938
Views
26
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

A New Hypnotic Technique for Treating Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Prospective Open Study

Eine neue Hypnosetechnik für die Behandlung gefechtsbezogener Posttraumatischer Belastungsstörung

Eitan G. Abramowitz und Pesach Lichtenberg

Une nouvelle technique hypnotique pour le traitement du de syndrome de stress post-traumatique lié au combat: Une étude ouverte prospective

Eitan G. Abramowitz et Pesach Lichtenberg

Una nueva técnica de hipnosis para tratar el trastorno por estrés postraumático relacionado con el combate: Un estudio prospectivo y abierto

Eitan G. Abramowitz y Pesach Lichtenberg

&
Pages 316-328 | Received 27 Jul 2009, Accepted 24 Nov 2009, Published online: 25 May 2010

References

  • Abramowitz , E. and Licthenberg , P. 2009 . Hypnotherapeutic olfactory conditioning (HOC): Case studies of needle phobia, panic disorder, and combat-induced PTSD . International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis , 57 : 184 – 197 .
  • American Psychiatric Association . 1994 . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders , 4th , Washington, DC : Author .
  • Aviv , A. , Dalia , G. , Gaby , G. and Kobi , P. 2008 . Examining hypnosis legislation: A survey of the practice in Israel . International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis , 56 : 47 – 62 .
  • Bandler , R. and Grinder , J. 1973 . Frogs into princes: Neuro- linguistic programming , Moab, UT : Real People .
  • Beck , A. T. , Ward , C. H. , Mendelson , M. , Mock , J. and Erbaugh , J. 1961 . An inventory for measuring depression . Archives of General Psychiatry , 4 : 561 – 571 .
  • Bernstein , E. M. and Putnam , F. W. 1986 . Development, reliability, and validity of a dissociation scale . Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases , 174 : 727 – 735 .
  • Breuer , J. and Freud , S. 1982 . Studies on hysteria , New York : Basic Books . Original work published 1895
  • Brom , D. , Kleber , R. J. and Defares , P. B. 1989 . Brief psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorders . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 57 : 607 – 612 .
  • Bryant , R. A. , Guthrie , R. M. , Moulds , M. L. , Nixon , R. D. and Felmingham , K. 2003 . Hypnotizability and posttraumatic stress disorder: A prospective study . International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis , 51 : 382 – 389 .
  • Cardeña , E. 2000 . Hypnosis in the treatment of trauma: A promising, but not fully supported, efficacious intervention . International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis , 48 : 225 – 238 .
  • Cardeña , E. , Maldonado , J. , van der Hart , O. and Spiegel , D. 2000 . “ Hypnosis ” . In Effective treatments for PTSD , Edited by: Foa , E. , Keane , T. and Friedman , M. 247 – 279 . New York : Guilford .
  • Cole , A. D. and Bond , N. W. 1983 . Olfactory aversion conditioning and overeating: A review and some data . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 57 : 667 – 678 .
  • Hagenaars , M. A. , van Minnen , A. and Hoogduin , K. A. 2007 . Peritraumatic psychological and somatoform dissociation in predicting PTSD symptoms: A prospective study . Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases , 195 : 952 – 954 .
  • Harvey , A. G. , Bryant , R. A. and Tarrier , N. 2003 . Cognitive behaviour therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder . Clinical Psychology Review , 23 : 501 – 522 .
  • Herz , R. S. and Cupchik , G. C. 1995 . The emotional distinctiveness of odor-evoked memories . Chemical Senses , 20 : 517 – 528 .
  • Herz , R. and Reich , E. 1995 . “ Commentary and envoi ” . In Memory for odors , Edited by: Schab , F. and Crowder , R. 159 – 175 . Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Ijzendoorn , M. V. and Schuengel , C. 1996 . The measurement of dissociation in normal and clinical populations: Meta-analytic validation of the dissociative experiences scale . Clinical Psychology Review , 16 : 365 – 382 .
  • Janet , P. 1889 . L'automatisme psychologique [Psychological Automatism] , Paris : F. Alcan .
  • Kline , N. A. and Rausch , J. L. 1985 . Olfactory precipitants of flashbacks in posttraumatic stress disorder: Case reports . Journal of Clinical Psychiatry , 46 : 383 – 384 .
  • Laws , D. R. 2001 . Olfactory aversion: Notes on procedure, with speculations on its mechanism of effect . Sexual Abuse , 13 : 275 – 287 .
  • Lichtenberg , P. , Shapira , H. , Kalish , Y. and Abramowitz , E. 2009 . Israeli norms for the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C . International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis , 57 : 227 – 237 .
  • Lynn , S. J. and Cardena , E. 2007 . Hypnosis and the treatment of posttraumatic conditions: An evidence-based approach . International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis , 55 : 167 – 188 .
  • Maylor , E. A. , Carter , S. M. and Hallett , E. L. 2002 . Preserved olfactory cuing of autobiographical memories in old age . The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences , 57 : P41 – P46 .
  • Otto , T. , Cousens , G. and Herzog , C. 2000 . Behavioral and neuropsychological foundations of olfactory fear conditioning . Behavioral Brain Research , 110 : 119 – 128 .
  • Rothbaum , B. O. and Schwartz , A. C. 2002 . Exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder . American Journal of Psychotherapy , 56 : 59 – 75 .
  • Sareen , J. , Cox , B. J. , Afifi , T. O. , Stein , M. B. , Belik , S. L. Meadows , G. 2007 . Combat and peacekeeping operations in relation to prevalence of mental disorders and perceived need for mental health care: Findings from a large representative sample of military personnel . Archives of General Psychiatry , 64 : 843 – 852 .
  • Solomon , Z. , Bleich , A. , Shoham , S. , Nardi , C. and Kotler , M. 1992 . The “Koach” project for treatment of combat related PTSD: Rationale, aims and methodology . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 5 : 175 – 193 .
  • Spiegel , D. , Hunt , T. and Dondershine , H. E. 1988 . Dissociation and hypnotizability in posttraumatic stress disorder . American Journal of Psychiatry , 145 : 301 – 305 .
  • Spiegel , H. and Spiegel , D. 1987 . Trance and treatment: Clinical uses of hypnosis , Washington, DC : American Psychiatric Press .
  • Stimpson , N. J. , Thomas , H. V. , Weightman , A. L. , Dunstan , F. and Lewis , G. 2003 . Psychiatric disorder in veterans of the Persian Gulf War of 1991: Systematic review . British Journal of Psychiatry , 182 : 391 – 403 .
  • Van der Velden , P. G. and Wittmann , L. 2008 . The independent predictive value of peritraumatic dissociation for PTSD symptomatology after type I trauma: A systematic review of prospective studies . Clinical Psychology Review , 28 : 1009 – 1020 .
  • Vermetten , E. and Bremner , J. D. 2003 . Olfaction as a traumatic reminder in posttraumatic stress disorder: Case reports and review . Journal of Clinical Psychiatry , 64 : 202 – 207 .
  • Vermetten , E. , Schmahl , C. , Southwick , S. M. and Bremner , J. D. 2007 . Positron tomographic emission study of olfactory induced emotional recall in veterans with and without combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder . Psychopharmacology Buletin , 40 : 8 – 30 .
  • Weiss , D. and Marmar , C. 1997 . “ The Impact of Event Scale-Revised ” . In Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD , Edited by: Wilson , J. and Keane , T. 399 – 411 . New York : Guilford .
  • Weitzenhoffer , A. and Hilgard , E. 1962 . Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C , Palo Alto, CA : Consulting Psychologists .
  • Zald , D. H. and Pardo , J. V. 1997 . Emotion, olfaction, and the human amygdala: Amygdala activation during aversive olfactory stimulation . Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the USA , 94 : 4119 – 4124 .
  • Zhang , W. and Davidson , J. R. 2007 . Post-traumatic stress disorder: An evaluation of existing pharmacotherapies and new strategies . Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy , 8 : 1861 – 1870 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.