2,656
Views
97
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

State of the art review of quality, reliability and maintenance issues in closed-loop supply chains with remanufacturing

, , &
Pages 1277-1296 | Received 15 Dec 2015, Accepted 29 May 2016, Published online: 30 Jun 2016

References

  • Agarwal, G., S. Barari, and M. Tiwari. 2012. “A PSO-based Optimum Consumer Incentive Policy for WEEE Incorporating Reliability of Components.” International Journal of Production Research 50 (16): 4372–4380. [1]
  • Ait-Kadi, D., C. Beaucaire, and R. Cléroux. 1990. “A Periodic Maintenance Model with Used Equipment and Random Minimal Repair.” Naval Research Logistics (NRL) 37 (6): 855–865. [2]
  • Aksezer, C. S. 2011. “Failure Analysis and Warranty Modeling of Used Cars.” Engineering Failure Analysis 18 (6): 1520–1526. [3]
  • Anityasari, M., and H. Kaebernick. 2008. “A Concept of Reliability Evaluation for Reuse and Remanufacturing.” International Journal of Sustainable Manufacturing 1 (1–2): 3–17. [4]
  • Anityasari, M., and H. Kaebernick. 2008. “A Generic Methodology to Assess Quality and Reliability in the Reuse Strategy.” In LCE 2008: 15th CIRP International Conference on Life Cycle Engineering: Conference Proceedings, 173–178. CIRP. [5]
  • Aras, N., T. Boyaci, and V. Verter. 2004. “The Effect of Categorizing Returned Products in Remanufacturing.” IIE Transactions 36 (4): 319–331. [6]
  • Baker, R. 2006. “Process Safety Concerns Can Arise When Using Refurbished or New-surplus Equipment.” Hydrocarbon Processes 85 (11): 73–80. [7]
  • Barquet, A. P., H. Rozenfeld, and F. A. Forcellini. 2013. “An Integrated Approach to Remanufacturing: Model of a Remanufacturing System.” Journal of Remanufacturing 3 (1): 1–11. [8]
  • Behdad, S., and D. Thurston. 2011. “A Markov Chain Model to Maximize Revenue by Varying Refurbished Product Upgrade Levels.” In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences (IDETC) and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (CIE), 951–959, Washington, DC. [9]
  • Behdad, S., and D. Thurston. 2012. “Disassembly and Reassembly Sequence Planning Tradeoffs under Uncertainty for Product Maintenance.” Journal of Mechanical Design 134 (4): 1004–1011. [10]
  • Bhakthavatchalam, S., C. Diallo, U. Venkatadri, and A. Khatab. 2015. “Quality, Reliability, Maintenance Issues in Closed-loop Supply Chains: A Review.” IFAC-PapersOnLine 48 (3): 460–465. 15th IFAC Symposium on Information Control Problems in Manufacturing INCOM 2015. [11]
  • Boudhar, H., M. Dahane, and N. Rezg. 2014. “New Dynamic Heuristic for the Optimization of Opportunities to Use New and Remanufactured Spare Part in Stochastic Degradation Context.” Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing: 1–18. doi: 10.1007/s10845-014-0989-1. [12]
  • Boyer, J. R. 2006. “What Will it Take to Deliver a Zero-to-landfill Product?” In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, 215–226. Chicago, IL: ASME. [13]
  • Chari, N. 2015. “Thematic Development of Recovery, Remanufacturing, and Support Models for Sustainable Supply Chains.” PhD thesis, Dalhousie University, Halifax. [14]
  • Chari, N., C. Diallo, and U. Venkatadri. 2013. “Optimal Unlimited Free-replacement Warranty Strategy Using Reconditioned Products.” International Journal of Performability Engineering 9 (2): 191–200. [15]
  • Chari, N., C. Diallo, and U. Venkatadri. 2014. “State of the Art on Performability Across the Sustainable Value Chain.” International Journal of Performability Engineering 10 (6): 543–556. [16]
  • Chari, N., C. Diallo, U. Venkatadri, and D. Aït-Kadi. 2016. “Production Planning in the Presence of Remanufactured Spare Components: An Application in the Airline Industry.” The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology: 1–12. doi:10.1007/s00170-016-8520-9. [17]
  • Chattopadhyay, G., and D. Murthy. 2001. “Cost Sharing Warranty Policies for Second-hand Products.” International Transportation Operations Research 8 (1): 47–60. [18]
  • Chattopadhyay, G., and A. Rahman. 2008. “Development of Lifetime Warranty Policies and Models for Estimating Costs.” Reliability Engineering and System Safety 93 (4): 522–529. [19]
  • Chen, Y.-L. 2012. “A Bivariate Optimal Imperfect Preventive Maintenance Policy for a Used System with Two-type Shocks.” Computers & Industrial Engineering 63 (4): 1227–1234. [20]
  • Chukova, S., and M. Shafiee. 2013. “One-dimensional Warranty Cost Analysis for Second-hand Items: An Overview.” International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 30 (3): 239–255. [21]
  • Dahane, M., M. Sahnoun, B. Bettayeb, D. Baudry, and H. Boudhar. 2015. “Impact of Spare Parts Remanufacturing on the Operation and Maintenance Performance of Offshore Wind Turbines: A Multi-agent Approach.” Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing: 1–19. doi: 10.1007/s10845-015-1154-1. [22]
  • Darghouth, M., A. Chelbi, and D. Ait-kadi. 2015. “On Reliability Improvement of Second-hand Products.” IFAC-PapersOnLine 48 (3): 2158–2163. 15th IFAC Symposium on Information Control Problems in Manufacturing INCOM 2015. [23]
  • Das, S. K., P. Yedlarajiah, and R. Narendra. 2000. “An Approach for Estimating the End-of-life Product Disassembly Effort and Cost.” International Journal of Production Research 38 (3): 657–673. [24]
  • Diallo, C., D. Ait-Kadi, and U. Venkatadri. 2014. “Reliability Analysis and Optimal Mixture Strategy for a Lot Composed of New and Reconditioned Systems.” International Journal of Performability Engineering 10 (6): 557–566. [25]
  • Dindarian, A., A. Gibson, and J. Quariguasi-Frota-Neto. 2012. “Electronic Product Returns and Potential Reuse Opportunities: A Microwave Case Study in the United Kingdom.” Journal of Cleaner Production 32: 22–31. [26]
  • Dowlatshahi, S. 2000. “Developing a Theory of Reverse Logistics.” Interfaces 30 (3): 143–155. [27]
  • Fang, H., S. Ong, and A. Nee. 2015. “Use of Embedded Smart Sensors in Products to Facilitate Remanufacturing.” In Handbook of Manufacturing Engineering and Technology, edited by A. Nee, 3265–3290. London: Springer. [28]
  • Galbreth, M. R., and J. D. Blackburn. 2006. “Optimal Acquisition and Sorting Policies for Remanufacturing.” Production & Operations Management 15 (3): 384–392. [29]
  • Ghayebloo, S., M. J. Tarokh, U. Venkatadri, and C. Diallo. 2015. “Developing a Bi-objective Model of the Closed-loop Supply Chain Network with Green Supplier Selection and Disassembly of Products: The Impact of Parts Reliability and Product Greenness on the Recovery Network.” Journal of Manufacturing Systems 36: 76–86. [30]
  • Godichaud, M., F. Peres, V. Gonzalez, A. Tchangani, A. Crespo, and E. Villeneuve. 2011. “Integration of Warranty as a Decision Variable in the Process of Recertification of Parts Resulting from End-of-life System Dismantling.” In 2011 IEEE International Conference on Quality and Reliability (ICQR), 156–160, Bangkok, Thailand. [31]
  • Griese, H., H. Poetter, K. Schischke, O. Ness, and H. Reichl. 2004. “Reuse and Lifetime Extension Strategies in the Context of Technology Innovations, Global Markets, and Environmental Legislation [Electronics].” In Electronics and the Environment, 2004, 173–178. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE. [32]
  • Guide Jr, V. D. R., R. H. Teunter, and L. N. Van Wassenhove. 2003. “Matching Demand and Supply to Maximize Profits from Remanufacturing.” Manufacturing & Service Operations Management 5 (4): 303–316. [33]
  • Hu, Y., S. Liu, H. Lu, and H. Zhang. 2014. “Remaining Useful Life Assessment and its Application in the Decision for Remanufacturing.” Procedia CIRP 15: 212–217. 21st CIRP Conference on Life Cycle Engineering. [34]
  • Huang, L. 2010. “Incentive Mechanism Design to the Electronic Products Reverse Supply Chain of Remanufacture Considering the Uncertainty Quality.” In 2010 Second International Conference on Communication Systems, Networks and Applications (ICCSNA), vol. 2, 379–382. Hong Kong, China: IEEE. [35]
  • Huang, W., and R. G. Askin. 2003. “Reliability Analysis of Electronic Devices with Multiple Competing Failure Modes Involving Performance Aging Degradation.” Quality Reliability Engineering International 19 (3): 241–254. [36]
  • Jiang, R., and Y. Guo. 2014. “Estimating Failure Intensity of a Repairable System to Decide on its Preventive Maintenance or Retirement.” International Journal of Performability Engineering 10 (6): 577–588. [37]
  • Jiang, Z., L. Shu, and B. Benhabib. 1999. “Steady-state Reliability Analysis of Repairable Systems Subject to System Modifications.” Journal of Mechanical Design 121 (4): 614–621. [38]
  • Jiang, Z., L. Shu, and B. Benhabib. 2000. “Reliability Analysis of Non-constant-size Part Populations in Design for Remanufacture.” Journal of Mechanical Design 122 (2): 172–178. [39]
  • Jiang, Z., T. Zhou, H. Zhang, Y. Wang, H. Cao, and G. Tian. 2016. “Reliability and Cost Optimization for Remanufacturing Process Planning.” Journal of Cleaner Production. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.11.037. [40]
  • Jodejko-Pietruczuk, A., and P. Marcin. 2014. “Components Rejuvenation in Production with Reused Elements.” International Journal of Performability Engineering 10 (6): 567–575. [41]
  • Jun, H.-B., D.-H. Lee, J.-G. Kim, and D. Kiritsis. 2012. “Heuristic Algorithms for Minimising Total Recovery Cost of End-of-life Products under Quality Constraints.” International Journal of Production Research 50 (19): 5330–5347. [42]
  • Kara, S., M. Mazhar, H. Kaebernick, and A. Ahmed. 2005. “Determining the Reuse Potential of Components Based on Life Cycle Data.” CIRP Annals -- Manufacturing Technology 54 (1): 1–4. [43]
  • Khatab, A., C. Diallo, and D. Ait-Kadi. 2013. “Joint Optimal Upgrade Level and Imperfect Preventive Maintenance Strategy for Refreshed End-of-life Systems.” In Proceedings -- 8th International Conference on MIMAR, Oxford, UK, July 10--12, 2014, 161–166. [44]
  • Kim, D.-K., J.-H. Lim, and D. H. Park. 2015. “Optimal Maintenance Level for Second-hand Product with Periodic Inspection Schedule.” Applied Stochastic Models in Business and Industry 31 (3): 349–359. [45]
  • Kim, Y.-W., and J. Park. 2013. “Designing a Lifecycle Integrated Data Network for Remanufacturing Using RFID Technology.” In Advances in Production Management Systems. Competitive Manufacturing for Innovative Products and Services, 160–167, Rhodes, Greece. [46]
  • Kogan, K. 2011. “Second-hand Markets and Intrasupply Chain Competition.” Journal of Retailing 87 (4): 489–501. [47]
  • Kuik, S. S., T. Kaihara, and N. Fujii. 2015. “Stochastic Decision Model of the Remanufactured Product with Warranty.” In Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists, vol. 2, Hong Kong, China. [48]
  • Lambert, A. J. 2003. “Disassembly Sequencing: A Survey.” International Journal of Production Research 41 (16): 3721–3759. [49]
  • Li, C. 2013. “An Integrated Approach to Evaluating the Production System in Closed-loop Supply Chains.” International Journal of Production Research 51 (13): 4045–4069. [50]
  • Liang, Y., S. Pokharel, and G. H. Lim. 2009. “Pricing Used Products for Remanufacturing.” European Journal of Operations Research 193 (2): 390–395. [51]
  • Liao, B.-F., B.-Y. Li, and J.-S. Cheng. 2015. “A Warranty Model for Remanufactured Products.” Journal of Industrial and Production Engineering 32 (8): 551–558. [52]
  • Lo, H.-C., R. H. Yeh, N. Kurniati, and J.-J. Lin. 2013. “The Impact of Used Products on Channel Coordination and Quality Decision for Warranted Products.” In Proceedings -- 19th ISSAT International Conference RQD, 2013, 131–135, Honolulu, HI. [53]
  • Lo, H.-C., and R.-Y. Yu. 2013. “A Study of Quality Management Strategy for Reused Products.” Reliability Engineering and System Safety 119: 172–177. [54]
  • Lund, R. T., and W. Hauser. 2003. The Remanufacturing Industry: Anatomy of a Giant. Boston, MA: Boston University. [55]
  • Luo, Y., Q. Peng, and P. Gu. 2016. “Integrated Multi-layer Representation and Ant Colony Search for Product Selective Disassembly Planning.” Computers in Industry 75: 13–26. [56]
  • Matsumoto, M., N. Nakamura, and T. Takenaka. 2010. “Business Constraints in Reuse Services.” IEEE Technology and Society Magazine 29 (3): 55–63. [57]
  • Mazhar, M., S. Kara, and H. Kaebernick. 2007. “Remaining Life Estimation of Used Components in Consumer Products: Life Cycle Data Analysis by Weibull and Artificial Neural Networks.” Journal of Operations Management 25 (6): 1184–1193. [58]
  • Meacham, A., R. Uzsoy, and U. Venkatadri. 1999. “Optimal Disassembly Configurations for Single and Multiple Products.” Journal of Manufacturing Systems 18 (5): 311–322. [59]
  • Mitrouchev, P., C. Wang, L. Lu, and G. Li. 2015. “Selective Disassembly Sequence Generation Based on Lowest Level Disassembly Graph Method.” The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 80 (1–4): 141–159. [60]
  • Mont, O., C. Dalhammar, and N. Jacobsson. 2006. “A New Business Model for Baby Prams Based on Leasing and Product Remanufacturing.” Journal of Cleaner Production 14 (17): 1509–1518. [61]
  • Murayama, T., and L. H. Shu. 2001. “Treatment of Reliability for Reuse and Remanufacture.” In Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing, 2001. Proceedings EcoDesign 2001, 287–292. Tokyo, Japan: IEEE. [62]
  • Naini, S. G. J., and M. Shafiee. 2011. “Joint Determination of Price and Upgrade Level for a Warranted Second-hand Product.” The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 54 (9–12): 1187–1198. [63]
  • Nikolaidis, Y. 2009. “A Modelling Framework for the Acquisition and Remanufacturing of used Products.” International Journal of Sustainable Engineering 2 (3): 154–170. [64]
  • Okumura, S., T. Morikuni, and N. Okino. 2003. “Environmental Effects of Physical Life Span of a Reusable Unit Following Functional and Physical Failures in a Remanufacturing System.” International Journal of Production Research 41 (16): 3667–3687. [65]
  • Pandey, V., and D. Thurston. 2009. “Effective Age of Remanufactured Products: An Entropy Approach.” Journal of Mechanical Design 131 (3): 1003–1008. [66]
  • Parkinson, H., and G. Thompson. 2003. “Analysis and Taxonomy of Remanufacturing Industry Practice.” Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 217 (3): 243–256. [67]
  • Pochampally, K. K., and S. M. Gupta. 2004. “Second-hand Market as an Alternative in Reverse Logistics.” In Photonics Technologies for Robotics, Automation, and Manufacturing, 30–39, Providence, RI. [68]
  • Pokharel, S., and Y. Liang. 2012. “A Model to Evaluate Acquisition Price and Quantity of Used Products for Remanufacturing.” International Journal of Production Economics 138 (1): 170–176. [69]
  • Pongpech, J., D. Murthy, and R. Boondiskulchock. 2006. “Maintenance Strategies for Used Equipment under Lease.” Journal of Quality and Maintenance Engineering 12 (1): 52–67. [70]
  • Prieto, M., B. Caemmerer, and G. Baltas. 2015. “Using a Hedonic Price Model to Test Prospect Theory Assertions: The Asymmetrical and Nonlinear Effect of Reliability on Used Car Prices.” Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 22: 206–212. [71]
  • Propst, J., and P. Griffin. 2000. "Evaluating Aging Electrical Systems and Equipment." In Industry Applications Conference, vol. 4, 2790–2797. Rome, Italy: IEEE. [72]
  • Radhi, M. 2012. “Impact of Quality Grading and Uncertainty on Recovery Behaviour in a Remanufacturing Environment.” Electronic theses and dissertations. Paper 156. http://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/156. [73]
  • Reyes, W., M. Moore, C. R. Bartholomew, R. Currence, and R. Siegel. 1995. “Reliability Assessment of Used Parts: An Enabler for Asset Recovery.” In Electronics and the Environment, 1995, 89–94. Orlando, FL: IEEE. [74]
  • Saidi-Mehrabad, M., R. Noorossana, and M. Shafiee. 2010. “Modeling and Analysis of Effective Ways for Improving the Reliability of Second-hand Products Sold with Warranty.” The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 46 (1–4): 253–265. [75]
  • Sawyer-Beaulieu, S. S., J. A. Stagner, and E. K. Tam. 2014. “Sustainability Issues Affecting the Successful Management and Recycling of End-of-life Vehicles in Canada and the United States.” In Environmental Issues in Automotive Industry, 223–245. Berlin: Springer. [76]
  • Shafiee, M., and S. Chukova. 2013a. “Maintenance Models in Warranty: A Literature Review.” European Journal of Operations Research 229 (3): 561–572. [77]
  • Shafiee, M., and S. Chukova. 2013b. “Optimal Upgrade Strategy, Warranty Policy and Sale Price for Second-hand Products.” Applied Stochastic Models in Business and Industry 29 (2): 157–169. [78]
  • Shafiee, M., S. Chukova, M. Saidi-Mehrabad, and S. T. Akhavan Niaki. 2011. “Two-dimensional Warranty Cost Analysis for Second-hand Products.” Communications in Statistics -- Theory & Methods 40 (4): 684–701. [79]
  • Shafiee, M., S. Chukova, W. Y. Yun, and S. T. A. Niaki. 2011. “On the Investment in a Reliability Improvement Program for Warranted Second-hand Items.” IIE Transactions 43 (7): 525–534. [80]
  • Shafiee, M., M. Finkelstein, and S. Chukova. 2011. “On Optimal Upgrade Level for Used Products under Given Cost Structures.” Reliability Engineering and System Safety 96 (2): 286–291. [81]
  • Sheu, S.-H., and W. S. Griffith. 2002. “Extended Block Replacement Policy with Shock Models and Used Items.” European Journal of Operations Research 140 (1): 50–60. [82]
  • Shi, W., and K. J. Min. 2014. “Product Remanufacturing and Replacement Decisions under Operations and Maintenance Cost Uncertainties.” The Engineering Economist 59 (2): 154–174. [83]
  • Shrivastava, P., H. C. Zhang, J. Li, and A. Whitely. 2005. “Evaluating Obsolete Electronic Products for Disassembly, Material Recovery and Environmental Impact through a Decision Support System.” In Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, 2005, 221–225. [84]
  • Shu, L. H., and W. Flowers. 1998. “Reliability Modeling in Design for Remanufacture.” Journal of Mechanical Design 120 (4): 620–627. [85]
  • Sidibe, I., A. Khatab, C. Diallo, and K. Adjallah. 2015a. “Kernel Estimator of Maintenance Optimization Model for a Stochastically Degrading System under Different Operating Environments.” Reliability Engineering and System Safety 147: 109–116. [87]
  • Sidibe, I., A. Khatab, C. Diallo, and D. Ait-Kadi. 2015b. “A Maintenance Optimization Model for a Second Hand Stochastically Deteriorating System under Different Operating Environments.” In 2015 3rd International Conference on Control, Engineering & Information Technology (CEIT), 1–5. Tlemcen, Algeria: IEEE. [87]
  • Stock, J., and J. Mulki. 2011. “Product Returns Processing: An Examination of Practices of Manufactures, Wholesalers/Distributors, and Dealers.” Journal of Business Logistics 30 (1): 33–62. [88]
  • Su, C., and X. Wang. 2014. “Optimizing Upgrade Level and Preventive Maintenance Policy for Second-hand Products Sold with Warranty.” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O: Journal of Risk and Reliability 228 (5): 518–528. [89]
  • Su, C., and X. Wang. 2016. “Optimal Upgrade Policy for Used Products Sold with Two-dimensional Warranty.” Quality and Reliability Engineering International. doi:10.1002/qre.1973. [90]
  • Subramanian, R., and R. Subramanyam. 2012. “Key Factors in the Market for Remanufactured Products.” Manufacturing & Service Operations Management 14 (2): 315–326. [91]
  • Vorasayan, J., and S. M. Ryan. 2006. “Optimal Price and Quantity of Refurbished Products.” Production Operations Management 15 (3): 369–383. [92]
  • Walsh, B., R. Waugh, and H. Symington. 2015. Remanufacturing Study -- Circular Economy Evidence Building Programme -- Summary Report -- 2015. Technical Report, Zero Waste Land. [93]
  • Wang, K., J. Tian, M. Pecht, and A. Xu. 2015. “A prognostics and Health Management Based Method for Refurbishment Decision Making for Electromechanical Systems.” IFAC-PapersOnLine 48 (3): 454–459. 15th IFAC Symposium on Information Control Problems in Manufacturing INCOM 2015. [94]
  • Wang, Y., and B. T. Hazen. 2015. “Consumer Product Knowledge and Intention to Purchase Remanufactured Products.” International Journal of Production Economics. doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2015.08.031. [95]
  • Weule, H., and C. Buchholz. 2001. “Reuse of Assembly Systems: A Great Ecological and Economical Potential for Facility Suppliers.” In Intelligent Systems & Smart Manufacturing, 44–55, Boston, MA. [96]
  • Yan, J., D. Hua, X. Wang, and X. Li. 2012. “Sustainable Manufacturing Oriented Prognosis for Facility Reuse Combining ANN and Reliability.” Quality and Reliability Engineering International 28 (3): 265–277. [97]
  • Yazdian, S. A., K. Shahanaghi, and A. Makui. 2016. “Joint Optimisation of Price, Warranty and Recovery Planning in Remanufacturing of Used Products under Linear and Non-linear Demand, Return and Cost Functions.” International Journal of Systems Science 47 (5): 1155–1175. [98]
  • Yeh, R. H., H.-C. Lo, and R.-Y. Yu. 2011. “A Study of Maintenance Policies for Second-hand Products.” Computers and Industrial Engineering 60 (3): 438–444. [99]
  • Zhao, X., T. Nakagawa, and C. Qian. 2012. “Optimal Imperfect Preventive Maintenance Policies for a Used System.” International Journal of Systems Science 43 (9): 1632–1641. [100]
  • Zhou, J., P. Huang, Y. Zhu, and J. Deng. 2012. “A Quality Evaluation Model of Reuse Parts and its Management System Development for End-of-life Wheel Loaders.” Journal of Cleaner Production 35: 239–249. [101]
  • Zhou, W., and S. Piramuthu. 2013. “Remanufacturing with RFID Item-level Information: Optimization, Waste Reduction and Quality Improvement.” International Journal of Production Economics 145 (2): 647–657. [102]
  • Zhu, Q., H. Li, S. Zhao, and V. Lun. 2016. “Redesign of Service Modes for Remanufactured Products and its Financial Benefits.” International Journal of Production Economics 171: 231–240. [103]
  • Zikopoulos, C., and G. Tagaras. 2007. “Impact of Uncertainty in the Quality of Returns on the Profitability of a Single-period Refurbishing Operation.” European Journal of Operations Research 182 (1): 205–225. [104]

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.