235
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Sharing suicidal thoughts in social networks: a multi-level perspective of disclosure among people with serious mental illness in India

ORCID Icon, &

References

  • Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior. In J. Kuhl & J. Beckmann (Eds.), Action control (pp. 11–39). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
  • Armstrong, G., & Samson, L. (2016). The imperative to integrate suicide prevention within community-based harm reduction programs for people who inject drugs: Informed by the situation in Delhi, India. International Journal of Drug Policy, 28, 133–135. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.08.014.
  • Armstrong, G., & Vijayakumar, L. (2018). Suicide in India: A complex public health tragedy in need of a plan. The Lancet Public Health, 3(10), e459–e460. doi:10.1016/S2468-2667(18)30142-7.
  • Badiye, A., Kapoor, N., & Ahmed, S. (2014). An empirical analysis of suicidal death trends in India: A 5 year retrospective study. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 27, 29–34. doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2014.07.007.
  • Bhatia, V., Garg, R., & Galhotra, A. (2012). Family and mental health in India. In B. S. Chavan, N. Gupta, A. Sidana, P. Arun, & S. Jadhav (Eds.), Community mental health in India (pp. 77–88). New Delhi, India: Jaypee Brothers, Medical Publishers.
  • Bhola, P., Rekha, D. P., Sathyanarayanan, V., Daniel, S., & Thomas, T. (2014). Self-reported suicidality and its predictors among adolescents from a pre-university college in Bangalore, India. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 7, 38–45. doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2013.10.003.
  • Boothroyd, R. A., & Chen, H. J. (2008). The psychometric properties of the Colorado Symptom Index. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 35(5), 370–378.
  • Brekke, J. S., Hoe, M., Long, J., & Green, M. F. (2007). How neurocognition and social cognition influence functional change during community-based psychosocial rehabilitation for individuals with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 33(5), 1247–1256. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbl072.
  • Chan, K. J., Kirkpatrick, H., & Brasch, J. (2017). The reasons to go on living project: Stories of recovery after a suicide attempt. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 14(3), 350–373. doi:10.1080/14780887.2017.1322649.
  • Colucci, E., Kelly, C. M., Minas, H., Jorm, A. F., & Chatterjee, S. (2010). Mental Health First Aid guidelines for helping a suicidal person: A Delphi consensus study in India. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 4(1), 4. doi:10.1186/1752-4458-4-4.
  • Cousins, S. (2016). Nepal’s silent epidemic of suicide. Lancet, 387(10013), 16. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01352-5.
  • Cukrowicz, K. C., Duberstein, P. R., Vannoy, S. D., Lin, E. H., & Unutzer, J. (2014). What factors determine disclosure of suicide ideation in adults 60 and older to a treatment provider? Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 44(3), 331–337.
  • De la Haye, K., Green, H. D., Jr, Kennedy, D. P., Zhou, A., Golinelli, D., Wenzel, S. L., & Tucker, J. S. (2012). Who is supporting homeless youth? Predictors of support in personal networks. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 22(4), 604–616. doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2012.00806.x.
  • Dongre, A. R., & Deshmukh, P. R. (2012). Farmers’ suicides in the Vidarbha region of Maharashtra, India: A qualitative exploration of their causes. Journal of Injury and Violence Research, 4(1), 2. doi:10.5249/jivr.v4i1.68.
  • Duffy, R. M., & Kelly, B. D. (2019). India’s Mental Healthcare Act, 2017: Content, context, controversy. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 62, 169–178. doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2018.08.002.
  • Encrenaz, G., Kovess-Masféty, V., Gilbert, F., Galéra, C., Lagarde, E., Mishara, B., & Messiah, A. (2012). Lifetime risk of suicidal behaviors and communication to a health professional about suicidal ideation. Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention, 33(3), 127.
  • Eskin, M. (2003). A cross‐cultural investigation of the communication of suicidal intent in Swedish and Turkish adolescents. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 44(1), 1–6. doi:10.1111/1467-9450.t01-1-00314.
  • Eskin, M., Palova, E., & Krokavcova, M. (2014). Suicidal behavior and attitudes in Slovak and Turkish high school students: A cross-cultural investigation. Archives of Suicide Research, 18(1), 58–73. doi:10.1080/13811118.2013.803448.
  • Eskin, M., Schild, A., Öncü, B., Stieger, S., & Voracek, M. (2015). A cross-cultural investigation of suicidal disclosures and attitudes in Austrian and Turkish university students. Death Studies, 39(10), 584–591. doi:10.1080/07481187.2015.1037971.
  • Etzersdorfer, E., Vijayakumar, L., Schöny, W., Grausgruber, A., & Sonneck, G. (1998). Attitudes towards suicide among medical students: Comparison between Madras (India) and Vienna (Austria). Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 33(3), 104–110. doi:10.1007/s001270050029.
  • Fairbank, R. E. (1932). Suicide: Possibilities of prevention by early recognition of some danger signals. Journal of the American Medical Association, 98(20), 1711–1714. doi:10.1001/jama.1932.02730460015006.
  • Feigelman, W., Cerel, J., McIntosh, J. L., Brent, D., & Gutin, N. (2018). Suicide exposures and bereavement among American adults: Evidence from the 2016 General Social Survey. Journal of Affective Disorders, 227, 1–6. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.09.056.
  • Frey, L. M., & Fulginiti, A. (2017). Talking about suicide may not be enough: family reaction as a mediator between disclosure and interpersonal needs. Journal of Mental Health, 26(4), 366–372. doi:10.1080/09638237.2017.1340592.
  • Frey, L. M., Fulginiti, A., Lezine, D., & Cerel, J. (2018). The decision-making process for disclosing suicidal ideation and behavior or family and friends. Family Relations, 67(3), 414–427.
  • Frey, L. M., Hans, J. D., & Cerel, J. (2016). Perceptions of suicide stigma: How do social networks and treatment providers compare?. Crisis, 37(2), 95–103. doi:10.1027/0227-5910/a000358.
  • Fulginiti, A., & Brekke, J. S. (2015). Escape from discrepancy: Self-esteem and quality of life as predictors of current suicidal ideation among individuals with schizophrenia. Community Mental Health Journal, 51(6), 654–662. doi:10.1007/s10597-015-9846-8.
  • Fulginiti, A., & Frey, L. M. (2018). Suicide attempt survivorship and designation as a concealable stigmatized identity. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services, 99(3), 193. doi:10.1177/1044389418781556.
  • Fulginiti, A., Pahwa, R., Frey, L. M., Rice, E., & Brekke, J. S. (2016). What factors influence the decision to share suicidal thoughts? A multilevel social network analysis of disclosure among individuals with serious mental illness. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 46(4), 398–412. doi:10.1111/sltb.12224.
  • Gupta, N., Singh, A., & Singh, R. A. (2015). Management of depression in India. SIS Journal of Projective Psychology & Mental Health, 22(2), 115–118.
  • Gupta, S. N., Gupta, N., Ahmed, N., & Gupta, S. (2015). Suicide and its public health importance in India. Family Medicine & Medical Science Research, 4(3), 1–3.
  • Kar, N. (2010). Profile of risk factors associated with suicide attempts: A study from Orissa, India. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 52(1), 48. doi:10.4103/0019-5545.58895.
  • Kjellin, L., & Östman, M. (2005). Relatives of psychiatric inpatients–do physical violence and suicide attempts of patients influence family burden and participation in care? Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 59(1), 7–11. doi:10.1080/08039480510018850.
  • Lakeman, R., & Fitzgerald, M. (2009). Ethical suicide research: A survey of researchers. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 18(1), 10–17. doi:10.1111/j.1447-0349.2008.00569.x.
  • Lin, K., & Kleinman, A. M. (1988). Psychopathology and clinical course of schizophrenia: A cross-cultural perspective. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 14(4), 555–567. doi:10.1093/schbul/14.4.555.
  • Longanathan, S., & Murthy, S. (2008). Experiences of stigma and discrimination endured by people suffering from schizophrenia. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 50, 39–46. doi:10.4103/0019-5545.39758.
  • Maas, C. J., & Hox, J. J. (2005). Sufficient sample sizes for multilevel modeling. Methodology: European Journal of Research Methods for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, 1(3), 86.
  • Magne-Ingvar, U., & Öjehagen, A. (1999). One-year follow-up of significant others of suicide attempters. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 34(9), 470–476.
  • Martin, J. S., Ghahramanlou-Holloway, M., Englert, D. R., Bakalar, J. L., Olsen, C., Nademin, E. M., … Branlund, S. (2013). Marital status, life stressor precipitants, and communications of distress and suicide intent in a sample of United States Air Force suicide decedents. Archives of Suicide Research, 17(2), 148–160. doi:10.1080/13811118.2013.776456.
  • Narayan, C. L., & John, T. (2017). The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016: Does it address the needs of the persons with mental illness and their families. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 59(1), 17–20. doi:10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_75_17.
  • Osvath, P., Michel, K., & Fekete, S. (2003). Contacts of suicide attempters with healthcare services in Pecs and Bern in the WHO/EURO Multicentre Study on Parasuicide. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 7(1), 3–8. doi:10.1080/13651500310001004.
  • Pahwa, R. (2013). Community integration of individuals with serious mental illness: A network perspective from India and the United States. Los Angeles, CA: University of Southern California.
  • Pahwa, R., & Kriegel, L. (2018). Psychological community integration of individuals with serious mental illness. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 206(6), 410–416. doi:10.1097/NMD.0000000000000829.
  • Pahwa, R., Fulginiti, A., Brekke, B., & Rice, E. (2017). Mental health disclosure decision making. Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 87(5), 575-584. doi:10.1037/ort0000250
  • Patel, V., Ramasundarahettige, C., Vijayakumar, L., Thakur, J. S., Gajalakshmi, V., Gururaj, G., … Jha, P. (2012). Suicide mortality in India: A nationally representative survey. The Lancet, 379(9834), 2343–2351. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60606-0.
  • Paul, S. (2018). Are we doing enough? Stigma, discrimination and human rights violations of people living with schizophrenia in India: Implications for social work practice. Social Work in Mental Health, 16(2), 145–171. doi:10.1080/15332985.2017.1361887.
  • Pompili, M., Murri, M. B., Patti, S., Innamorati, M., Lester, D., Girardi, P., & Amore, M. (2016). The communication of suicidal intentions: A meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine, 46(11), 2239–2253. doi:10.1017/S0033291716000696.
  • Poreddi, V., Thimmaiah, R., Ramu, R., Selvi, S., Gandhi, S., & Math, S. B. (2016). Gender differences related to attitudes toward suicide and suicidal behavior. Community Mental Health Journal, 52(2), 228–232.
  • Quinn, D. M., & Earnshaw, V. A. (2013). Concealable stigmatized identities and psychological well-being. Social and personality psychology compass, 7(1), 40–51. doi:10.1111/spc3.12005.
  • Rice, E. (2010). The positive role of social networks and social networking technology in the condom-using behaviors of homeless young people. Public Health Reports, 125(4), 588–595.
  • Rice, E., Comulada, S., Green, S., Arnold, E. M., & Rotheram-Borus, M. J. (2009). Differential disclosure across social network ties among women living with HIV. AIDS and Behavior, 13(6), 1253. doi:10.1007/s10461-009-9554-x.
  • Rice, E., Holloway, I. W., Barman-Adhikari, A., Fuentes, D., Brown, C. H., & Palinkas, L. A. (2014). A mixed methods approach to network data collection. Field Methods, 26(3), 252–268. doi:10.1177/1525822X13518168.
  • Rimkeviciene, J., Hawgood, J., O’Gorman, J., & De Leo, D. (2015). Personal stigma in suicide attempters. Death Studies, 39(10), 592–599. doi:10.1080/07481187.2015.1037972.
  • Ritsher, J., B., Otilingam, P. G., & Grajales, M. (2003). Internalized stigma of mental illness: Psychometric properties of a new measure. Psychiatry Research, 121(1), 31–49. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2003.08.008.
  • Ritsher, J. B., & Phelan, J. C. (2004). Internalized stigma predicts erosion of morale among psychiatric outpatients. Psychiatry research, 129(3), 257–265.
  • Rudestam, K. E. (1971). Stockholm and Los Angeles: A cross-cultural study of the communication of suicidal intent. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 36(1), 82. doi:10.1037/h0030492.
  • Scherbaum, C. A., & Ferreter, J. M. (2009). Estimating statistical power and required sample sizes for organizational research using multilevel modeling. Organizational Research Methods, 12(2), 347–367.
  • Schreier, S.-S., Heinrichs, N., Alden, L., Rapee, R. M., Hofmann, S. G., Chen, J., … Bögels, S. (2010). Social anxiety and social norms in individualistic and collectivistic countries. Depression and Anxiety, 27(12), 1128–1134. doi:10.1002/da.20746.
  • Shakya, H. B., Christakis, N. A., & Fowler, J. H. (2017). An exploratory comparison of name generator content: Data from rural India. Social Networks, 48, 157–168. doi:10.1016/j.socnet.2016.08.008.
  • Sherbourne, C. D., & Stewart, A. L. (1991). The MOS social support survey. Social Science & Medicine (1982), 32(6), 705–714. doi:10.1016/0277-9536(91)90150-b.
  • Shern, D., Lee, B., & Coen, A. (1996). The Colorado Symptom Inventory: A self-report measure for psychiatric symptoms. Tampa, FL: Louis De La Parte Florida Mental Health Institute.
  • Singh, S., Manjula, M., & Philip, M. (2012). Suicidal risk and childhood adversity: A study of Indian college students. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 5(2), 154–159.
  • Snijders, T., Spreen, M., & Zwaagstra, R. (1995). The use of multilevel modeling for analysing personal networks: Networks of cocaine users in an urban area. Journal of Quantitative Anthropology, 5, 85–105.
  • StataCorp. (2015). Stata Statistical Software: Release 14. College Station, TX: StataCorp LP.
  • Thara, R., Padmavati, R., Aynkran, J. R., & John, S. (2008). Community mental health in India: A rethink. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 2(1), 11. doi:10.1186/1752-4458-2-11.
  • Thoits, P. A. (2011). Mechanisms linking social ties and support to physical and mental health. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 52(2), 145–161. doi:10.1177/0022146510395592.
  • Tidemalm, D., Langstrom, N., Lichtenstein, P., & Runeson, B. (2008). Risk of suicide after suicide attempt according to coexisting psychiatric disorder: Swedish cohort study with long term follow-up. BMJ, 337(nov18 3), a2205. doi:10.1136/bmj.a2205.
  • Tousignant, M., Seshadri, S., & Raj, A. (1998). Gender and suicide in India: A multiperspective approach. Suicide Life-Threat Behav, 28(1), 50–61.
  • Valente, T. W. (2010). Social networks and health: Models, methods, and applications. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • World Health Organization (2018). Suicide. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/suicide.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.