.W., and Youzhi, G., 1997, Nomenclature of amphiboles; report of the Subcommittee on amphiboles of the International mineralogical association Commission on new minerals and mineral names: Mineralogical Magazine, v. 61, no. 405, p. 295–310. 10.1180/minmag.1997.061.405.13.
   Google Scholar
• Li, H., Myint, A.Z., Yonezu, K., Watanabe, K., Algeo, T.J., and Wu, J.H., 2018, Geochemistry and U–Pb geochronology of the wagone and Hermyingyi A-type granites, southern Myanmar: Implications for tectonic setting, magma evolution and Sn–W mineralization: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 95, p. 575–592. 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2018.03.015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, J., Liu, Y.S., Yang, Y.H., and Hu, Z.C., 2016, Calibration and correction of LA-ICP-MS and LA-MC-ICP-MS analyses for element contents and isotopic ratios: Solid Earth Science, v. 1, no. 1, p. 5–27. 10.1016/j.sesci.2016.04.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Y.S., Gao, S.H.Z., Gao, C.G., Zong, K.Q., Wang, D.B., and Wang, D., 2010, Continental and oceanic crust Recycled-induced melt-Peridotite interactions in the Trans-north China Orogen: U-Pb dating, Hf isotope and trace elements in zircons of mantle xenoliths: Journal of Petrology, v. 51, no. 1–2, p. 537–571. 10.1093/petrology/egp082.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Y.S., Hu, Z.C., Gao, S., Günther, D., Xu, J., Gao, C.G., and Chen, H.H., 2008, In situ analysis of major and trace elements of anhydrous minerals by LA-ICP-MS without applying an internal standard: Chemical Geology, v. 257, p. 34–43. 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.08.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, H., Watanabe, K., and Yonezu, K., 2014, Geochemistry of A-type granites in the huangshaping polymetallic deposit (south Hunan, China): Implications for granite evolution and associated mineralization: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v. 88, p. 149–167. 10.1016/j.jseaes.2014.03.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, H., Wu, J.H., Evans, N.J., Jiang, W.C., and Zhou, Z.K., 2018, Zircon geochronology and geochemistry of the Xianghualing A-type granitic rocks: Insights into multi-stage Sn-polymetallic mineralization in south China: Lithos, v. 312, p. 1–20. 10.1016/j.lithos.2018.05.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, X., Zhang, C., Behrens, H., and Holtz, F., 2020, Calculating amphibole formula from electron microprobe analysis data using a machine learning method based on principal components regression: Lithos, v. 362, p. 105469. 10.1016/j.lithos.2020.105469.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Z.X., Zhang, S.B., Zheng, Y.F., Wu, S.T., Li, W.C., Sun, F.Y. and Liang, T. 2022, Mobilization and fractionation of HFSE and REE by high fluorine fluid of magmatic origin during the alteration of amphibolite. Lithos, v. 420, p. 106701. 10.1016/j.lithos.2022.106701
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loiselle, M.C., and Wones, D.R., 1979. Characteristics and origin of anorogenic granites, in: Abstracts of Papers Presented at the Annual Meetings of the Geological Society of America and Associated Societies. San Diego, California, 11, 468.
   Google Scholar
• Ludwig, K.R., 2012, User’s manual for isoplot version 3.75–4.15: A geochronological toolkit for microsoft Excel Berkeley geochronological center, Special Publication, p. 5.
   Google Scholar
• MacLeod, W.N., Turner, D.C., and Wright, E.P., 1971, The geology of the Jos Plateau: General geology: Geological Survey of Nigeria Bulletin, v. 32, no. 1.
   Google Scholar
• Magaji, S.S., Martin, R.F., Ike, E.C., and Ikpokonte, A.E., 2011, The Geshere syenite-peralkaline granite pluton: A key to understanding the anorogenic Nigerian younger granites and analogues elsewhere: Periodico di Mineralogia, v. 80, no. 1, p .199–215. 10.2451/2011PM0016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manning, D.A.C., 1981, The effect of fluorine on liquidus phase relationships in the system Qz-Ab-or with excess water at 1 kb: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 76, no. 2, p .206–215. 10.1007/bf00371960
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markl, G., Marks, M.A., and Frost, B.R., 2010, On the controls of oxygen fugacity in the generation and crystallization of peralkaline melts: Journal of Petrology, v. 51, no. 9, p. 1831–1847. 10.1093/petrology/egq040.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marks, M., Halama, R., Wenzel, T., and Markl, G., 2004, Trace element variations in clinopyroxene and amphibole from alkaline to peralkaline syenites and granites: implications for mineral-melt trace-element partitioning: Chemical Geology, v. 211, no. 3–4, p. 185–215. 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.032.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marks, M.A. and Markl, G. 2017, A global review on agpaitic rocks. Earth Science Review, v. 173, p. 229–258. 10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.06.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin, R.F., 2006, A-type granites of crustal origin ultimately result from open-system fenitization-type reactions in an extensional environment: Lithos, v. 91, no. 1–4, p .125–136. 10.1016/j.lithos.2006.03.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin, R.F., and Bowden, P., 1981, Peraluminous granites produced by rock-fluid interaction in the Ririwai nonorogenic ring-complex, Nigeria; mineralogical evidence: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 19, no. 1, p. 65–82.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McHone, J.G., 1996, Constraints on the mantle plume model for Mesozoic alkaline intrusions in northeastern north America: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 34, p. 325–334.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Migdisov, A.A., Williams-Jones, A.E., and Wagner, T., 2009, An experimental study of the solubility and speciation of the rare Earth elements (III) in fluoride-and chloride-bearing aqueous solutions at temperatures up to 300 C: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 73, no. 23, p. 7087–7109. 10.1016/j.gca.2009.08.023.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohammadi, N., Corrigan, D., Sappin, A.A., and Rayner, N., 2022, Evidence for a Neoarchean to earliest Paleoproterozoic mantle metasomatic event prior to formation of the mesoproterozoic-age Strange Lake REE deposit, Newfoundland and Labrador, and Quebec, Canada: Geological Survey of Canada, Scientific Presentation, v. 143. 10.4095/330866.
   Google Scholar
• Morimoto, N., Fabries, J., Ferguson, A.K., Ginzburg, I.V., Ross, M., Seifert, F.A., Zussman, J., Aoki, K., and Gottardi, G., 1988, Nomenclature of pyroxenes: American Mineralogist, v. 73, p. 1123–1133. 10.2465/minerj.14.198.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moussa, H.E., Asimow, P.D., Azer, M.K., Abou El Maaty, M.A., Akarish, A.I., Yanni, N.N., Mubarak, H.S., Wilner, M.J., and Elsagheer, M.A., 2021, Magmatic and hydrothermal evolution of highly-fractionated rare-metal granites at Gabal Nuweibi, Eastern Desert Egypt: Lithos, v. 400, p. 106405. 10.1016/j.lithos.2021.106405.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ngako, V., Njonfang, E., Aka, F.T., Affaton, P., and Nnange, J.M., 2006, The north–south Paleozoic to quaternary trend of alkaline magmatism from Niger–Nigeria to Cameroon: Complex interaction between hotspots and Precambrian faults: Journal of African Earth Sciences, v. 45, no. 3, p. 241–256. 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2006.03.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogunleye, P.O., Garba, I., and Ike, E.C., 2006, Factors contributing to enrichment and crystallization of niobium in pyrochlore in the Kaffo albite arfvedsonite granite, Ririwai complex, younger granites province of Nigeria: Journal of African Earth Sciences, v. 44, no. 3, p. 372–382. 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2005.12.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogunleye, P.O., Ike, E.C., and Garba, I., 2005, Geochemical characteristics of the niobium-rich arfvedsonite granites, younger granites province of Nigeria: Geochemistry, v. 65, no. 3, p .279–296. 10.1016/j.chemer.2003.10.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearce, J.A., Harris, N., and Tindle, A.G., 1984, Trace element discrimination diagrams for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks: Journal of Petrology, v. 25, no. 4, p .956–983. 10.1093/petrology/25.4.956
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piilonen, P.C., Mcdonald, A.M., Poirier, G., Rowe, R., and Larsen, A.O., 2013, Mafic minerals of the alkaline pegmatites in the Larvik plutonic complex, Oslo rift, southern Norway: The Canadian Mineralogist, v. 51, no. 5, p. 735–770. 10.3749/canmin.51.5.735.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahaman, M.A., Van Breemen, O., Bowden, P., and Bennett, J.N., 1984, Age migration of anorogenic ring-complexes in northern Nigeria: Journal of Geology, v. 92, no. 2, p. 173–184. 10.1086/628847.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson, F.A., Bonin, B., Pease, V., and Anderson, J.L., 2017, A discussion on the tectonic implications of Ediacaran late‐to post‐orogenic A‐type granite in the northeastern Arabian shield, Saudi Arabia: Tectonics, v. 36, no. 3, p. 582–600. 10.1002/2016tc004320.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakoma, E.M., and Martin, R.F., 2011, Frozen disequilibrium in the feldspar mineralogy of the kwandonkaya anorogenic complex, Nigerian A-type granite province: The Canadian Mineralogist, v. 49, no. 4, p .967–982. 10.3749/canmin.49.4.967
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salvi, S., Fontan, F., Monchoux, P., Williams-Jones, A.E., and Moine, B., 2000, Hydrothermal mobilization of high field strength elements in alkaline igneous systems: Evidence from the tamazeght complex (Morocco): Economic Geology, v. 95, no. 3, p. 559–576. 10.2113/gsecongeo.95.3.559.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salvi, S. and Williams-Jones, A.E. 1996, The role of hydrothermal processes in concentrating high-field strength elements in the Strange Lake peralkaline complex, northeastern Canada. Geochimica et cosmochimica acta, v. 60, no. 11, p. 1917–1932. 10.1016/0016-7037(96)00071-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salvi, S., and Williams-Jones, A.E., 2005, Alkaline granite-syenite deposits, in Linnen, R.L., and Samson, I.L., eds., Rare-Element Geochemistry of Mineral Deposits: Geological Association of Canada GAC Short Course Note 17 , p. 315–341
   Google Scholar
• Salvi, S. and Williams-Jones, A.E. 2006, Alteration, HFSE mineralisation and hydrocarbon formation in peralkaline igneous systems: Insights from the Strange Lake Pluton, Canada. Lithos, v. 91, no. 1–4, p. 19–34. 10.1016/j.lithos.2006.03.040
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sami, M., El Monsef, M.A., Abart, R., Toksoy-Köksal, F., and Abdelfadil, K.M., 2022, Unraveling the Genesis of highly fractionated rare-metal granites in the Nubian shield via the rare-Earth elements tetrad effect, Sr–Nd isotope systematics, and mineral chemistry: ACS Earth and Space Chemistry, v. 6, no. 10, p .2368–2384. 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.2c00125
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sami, M., Osman, H., Ahmed, A.F., Zaky, K.S., Abart, R., Sanislav, I.V., Abdelrahman, K., Fnais, M.S., Xiao, W., and Abbas, H., 2023, Magmatic evolution and rare metal mineralization in Mount El-Sibai peralkaline granites, central Eastern Desert, Egypt: Insights from whole-rock geochemistry and mineral chemistry data: Minerals, v. 13, no. 8, p .1039. 10.3390/min13081039
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Secher, K., 1988, Pyrochlore in Greenland: A significant Niobium-Tantalum potential. In: Tantalum and Niobium, Proceeding of International Symposium on Tantalum and Niobium; mining, processing, applications and new developments held in Orlando, Florida, November 7–9, Tantalum and Niobium International Study Centre, 117–124.
   Google Scholar
• Shand, S.J., 1943, Eruptive rocks, their genesis, composition, and classification: John Wiley and sons, New York, pp. 52–103 p. 10.1038/120872a0.
   Google Scholar
• Sheard, E.R., Williams-Jones, A.E., Heiligmann, M., Pederson, C., and Trueman, D.L., 2012, Controls on the concentration of zirconium, niobium, and the rare earth elements in the Thor Lake rare metal deposit, Northwest Territories, Canada: Economic Geology, v. 107, no. 1, p .81–104. 10.2113/econgeo.107.1.81
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shellnutt, J.G., Wang, C.Y., Zhou, M.F., and Yang, Y., 2009, Zircon Lu–Hf isotopic compositions of metaluminous and peralkaline A-type granitic plutons of the Emeishan large igneous province (SW China): Constraints on the mantle source: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, v. 35, no. 1, p .45–55. 10.1016/j.jseaes.2008.12.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel, K., Vasyukova, O.V., and Williams-Jones, A.E., 2018, Magmatic evolution and controls on rare metal-enrichment of the Strange Lake A-type peralkaline granitic pluton, Québec-Labrador: Lithos, v. 308, p. 34–52. 10.1016/j.lithos.2018.03.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel, K., Williams-Jones, A.E., and van Hinsberg, V.J., 2017, The amphiboles of the REE-rich A-type peralkaline Strange Lake pluton–fingerprints of magma evolution: Lithos, v. 288, p. 156–174. 10.1016/j.lithos.2017.07.012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smythe, D.J., and Brenan, J.M., 2016, Magmatic oxygen fugacity estimated using zircon-melt partitioning of cerium: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 453, p. 260–266. 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.08.013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spandler, C. and Morris, C. 2016, Geology and genesis of the Toongi rare metal (Zr, H., Nb, T., Y.and Deposit, R.E.E.)., and , N.S.W. Geology and genesis of the Toongi rare metal. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 171, p. 1–24. 10.1007/s00410-016-1316-y.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Streckeisen, A., 1976, To each plutonic rock its proper name: Earth Science Review, v. 12, no. 1, p .1–33. 10.1016/0012-8252(76)90052-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Su, H.M., Jiang, S.Y., Zhu, X.Y., Duan, Z.P., Huang, X.K. and Zou, T. 2021, Magmatic-hydrothermal processes and controls on rare-metal enrichment of the Baerzhe peralkaline granitic pluton, inner Mongolia, northeastern China. Ore Geology Reviews, v. 131, p. 103984. 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2021.103984
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, S.S., and McDonough, W.F., 1989, Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: Implications for mantle composition and processes: Geological Society, London, Special Publications, v. 42, no. 1, p .313–345. 10.1144/gsl.sp.1989.042.01.19
   Google Scholar
• Tanaka, T., Togashi, S., Kamioka, H., Amakawa, H., Kagami, H., Hamamoto, T., Yuhara, M., Orihashi, Y., Yoneda, S., Shimizu, H., Kunimaru, T., Takahashi, K., Yanagi, T., Nakano, T., Fujimaki, H., Shinjo, R., Asahara, Y., Tanimizu, M., and Dragusanu, C., 2000, Jndi-1: A neodymium isotopic reference in consistency with lajolla neodymium: Chemical Geology, v. 168, no. 168, p. 279–281. 10.1016/s0009-2541(00)00198-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trail, D., Watson, E.B., and Tailby, N.D., 2012, Ce and Eu anomalies in zircon as proxies for the oxidation state of magmas: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 97, p. 70–87. 10.1016/j.gca.2012.08.032.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Breemen, O., and Bowden, P., 1973, Sequential age trends for some Nigerian Mesozoic granites: Physical Science, v. 242, no. 141, p. 9–11. 10.1038/physci242009a0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Breemen, O., Hutchinson, J., and Bowden, P., 1975, Age and origin of the Nigerian Mesozoic granites. A Rb-Sr isotopic study: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 50, no. 3, p. 157–172. 10.1007/BF00371037.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vasyukova, O., and Williams-Jones, A., 2020, Partial melting, fractional crystallisation, liquid immiscibility and hydrothermal mobilisation – a ‘recipe’ for the formation of economic A-type granite-hosted HFSE deposits: Lithos, v. 356–357, p. 105300. 10.1016/j.lithos.2019.105300.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vasyukova, O. and Williams-Jones, A.E. 2014, Fluoride–silicate melt immiscibility and its role in REE ore formation: Evidence from the Strange Lake rare metal deposit, québec-labrador, Canada. Geochimica et cosmochimica acta, v. 139, p. 110–130. 10.1016/j.gca.2014.04.031.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vincent, V.I., Li, H., Girei, M.B., Ahmed, H.A., and Etekim, E.E., 2021, Genesis and age of Pb−Zn mineralization from the Ningi-Burra ring complex, north central Nigeria: Constraints from zircon morphology, U−Pb dating and Lu−Hf isotopes: Lithos, v. 390–391, p. 106115. 10.1016/j.lithos.2021.106115.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vincent, V.I., Wang, L.X., Kamaunji, V.D., Zhu, Y.X., and Cao, L., 2022a, New geochronological and geochemical constraints on the banke, Dutsen Wai, Guraka, and Zuku alkaline granite complexes from the northcentral Nigerian younger granite province: International Geology Reviews, v. 65, no. 3, p. 416–441. 10.1080/00206814.2022.2051083.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vincent, V.I., Wang, L.X., Zhu, Y.X., Kamaunji, V.D., Ahmed, H.A., Ntekim, E.E., and Cao, L., 2022b, Onset of the anorogenic alkaline magmatism in the Nigerian younger granite province: Constraints from the daura and dutse complexes: Lithos, v. 410-411, p. 106561. 10.1016/j.lithos.2021.106561.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, L.X., Ma, C.Q., Zhang, C., Zhu, Y.X. and Marks, M.A. 2018, Halogen geochemistry of I-and A-type granites from Jiuhuashan region (South China): Insights into the elevated fluorine in A-type granite. Chemical Geology, v. 478, p. 164–182. 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2017.09.033.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, K., Wang, L.X., Ma, C.Q., Zhu, Y.X., She, Z.B., Deng, X., and Chen, Q., 2021, Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Zhuxi Nb-rich trachytic rocks, south Qinling (China): Insights into the niobium mineralization during magmatic-hydrothermalprocesses: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 138, p. 104346. 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2021.104346.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson, E.B., and Harrison, T.M., 1983, Zircon saturation revisited: Temperature and composition effects in a variety of crustal magma types: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 64, no. 2, p .295–304. 10.1016/0012-821x(83)90211-x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson, E.B., Wark, D.A., and Thomas, J.B., 2006, Crystallization thermometers for zircon and rutile: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 151, no. 4, p .413–433. 10.1007/s00410-006-0068-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webster, J.D., Baker, D.R., and Aiuppa, A., 2018 , Halogens in mafic and Intermediate-silica content magmas, in Harlov, D., and Aranovich, L.eds., The role of halogens in terrestrial and extraterrestrial geochemical processes: Springer Geochemistry. 10.1007/978-3-319-61667-4_6.
   Google Scholar
• Whalen, J.B., Currie, K.L., and Chappell, B.W., 1987, A-type granites; geochemical characteristics, discrimination and Petrogenesis: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 95, no. 4, p .407–419. 10.1007/bf00402202
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whalen, J.B., and Hildebrand, R.S., 2019, Trace element discrimination of arc, slab failure, and A-type granitic rocks: Lithos, v. 348–349, p. 105–179. 10.1016/j.lithos.2019.105179.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams-Jones, A.E., Migdisov, A.A., and Samson, I.M., 2012, Hydrothermal mobilisation of the rare Earth elements - a tale of “ceria” and “yttria”: Elements, v. 8, no. 5, p. 355–360. 10.2113/gselements.8.5.355.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright, J.B., 1973a, Continental drift, magmatic provinces and mantle: Nature, v. 244, no. 5418, p. 565–567. 10.1038/244565a0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, F., Liu, X., Ji, W., Wang, J., and Yang, L., 2017, Highly fractionated granites: Recognition and research: Science China Earth Sciences, v. 60, no. 7, p .1201–1219. 10.1007/s11430-016-5139-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao, W., Liu, C., Tan, K., Duan, X., Shi, K., Sui, Q., Feng, P., Sami, M., Ahmed, M.S., and Zi, F., 2023, Two distinct fractional crystallization mechanisms of A-Type granites in the Nanling range, south China: A case study of the Jiuyishan complex Massif and xianghualing intrusive stocks: Minerals, v. 13, no. 5, p .605. 10.3390/min13050605
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zartman, R.E., and Doe, B.R., 1981, Plumbotectonics—the model: Tectonophysics, v. 75, no. 1–2, p. 135–162. 10.1016/0040-1951(81)90213-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, L., Jiang, S.Y., Romer, R.L., and Su, H.M., 2023, Relative importance of magmatic and hydrothermal processes for economic Nb-Ta-W-Sn mineralization in a peraluminous granite system: The Zhaojinggou rare-metal deposit, northern China: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 135, no. 9–10, p. 2529–2553. 10.1130/B36503.1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, L., and Graham, I., 2016, Origin of the alkali tonsteins from southwest China: Implications for alkaline magmatism associated with the waning stages of the emeishan large igneous province: Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 63, no. 1, p .123–128. 10.1080/08120099.2016.1133456
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, Z., Yang, X., Lu, S., Lu, Y., Sun, C., Chen, S., Zhang, Z., Bute, S.I., and Zhao, L., 2021, Genesis of late Cretaceous granite and its related Nb–Ta–W mineralization in Shangbao, Nanling range: Insights from geochemistry of whole-rock and Nb–Ta minerals: Ore Geology Reviews, v. 131, p. 103975. 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2020.103975.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zindler, A., and Hart, S.R., 1986, Chemical geodynamics: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 14, no. 1, p. 493–571. 10.1146/annurev.ea.14.050186.002425.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar