Helicobacter pylori infection in migraine headache: a true association or an innocent bystander?

References

• Steiner TJ, Stovner LJ, Birbeck GL. Migraine: the seventh disabler. J Headache Pain. 2013;14:1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wöber-Bingöl C. Epidemiology of migraine and headache in children and adolescents. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2013;17(6):341.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deleu D, Hanssens Y, Worthing EA. Symptomatic and prophylactic treatment of migraine: a critical reappraisal. Clin Neuropharmacol. 1998;21(5):267–279.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Hemert S, Breedveld AC, Rovers JM, et al. Migraine associated with gastrointestinal disorders: review of the literature and clinical implications. Front Neurol. 2014;5(241):241.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parkman HP. Migraine and gastroparesis from a gastroenterologist’s perspective. Headache. 2013;53 (Suppl 1):4–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurth T, Holtmann G, Neufang-Hüber J, et al. Prevalence of unexplained upper abdominal symptoms in patients with migraine. Cephalalgia. 2006;26(5):506–510.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole JA, Rothman KJ, Cabral HJ, et al. Migraine, fibromyalgia, and depression among people with IBS: a prevalence study. BMC Gastroenterol. 2006;6:26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Affaitati G, Costantini R, Tana C, et al. Co-occurrence of pain syndromes. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2020;127(4):625–646.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ford S, Finkel AG, Isaacs KL. Migraine in patients with inflammatory bowel disorders. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2009;43(5):499.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mormile R. Celiac disease and migraine: is there a common backstage? Int J Colorectal Dis. 2014;29(12):1571.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torres J, Lopez L, Lazcano E, et al. Trends in Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric cancer in Mexico. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005;14(8):1874–1877.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alakkari A, Zullo A, O’Connor HJ. Helicobacter pylori and nonmalignant diseases. Helicobacter. 2011;16:33–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malfertheiner MV, Kandulski A, Schreiber J, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection and the respiratory system: a systematic review of the literature. Digestion. 2011;84(3):212–220.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugimoto M, Yamaoka Y. Review of Helicobacter pylori infection and chronic renal failure. Ther Apher Dial. 2011;15(1):1–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suzuki H, Franceschi F, Nishizawa T, et al. Extragastric manifestations of Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter. 2011;16:65–69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciancarelli I, Di Massimo C, Tozzi-Ciancarelli MG, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection and migraine. Cephalalgia. 2002;22(3):222–225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakhshipour A, Momeni M, Ramroodi N. Effect of Helicobacter pylori treatment on the number and severity of migraine attacks. Zahedan J Res Med Sci. 2012;14:6–8.
   Google Scholar
• Arnold M. Headache classification committee of the international headache society (IHS) the international classification of headache disorders. Cephalalgia. 2018;38(1):1–211.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart WF, Lipton RB, Dowson AJ, et al. Development and testing of the migraine disability assessment (MIDAS) questionnaire to assess headache-related disability. Neurology. 2001;56(6 Suppl 1):S20–S8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faiz KW. VAS-visual analog scale. Tidsskr nor Laegeforen. 2014;134(3):323.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kazemi S, Tavakkoli H, Habizadeh MR, et al. Diagnostic values of Helicobacter pylori diagnostic tests: stool antigen test, urea breath test, rapid urease test, serology, and histology. J Res Med Sci. 2011;16(9):1097–1104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Su J, Zhou XY, Zhang GX. Association between Helicobacter pylori infection and migraine: a Meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(40):14965–14972.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinessi L, Savi L, Pellicano R, et al. Chronic Helicobacter pylori infection and migraine: a case-control study. Headache. 2000;40(10):836–839.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ansari B, Basiri K, Meamar R, et al. Association of Helicobacter pylori antibodies and severity of migraine attack. Iran J Neurol. 2015;14(3):125–129.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gasbarrini A, Gabrielli M, Fiore G, et al. Association between Helicobacter pylori cytotoxic type I. A positive strains and migraine with aura. Cephalagia. 2001;120:561–562.
   Google Scholar
• Faraji F, Zarinfar N, Zanjani AT, et al. The effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on migraine: a randomized, double blind, controlled trial. Pain Physician. 2012;15:495–498.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yiannopoulou KG, Efthymiou A, Karydakis K, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection as an environmental risk factor for migraine without aura. J Headache Pain. 2007;8(6):329–333.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sillanpää M, Saarinen M. Infantile colic associated with childhood migraine: a prospective cohort study. Cephalalgia. 2015;35(14):1246–1251.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salmon MA. Migraine in childhood. Nurs Mirror. 1977;145(6):16–17.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mavromichalis I. The role of Helicobacter pylori infection in migraine. Cephalalgia. 2003;23(3):240.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asghar MS, Hansen AE, Amin FM, et al. Evidence for a vascular factor in migraine. Ann Neurol. 2011;69(4):635–645.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimada T, Terano A. Chemokine expression in Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric mucosa. J Gastroenterol. 1998;33(5):613–617.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friberg L, Olesen J, Lassen NA, et al. Cerebral oxygen extraction, oxygen consumption, and regional cerebral blood flow during the aura phase of migraine. Stroke. 1994;25(5):974–979.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romanello S, Spiri D, Marcuzzi E, et al. Association between childhood migraine and history of infantile colic. JAMA. 2013;309(15):1607–1612.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holtmann G, Goebell H, Talley J. Impaired small intestinal peristaltic reflexes and sensory thresholds are independent functional disturbances in patients with chronic unexplained dyspepsia. Am J Gastroenterol. 1996;91(3):485–491.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sicuteri F, Nicolodi M. Visceral and somatic profiles of needless pain and nonpainful sensations in idiopathic headache. Clin J Pain. 1991;7(Suppl 1):S38–S43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tajti J, Uddman R, Edvinsson L. Neuropeptide localization in the "migraine generator" region of the human brainstem. Cephalalgia. 2001;21(2):96–101.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaneko H, Mitsuma T, Uchida K, et al. Immunoreactive-somatostatin, substance P, and calcitonin gene-related peptide concentrations of the human gastric mucosa in patients with nonulcer dyspepsia and peptic ulcer disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 1993;88(6):898–904.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tokola RA. The effect of metoclopramide and prochlorperazine on the absorption of effervescent paracetamol in migraine. Cephalalgia. 1988;8(3):139–147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tokola RA, Kangasniemi P, Neuvonen PJ, et al. Tolfenamic acid, metoclopramide, caffeine and their combinations in the treatment of migraine attacks. Cephalalgia. 1984;4(4):253–263.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lance JW, Anthony M. Some clinical aspects of migraine. Arch Neurol. 1966;15(4):356–361.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Caselli M, Chiamenti CM, Soriani S, et al. Migraine in children and Helicobacter pylori. Am J Gastroenterol. 1999;94(4):1116–1118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Savi L, Pellicano R, Rainero I, et al. Helicobacter pylori eradication and migraine. Cephalalgia. 2000;20:346–347.
   Google Scholar