1,640
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

The Effectiveness of Mindful Hypnotherapy on Depression, Self-Compassion, and Psychological Inflexibility in Females with Major Depressive Disorder: A Single-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 63-78 | Received 10 Jul 2022, Accepted 26 Oct 2022, Published online: 30 Jan 2023

References

  • Alladin, A. (2010). Evidence-based hypnotherapy for depression. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 58(2), 165–185. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207140903523194
  • Alladin, A., & Alibhai, A. (2007). Cognitive hypnotherapy for depression: An empirical investigation. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 55(2), 147–166. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207140601177897
  • A-tjak, J. G., Davis, M. L., Morina, N., Powers, M. B., Smits, J. A., & Emmelkamp, P. M. (2015). A meta-analysis of the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy for clinically relevant mental and physical health problems. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 84(1), 30–36. https://doi.org/10.1159/000365764
  • Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) (Vol. 10). Pearson.
  • Bohlmeijer, E. T., Fledderus, M., Rokx, T., & Pieterse, M. E. (2011). Efficacy of an early intervention based on acceptance and commitment therapy for adults with depressive symptomatology: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(1), 62–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.003
  • Bond, F. W., Hayes, S. C., Baer, R. A., Carpenter, K. M., Guenole, N., Orcutt, H. K., Waltz, T., & Zettle, R. D. (2011). Preliminary psychometric properties of the acceptance and action questionnaire–II: A revised measure of psychological inflexibility and experiential avoidance. Behavior Therapy, 42(4), 676–688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2011.03.007
  • Clarkin, J. F., Petrini, M., & Diamond, D. (2019). Complex depression: The treatment of major depression and severe personality pathology. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 75(5), 824–833. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22759
  • Dobbin, A., Maxwell, M., & Elton, R. (2009). A benchmarked feasibility study of a self-hypnosis treatment for depression in primary care. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 57(3), 293–318. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207140902881221
  • Ehret, A. M., Joormann, J., & Berking, M. (2015). Examining risk and resilience factors for depression: The role of self-criticism and self-compassion. Cognition & Emotion, 29(8), 1496–1504. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2014.992394
  • Eid, R. S., Gobinath, A. R., & Galea, L. A. (2019). Sex differences in depression: Insights from clinical and preclinical studies. Progress in Neurobiology, 176, 86–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.01.006
  • Elkins, G. R., Barabasz, A. F., Council, J. R., & Spiegel, D. (2015). Advancing research and practice: The revised APA Division 30 definition of hypnosis. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 63(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.01.006
  • Elkins, G. R., & Olendzki, N. P. (2018). Mindful hypnotherapy: The basics for clinical practice. Springer.
  • Fledderus, M., Bohlmeijer, E. T., Fox, J.-P., Schreurs, K. M., & Spinhoven, P. (2013). The role of psychological flexibility in a self-help acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for psychological distress in a randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 51(3), 142–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2012.11.007
  • Forman, E. M., Herbert, J. D., Moitra, E., Yeomans, P. D., & Geller, P. A. (2007). A randomized controlled effectiveness trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive therapy for anxiety and depression. Behavior Modification, 31(6), 772–799. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445507302202
  • Hayes, S., Strosahl, K., & Wilson, K. (1999). Acceptance and commitment therapy: An experiential approach to behavior change in acceptance and commitment therapy: An experiential approach to behavior change. Guilford.
  • Kessing, L., Hansen, M., Andersen, P., & Angst, J. (2004). The predictive effect of episodes on the risk of recurrence in depressive and bipolar disorders–a life-long perspective. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 109(5), 339–344. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1600-0447.2003.00266.x
  • Khanjani, S., Foroughi, A. A., Sadghi, K., & Bahrainian, S. A. (2016). Psychometric properties of Iranian version of Self-Compassion Scale (Short Form). Pajoohandeh Journal, 21(5), 282–289. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/jhsme.6.1.25
  • Krieger, T., Altenstein, D., Baettig, I., Doerig, N., & Holtforth, M. G. (2013). Self-compassion in depression: Associations with depressive symptoms, rumination, and avoidance in depressed outpatients. Behavior Therapy, 44(3), 501–513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2013.04.004
  • Levin, M. E., MacLane, C., Daflos, S., Seeley, J. R., Hayes, S. C., Biglan, A., & Pistorello, J. (2014). Examining psychological inflexibility as a transdiagnostic process across psychological disorders. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 3(3), 155–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2014.06.003
  • Luo, Y., Meng, R., Li, J., Liu, B., Cao, X., & Ge, W. (2019). Self-compassion may reduce anxiety and depression in nursing students: A pathway through perceived stress. Public Health, 174, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2019.05.015
  • MacBeth, A., & Gumley, A. (2012). Exploring compassion: A meta-analysis of the association between self-compassion and psychopathology. Clinical Psychology Review, 32(6), 545–552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2012.06.003
  • Marcus, S. M., Kerber, K. B., Rush, A. J., Wisniewski, S. R., Nierenberg, A., Balasubramani, G., Ritz, L., Kornstein, S., Young, E. A., & Trivedi, M. H. (2008). Sex differences in depression symptoms in treatment-seeking adults: Confirmatory analyses from the sequenced treatment alternatives to relieve depression study. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 49(3), 238–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2007.06.012
  • Milling, L. S., Valentine, K. E., McCarley, H. S., & LoStimolo, L. M. (2019). A meta-analysis of hypnotic interventions for depression symptoms: High hopes for hypnosis? American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 61(3), 227–243. https://doi.org/10.1080/00029157.2018.1489777
  • Murphy, J. A., Sarris, J., & Byrne, G. J. (2017). A review of the conceptualisation and risk factors associated with treatment-resistant depression. Depression Research and Treatment, 2017, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4176825
  • Neff, K. (2003). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2(2), 85–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309032
  • Neff, K., & Knox, M. C. (2016). Self-compassion. In V. Zeigler-Hill & T. K. Shackelford (Eds.), Encyclopedia of personality and individual differences (pp. 1–8). Springer International. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_1159-1
  • Niles, A. N., Burklund, L. J., Arch, J. J., Lieberman, M. D., Saxbe, D., & Craske, M. G. (2014). Cognitive mediators of treatment for social anxiety disorder: Comparing acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Behavior Therapy, 45(5), 664–677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2014.04.006
  • Olendzki, N., Elkins, G. R., Slonena, E., Hung, J., & Rhodes, J. R. (2020). Mindful hypnotherapy to reduce stress and increase mindfulness: A randomized controlled pilot study. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 68(2), 151–166. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207144.2020.1722028
  • Osman, A., Barrios, F. X., Gutierrez, P. M., Williams, J. E., & Bailey, J. (2008). Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory-II in nonclinical adolescent samples. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 64(1), 83–102. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20433
  • Papageorgiou, C., & Wells, A. (2004). Depressive rumination: Nature, theory and treatment. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Paulus, D. J., Vanwoerden, S., Norton, P. J., & Sharp, C. (2016). Emotion dysregulation, psychological inflexibility, and shame as explanatory factors between neuroticism and depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 190, 376–385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.10.014
  • Peltz, J. S., Rogge, R. D., Bodenlos, J. S., Kingery, J. N., & Pigeon, W. R. (2020). Changes in psychological inflexibility as a potential mediator of longitudinal links between college students’ sleep problems and depressive symptoms. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 15, 110–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.12.003
  • Pots, W., Trompetter, H. R., Schreurs, K. M., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2016). How and for whom does web-based acceptance and commitment therapy work? Mediation and moderation analyses of web-based ACT for depressive symptoms. BMC Psychiatry, 16(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-016-0841-6
  • Raes, F., Pommier, E., Neff, K. D., & Van Gucht, D. (2011). Construction and factorial validation of a short form of the Self-Compassion Scale. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 18(3), 250–255. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.702
  • Ramel, W., Goldin, P. R., Carmona, P. E., & McQuaid, J. R. (2004). The effects of mindfulness meditation on cognitive processes and affect in patients with past depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 28(4), 433–455. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:COTR.0000045557.15923.96
  • Ramondo, N., Gignac, G. E., Pestell, C. F., & Byrne, S. M. (2021). Clinical hypnosis as an adjunct to cognitive behavior therapy: An updated meta-analysis. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 69(2), 169–202. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207144.2021.1877549
  • Rubio, J. M., Markowitz, J. C., Alegría, A., Pérez-Fuentes, G., Liu, S. M., Lin, K. H., & Blanco, C. (2011). Epidemiology of chronic and nonchronic major depressive disorder: Results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. Depression and Anxiety, 28(8), 622–631. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20864
  • Shih, M., Yang, Y.-H., & Koo, M. (2009). A meta-analysis of hypnosis in the treatment of depressive symptoms: A brief communication. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 57(4), 431–442. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207140903099039
  • Slonena, E. E., & Elkins, G. R. (2021). Effects of a brief mindful hypnosis intervention on stress reactivity: A randomized active control study. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 69(4), 453–467. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207144.2021.1952845
  • Strauss, C., Cavanagh, K., Oliver, A., & Pettman, D. (2014). Mindfulness-based interventions for people diagnosed with a current episode of an anxiety or depressive disorder: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. PLoS One, 9(4), e96110. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0096110
  • Tyndall, I., Waldeck, D., Pancani, L., Whelan, R., Roche, B., & Dawson, D. L. (2019). The acceptance and action questionnaire-II (AAQ-II) as a measure of experiential avoidance: Concerns over discriminant validity. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 12, 278–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.09.005
  • Uchida, S., Hara, K., Kobayashi, A., Otsuki, K., Yamagata, H., Hobara, T., Suzuki, T., Miyata, N., & Watanabe, Y. (2011). Epigenetic status of Gdnf in the ventral striatum determines susceptibility and adaptation to daily stressful events. Neuron, 69(2), 359–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2010.12.023
  • Van Dam, N. T., Sheppard, S. C., Forsyth, J. P., & Earleywine, M. (2011). Self-compassion is a better predictor than mindfulness of symptom severity and quality of life in mixed anxiety and depression. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25(1), 123–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.08.011
  • Vandeleur, C. L., Fassassi, S., Castelao, E., Glaus, J., Strippoli, M.-P. F., Lasserre, A. M., Rudaz, D., Gebreab, S., Pistis, G., & Aubry, J.-M. (2017). Prevalence and correlates of DSM-5 major depressive and related disorders in the community. Psychiatry Research, 250, 50–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.01.060
  • World Health Organization. (2017). Depression and other common mental disorders: Global health estimates. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/254610
  • Yang, L., Zhao, Y., Wang, Y., Liu, L., Zhang, X., Li, B., & Cui, R. (2015). The effects of psychological stress on depression. Current Neuropharmacology, 13(4), 494–504. https://doi.org/10.2174/1570159x1304150831150507
  • Yapko, M. D. (2018). Trancework: An introduction to the practice of clinical hypnosis. Routledge.
  • Yasinski, C. W. (2016). Psychological flexibility, rumination, and avoidance as predictors of outcome in cognitive behavioral therapy for treatment-resistant major depressive disorder. University of Delaware.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.