References
- Needle AR, Baumeister J, Kaminski TW, et al. Neuromechanical coupling in the regulation of muscle tone and joint stiffness. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2014;24(5):737–748.
- Nielsen JB, Sinkjaer T. Afferent feedback in the control of human gait. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2002;12(3):213–217.
- Needle AR, Charles BBS, Farquhar WB, et al. Muscle spindle traffic in functionally unstable ankles during ligamentous stress. J Athl Train. 2013;48(2):192–202.
- McVey ED, Palmieri RM, Docherty CL, et al. Arthrogenic muscle inhibition in the leg muscles of subjects exhibiting functional ankle instability. Foot Ankle Int. 2005;26(12):1055–1061.
- Heroux ME, Tremblay F. Corticomotor excitability associated with unilateral knee dysfunction secondary to anterior cruciate ligament injury. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthr. 2006;14(9):823–833.
- Baumeister J. Sensorimotor control and associated brain activity in sports medicine research. Paderborn: Universitat Paderborn; 2013. p. 237.
- Riemann BL, Myers JB, Lephart SM. Sensorimotor system measurement techniques. J Athl Train. 2002;37(1):85–98.
- Needle AR, Kaminski TW, Baumeister J, et al. The relationship between joint stiffness and muscle activity in unstable ankles and copers. J Sport Rehabil. 2017;26(1):15–25.
- Gandevia SC, Hales JP. The methodology and scope of human microneurography. J Neurosci Methods. 1997;74(2):123–136.
- Johansson H. Role of knee ligaments in proprioception and regulation of muscle stiffness. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 1991;1(3):158–179.
- Pfurtscheller G, Lopes da Silva FH. Event-related EEG/MEG synchronization and desynchronization: basic principles. Clin Neurophysiol. 1999;110(11):1842–1857.
- Needle AR, Swanik CB, Schubert M, et al. Decoupling of laxity and cortical activation in functionally unstable ankles during joint loading. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2014;114(10):2129–2138.
- Basmajian JV. Electromyography: its structural and neural basis. Int Rev Cytol. 1967;21:129–140.
- Hallett M. Transcranial magnetic stimulation: a primer. Neuron. 2007;55(2):187–199.
- Schieppati M. The Hoffman reflex: a means of assessing spinal reflex excitability and its descending control in man. Prog Neurobiol. 1987;28:345–376.
- Needle AR, Lepley AS, Grooms DR. Central nervous system adaptation after ligamentous injury: a summary of theories, evidence, and clinical interpretation. Sports Med. 2017;47(7):1271–1288.
- Rossi S, Hallett M, Rossini PM, et al. Safety, ethical considerations, and application guidelines for the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation in clinical practice and research. Clin Neurophysiol. 2009;120(12):2008–2039.
- Nunez PL, Srinivasan R. A theoretical basis for standing and traveling brain waves measured with human EEG with implications for an integrated consciousness. Clin Neurophysiol. 2006;117(11):2424–2435.
- Hagbarth KE, Burke D. Microneurography in man. Acta Neurol (Napoli). 1977;32(1):30–34.
- Burke D. Unit identification, sampling bias and technical issues in microneurographic recordings from muscle spindle afferents. J Neurosci Methods. 1997;74(2):137–144.
- Delagi EF, Iazetti J, Perotto AO, et al. Anatomical guide for the electromyographyer: the limbs and trunk. 5th ed. Springfield (IL): Charles C. Thomas Ltd; 2011.
- Stirling AM, McBride JM, Merritt EK, et al. Nervous system excitability and joint stiffness following short-term dynamic ankle immobilization. Gait Posture. 2017;59(Supplement C):46–52.
- Hoffman MA, Palmieri RM, Ingersoll CD. Simulatneous Hoffmann reflex measurements in multiple muscles around the ankle. Int J Neurosci. 2003;113:39–46.
- Carroll TJ, Riek S, Carson RG. Reliability of the input–ouput properties of the cortico–spinal pathway obtained from transcranial magnetic and electrical stimulation. J Neurosci Methods. 2001;11(2):193–202.
- Needle AR, Palmer JA, Kesar TM, et al. Brain regulation of muscle tone in healthy and functionally unstable ankles. J Sport Rehabil. 2013;22(3):202–211.
- Eckberg DL, Wallin BG, Fagius J, et al. Prospective study of symptoms after human microneurography. Acta Physiol Scand. 1989;137(4):567–569.
- Devanne H, Lavoie BA, Capaday C. Input–output properties and gain changes in the human corticospinal pathway. Exp Brain Res. 1997;114(2):329–338.
- Ribot-Ciscar E, Hospod V, Roll JP, et al. Fusimotor drive may adjust muscle spindle feedback to task requirements in humans. J Neurophysiol. 2009;101(2):633–640.
- Hospod V, Aimonetti JM, Roll JP, et al. Changes in human muscle spindle sensitivity during a proprioceptive attention task. J Neurosci. 2007;27(19):5172–5178.
- Ridding MC, Sheean G, Rothwell JC, et al. Changes in the balance between motor cortical excitation and inhibition in focal, task specific dystonia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat. 1995;59(5):493–498.
- Trompetto C, Avanzino L, Marinelli L, et al. Corticospinal excitability in patients with secondary dystonia due to focal lesions of the basal ganglia and thalamus. Clin Neurophysiol. 2012;123(4):808–814.
- Werhahn KJ, Mortensen J, Kaelin-Lang A, et al. Cortical excitability changes induced by deafferentation of the contralateral hemisphere. Brain. 2002;125(Pt 6):1402–1413.
- Pfurtscheller G, Brunner C, Schlogl A, et al. Mu rhythm (de)synchronization and EEG single-trial classification of different motor imagery tasks. Neuroimage. 2006;31(1):153–159.
- Martinez-Jauand M, Gonzalez-Roldan AM, Munoz MA, et al. Somatosensory activity modulation during observation of other's pain and touch. Brain Res. 2012;1467:48–55.
- Ziemann U, Corwell B, Cohen LG. Modulation of plasticity in human motor cortex after forearm ischemic nerve block. J Neurosci. 1998;18(3):1115–1123.
- Kim K-M, Ingersoll CD, Hertel J. Altered postural modulation of Hoffmann reflex in the soleus and fibularis longus associated with chronic ankle instability. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2012;22(6):997–1002.