Sulfuric acid aerosol formation by the reaction of HO radicals with SO₂

References

• Beilke , S. and Elshout , A. J. , eds. 1983 . “Acid deposition.” . D. Reidel Publishing Co. .
   Google Scholar
• Calvert , J. G. and Stockwell , W. R. 1983 . “Acid generation in the troposphere by gas phase chemistry” . Environ. Sci. and Tech. , 17 : 428A – 443A .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clavert , J. G. , ed. 1984 . “SO2 and NO2 oxidation mechanisms.” . Butterworth Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Harris , G. W. and Wayne , R. P. 1975 . “Reaction of hydroxyl radicals with NO, NO2 and SO2” . J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. I , 71 : 610 – 617 .
   Google Scholar
• Harris , G. W. , Atkinson , R. and Pitts , J. N. Jr. 1980 . “Temperature dependence of the reaction OH + SO2 + M ? HSO3 + M for M = Ar and SF6” . Chem. Phys. Lett. , 69 : 378 – 382 .
   Google Scholar
• Atkinson , R. , Perry , R. A. and Pitts , J. N. Jr. 1976 . “Rate constants for the reactions of the OH radical with NO2 (M = Ar and N2) and SO2 (M = Ar)” . J. Chem. Phys. , 65 : 306 – 310 .
   Google Scholar
• Davis , D. D. , Ravishankara , A. R. and Fischer , S. 1979 . “SO2 oxidation via the hydroxyl radical: atmospheric fate of HOSOX radicals” . Geophys. Res. Lett. , 6 : 113 – 116 .
   Google Scholar
• Leu , M‐T. 1982 . “Rate constants for the reaction of OH with SO2 at low pressure” . J. Phys. Chem. , 86 : 4558 – 4562 .
   Google Scholar
• Paraskevopoulos , G. , Singleton , D. L. and Irwin , R. S. 1983 . “Rates of OH radical reactions—the reaction OH + SO2 + N2” . Chem. Phys. Lett. , 100 : 83 – 87 .
   Google Scholar
• Wine , P. H. , Thompson , R. J. , Ravishankara , A. R. , Semmes , D. H. , Gump , C. A. , Torabi , A. and Nicovich , J. M. 1984 . “Kinetics of the reaction OH + SO2 + M ? HOSO2 + M. Temperature and pressure dependence in the falloff region” . J. Phys. Chem. , 88 : 2095 – 2104 .
   Google Scholar
• Cox , R. A. 1974 . “The photolysis of nitrous acid in the presence of carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide” . J. Photochem. , 3 : 291 – 304 .
   Google Scholar
• Castleman , A. W. Jr. and Tang , I. N. 1977 . “Kinetics of the association reaction of SO2 with the hydroxyl radical” . J. Photochem. , 6 : 349 – 354 .
   Google Scholar
• Calvert , J. G. and Stockwell , W. R. 1984 . “Mechanism and rates of the gas‐phase oxidations of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere” . In SO₂ and NO₂ oxidation mechanisms , Edited by: Calvert , J. G. 1 – 62 . Butterworth Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Cox , R. A. and Sheppard , D. 1980 . “Reactions of OH radicals with gaseous sulfur compounds” . Nature , 284 : 330 – 331 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Izumi , K. , Mizuochi , M. , Yoshioka , M. , Murano , K. and Fukuyama , T. 1984 . “Redetermination of the rate constant for the reaction of HO radicals with SO2” . Environ. Sci. and Tech. , 18 : 116 – 118 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Izumi , K. , Mizuochi , M. , Murano , K. , Ozaki , Y. and Fukuyama , T. “Humidity effects on photochemical aerosol formation in the C3H6‐NO‐SO2‐humid air system,” . to be published
   Google Scholar
• Blatt , A. H. , ed. 1966 . “Organic synthesis collect. Vol. II.” . 363 – 364 . Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Atkinson , R. , Carter , W. P. L. , Winer , A. M. and Pitts , J. N. Jr. 1981 . “An experimental protocol for the determination of OH radical rate constants with organics using methyl nitrite photolysis as an OH radical source” . J. Air Poll. Contr. Assoc. , 31 : 1091 – 1092 .
   Google Scholar
• Sera , G. J. , Agarwal , J. K. and McManus , C. E. 1979 . “New automated diffusion battery/condensation nucleus counter submicron sizing system: description and comparison with an electrical aerosol analyzer,” . In Advances in Particle Sampling and Measurement, EPA‐600/9–80–004 276 – 301 .
   Google Scholar
• Cadle , S. H. and Globlicki , P. J. 1982 . “An evaluation of methods for the determinatioin of organic and elemental carbon in particulate samples,” . In Particulate Carbon: Atmospheric Life Cycle , Edited by: Wolff , G. T. and Klimisch , R. L. 89 – 101 . Plenum Press .
   Google Scholar
• Cadle , S. H. , Groblicki , P. J. and Murawa , P. A. 1983 . “Problems in the sampling and analysis of carbon paniculate” . Atmos. Environ. , 17 : 593 – 600 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor , W. D. , Allston , T. D. , Moscato , M. J. , Fazekas , G. B. , Kozlowski , R. and Takacs , G. A. 1980 . “Atmospheric photodissociation lifetimes for nitromethane, methyl nitrite and methyl nitrate” . Int. J. Chem. Kinet. , 12 : 231 – 240 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atkinson , R. , Darnall , K. R. , Lloyd , A. C. , Winer , A. M. and Pitts , J. N. Jr. 1979 . “Kinetics and mechanisms of the reactions of the hydroxyl radical with organic compounds in the gas phase” . Adv. Photochem. , 11 : 375 – 488 .
   Google Scholar
• Perry , R. A. , Atkinson , R. and Pitts , J. N. Jr. 1976 . “Rate constants for the reaction of OH radicals with n‐butane over the temperature range 297–420 K” . J. Chem. Phys. , 64 : 5314 – 5316 .
   Google Scholar
• Graham , R. A. , Winer , A. M. , Atkinson , R. and Pitts , J. N. Jr. 1979 . “Rate constants for the reaction of HO2, SO2, CO, N2O, trans‐2‐butene, and 2,3‐dimethyl‐2‐butene at 300 K” . J. Phys. Chem. , 83 : 1563 – 1566 .
   Google Scholar
• Burrows , J. P. , Cliff , D. I. , Harris , G. W. , Thrush , B. A. and Wilkinson , J. P. T. 1979 . “Atmospheric reactions of the HO2 radical studied by laser magnetic resonance spectroscopy” . Proc. R. Soc. Lond. , A368 : 463 – 481 .
   Google Scholar
• Payne , W. A. , Stief , L. J. and Davis , D. D. 1973 . “A kinetic study of the reaction of HO2 with SO2 and NO” . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 95 : 7614 – 7619 .
   Google Scholar
• Kan , C. S. , Calvert , J. G. and Shaw , J. H. 1981 . “Oxidation of sulfur dioxide by methylperoxy radicals” . J. Phys. Chem. , 85 : 1126 – 1132 .
   Google Scholar
• Husar , R. B. and Whitby , K. T. 1973 . “Growth mechanisms and size spectra of photochemical aerosols” . Environ. Sci. and Tech. , 7 : 241 – 247 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kasahara , M. and Takahashi , K. 1976 . “Experimental studies on aerosol particle formation by sulfur dioxide” . Atmos. Environ. , 10 : 475 – 486 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMurry , P. H. and Friedlander , S. K. 1978 . “Aerosol formation in reacting gases: relation of surface area to rate of gas‐to‐particle conversion” . J. Colloid Int. Sci. , 64 : 248 – 257 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu , B. Y. H. , Pui , D. Y. H. , Whitby , K. T. , Kittelson , D. B. , Kousaka , Y. and McKenzie , R. L. 1978 . “The aerosol mobility chromatograph: a new detector for sulfuric acid aerosols” . Atmos. Environ. , 12 : 99 – 104 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bray , W. H. 1970 . “Water vapor pressure control with aqueous solutions of sulfuric acid” . J. Materials , 5 : 233 – 248 .
   Google Scholar