Blockchain implementation in pharmaceutical supply chains: A review and conceptual framework

References

• Abbas, K., M. Afaq, T. Ahmed Khan, and W. C. Song. 2020. “A Blockchain and Machine Learning-Based Drug Supply Chain Management and Recommendation System for Smart Pharmaceutical Industry.” Electronics 9 (5): 852.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aceto, G., V. Persico, and A. Pescapé. 2020. “Industry 4.0 and Health: Internet of Things, Big Data, and Cloud Computing for Healthcare 4.0.” Journal of Industrial Information Integration 18: 100129.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmadi, V., S. Benjelloun, M. El Kik, T. Sharma, H. Chi, and W. Zhou. 2020. “Drug Governance: Iot-Based Blockchain Implementation in the Pharmaceutical Supply Chain.” 2020 6th international conference on mobile and secure services, MOBISECSERV 2020, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Aizawa, A. 2003. “An Information-Theoretic Perspective of Tf-Idf Measures.” Information Processing and Management 39: 45–65.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aryal, A., Y. Liao, P. Nattuthurai, and B. Li. 2020. “The Emerging big Data Analytics and IoT in Supply Chain Management: A Systematic Review.” Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 25 (2): 141–156.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azzi, R., R. K. Chamoun, and M. Sokhn. 2019. “The Power of a Blockchain-Based Supply Chain.” Computers & Industrial Engineering. Elsevier Ltd 135: 582–592.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babu, E. S., I. Kavati, S. R. Nayak, U. Ghosh, and W. Al Numay. 2022. “Secure and Transparent Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Using Permissioned Blockchain Network.” International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 1–28. doi:10.1080/13675567.2022.2045578.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bamakan, S. M. H., S. G. Moghaddam, and S. D. Manshadi. 2021. “Blockchain-enabled Pharmaceutical Cold Chain: Applications, key Challenges, and Future Trends.” Journal of Cleaner Production 127021.
   Google Scholar
• Bocek, T., B. B. Rodrigues, T. Strasser, and B. Stiller. 2017. “Blockchains Everywhere - A use-Case of Blockchains in the Pharma Supply-Chain.” Proceedings of the IM 2017 - 2017 IFIP/IEEE international symposium on integrated network and service management, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., pp. 772–777.
   Google Scholar
• Botcha, K. M., V. V. Chakravarthy, and A. Anurag. 2019. “Enhancing Traceability in Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Using Internet of Things (IoT) and Blockchain.” Proceedings - 2019 IEEE international conference on intelligent systems and green technology, ICISGT 2019, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc, pp. 45–48.
   Google Scholar
• Buckley, G. J., and L. O. Gostin. 2013. “Causes of Falsified and Substandard Drugs.” In Countering the Problem of Falsified and Substandard Drugs. National Academies Press (US). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK202531/ (Accessed: 19 September 2022).
   Google Scholar
• Castleberry, A., and A. Nolen. 2018. “Thematic Analysis of Qualitative Research Data: Is it as Easy as it Sounds?” Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning 10: 807–815.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, S. E., and Y. Chen. 2020. “When Blockchain Meets Supply Chain: A Systematic Literature Review on Current Development and Potential Applications.” IEEE Access. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc 8: 62478–62494.
   Google Scholar
• Chang, Y., E. Iakovou, and W. Shi. 2020. “Blockchain in Global Supply Chains and Cross Border Trade: A Critical Synthesis of the State-of-the-art, Challenges and Opportunities.” International Journal of Production Research 58 (7): 2082–2099.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choudhury, O., I. Sylla, N. Fairoza, and A. Das. 2019. “A Blockchain Framework for Ensuring Data Quality in Multi-Organisational Clinical Trials.” 2019 IEEE international conference on healthcare informatics, ICHI 2019, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Chukwu, E., and L. Garg. 2020. “A Systematic Review of Blockchain in Healthcare: Frameworks, Prototypes, and Implementations.” IEEE Access. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc 8: 21196–21214.
   Google Scholar
• Ciliberti, S., L. Carraresi, and S. Bröring. 2016. “Drivers of Innovation in Italy: Food Versus Pharmaceutical Industry.” British Food Journal. Emerald Group Publishing Ltd. 118 (6): 1292–1316.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clauson, K. A., E. A. Breeden, C. Davidson, and T. K. Mackey. 2018. “Leveraging Blockchain Technology to Enhance Supply Chain Management in Healthcare: An Exploration of Challenges and Opportunities in the Health Supply Chain.” Blockchain in Healthcare Today 1 (3): 1–12.
   Google Scholar
• Cole, R., M. Stevenson, and J. Aitken. 2019. “Blockchain Technology: Implications for Operations and Supply Chain Management.” Supply Chain Management: An International Journal. Emerald Group Publishing Ltd. 24 (4): 469–483.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daneshvar Kakhki, M., and V. B. Gargeya. 2019. “Information Systems for Supply Chain Management: A Systematic Literature Analysis.” International Journal of Production Research 57 (15-16): 5318–5339.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Aguiar, E. J., B. S. Faiçal, B. Krishnamachari, and J. Ueyama. 2020. “A Survey of Blockchain-Based Strategies for Healthcare.” ACM Computing Surveys. Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) 53 (2): 1–27.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhagarra, D., M. Goswami, P. R. S. Sarma, and A. Choudhury. 2019. “Big Data and Blockchain Supported Conceptual Model for Enhanced Healthcare Coverage: The Indian Context.” Business Process Management Journal. Emerald Group Publishing Ltd. 25 (7): 1612–1632.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding, B. 2018. “Pharma Industry 4.0: Literature Review and Research Opportunities in Sustainable Pharmaceutical Supply chains.” Process Safety and Environmental Protection. Institution of Chemical Engineers 119: 115–130.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durach, C. F., J. Kembro, and A. Wieland. 2017. “A New Paradigm for Systematic Literature Reviews in Supply Chain Management.” Journal of Supply Chain Management 53 (4): 67–85.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dwivedi, S. K., R. Amin, and S. Vollala. 2020. “Blockchain Based Secured Information Sharing Protocol in Supply Chain Management System with key Distribution Mechanism.” Journal of Information Security and Applications. Elsevier Ltd 54: 102554.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang, H. S. A., T. H. Tan, Y. F. C. Tan, and C. J. M. Tan. 2021. “Blockchain Personal Health Records: Systematic Review.” Journal of Medical Internet Research 23 (4): e25094.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farouk, A., A. Alahmadi, S. Ghose, and A. Mashatan. 2020. “Blockchain Platform for Industrial Healthcare: Vision and Future opportunities.” Computer Communications 154: 223–235.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FDA. 2021. “FDA in Brief: FDA Provides New Guidance to Further Enhance the Security of Prescription Drugs in the U.S. Supply Chain.” Accessed September 19 2022. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-brief-fda-provides-new-guidance-further-enhancesecurity-prescription-drugs-us-supply-chain.
   Google Scholar
• Fernández-Caramés, T. M., and P. Fraga-Lamas. 2018. “A Review on the Use of Blockchain for the Internet of Things.” IEEE Access 6: 32979–33001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fraga-Lamas, P., and T. M. Fernandez-Carames. 2020. “Fake News, Disinformation, and Deepfakes: Leveraging Distributed Ledger Technologies and Blockchain to Combat Digital Deception and Counterfeit Reality.” IT Professiona. IEEE Computer Societyl 22 (2): 53–59.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galati, F., and B. Bigliardi. 2019. “Industry 4.0: Emerging Themes and Future Research Avenues Using a Text Mining Approach.” Computers in Industry 109: 100–113.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghadge, A., S. Dani, and R. Kalawsky. 2012. “Supply Chain Risk Management: Present and Future Scope.” The International Journal of Logistics Management 23: 313–339.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghadge, A., M. E. Kara, H. Moradlou, and M. Goswami. 2020. “The Impact of Industry 4.0 Implementation on Supply Chains.” Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 31 (4): 669–686.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghadge, A., M. Weiß, N. D. Caldwell, and R. Wilding. 2020. “Managing Cyber Risk in Supply Chains: A Review and Research Agenda.” Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 25 (2): 223–240.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghadge, A., H. Wurtmann, and S. Seuring. 2020. “Managing Climate Change Risks in Global Supply Chains: A Review and Research Agenda.” International Journal of Production Research 58 (1): 44–64.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hald, K. S., and A. Kinra. 2019. “How the Blockchain Enables and Constrains Supply Chain Performance.” International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 49 (4): 376–397.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hameed, M. A., and N. A. G. Arachchilage. 2016. A Model for the Adoption Process of Information System Security Innovations in Organisations: A Theoretical Perspective. arXiv preprint arXiv:1609.07911. doi:10.48550/arXiv.1609.07911.
   Google Scholar
• Hameed, M. A., S. Counsell, and S. Swift. 2012. “A Conceptual Model for the Process of IT Innovation Adoption in organisations.” Journal of Engineering and Technology Management - JET-M. Elsevier 29 (3): 358–390.
   Google Scholar
• Harzing, A. W. 2016. “Google Scholar, Scopus and the Web of Science: A Longitudinal and Cross-Disciplinary Comparison.” Scientometrics 106 (2): 787–804.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haseeb, M., H. I. Hussain, B. Ślusarczyk, and K. Jermsittiparsert. 2019. “Industry 4.0: A Solution Towards Technology Challenges of Sustainable Business Performance.” Social Sciences. MDPI AG 8 (5): 154.
   Google Scholar
• Hastig, G. M., and M. S. Sodhi. 2020. “Blockchain for Supply Chain Traceability: Business Requirements and Critical Success Factors.” Production and Operations Management. Wiley-Blackwell 29 (4): 935–954.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helo, P., and Y. Hao. 2019. “Blockchains in Operations and Supply Chains: A Model and Reference Implementation.” Computers & Industrial Engineering. Elsevier Ltd 136: 242–251.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hölbl, M., M. Kompara, A. Kamišalić, and L. Nemec Zlatolas. 2018. “A Systematic Review of the Use of Blockchain in Healthcare.” Symmetry. MDPI AG 10 (10): 470.
   Google Scholar
• Hosseini-Motlagh, S. M., M. Jazinaninejad, and N. Nami. 2020. “Recall Management in Pharmaceutical Industry through Supply Chain Coordination.” Annals of Operations Research 1–39. doi:10.1007/s10479-020-03720-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosseini-Motlagh, S.-M., M. Nematollahi, and N. Nami. 2021. “Drug Recall Management and Channel Coordination Under Stochastic Product Defect Severity: A Game-Theoretic Analytical Study.” International Journal of Production Research 59 (6): 1649–1675.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes, L., Y. K. Dwivedi, S. K. Misra, N. P. Rana, V. Raghavan, and V. Akella. 2019. “Blockchain Research, Practice and Policy: Applications, Benefits, Limitations, Emerging Research Themes and Research Agenda.” International Journal of Information Management. Elsevier Ltd 49: 114–129.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hussien, H. M., S. M. Yasin, S. N. I. Udzir, A. A. Zaidan, and B. B. Zaidan. 2019. “A Systematic Review for Enabling of Develop a Blockchain Technology in Healthcare Application: Taxonomy, Substantially Analysis, Motivations, Challenges, Recommendations and Future Direction.” Journal of Medical Systems. Springer New York LLC 43 (10): 1–35.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Interpol. 2020. Global operation sees a rise in fake medical products related to COVID-19, https://www.interpol.int/en/News-and-Events/News/2020/Global-operation-sees-a-rise-in-fake-medical-products-related-to-COVID-19.
   Google Scholar
• Jamil, F., L. Hang, K. Kim, and D. Kim. 2019. “A Novel Medical Blockchain Model for Drug Supply Chain Integrity Management in a Smart Hospital.” Electronics. MDPI AG 8 (5): 505.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jangir, S., A. Muzumdar, A. Jaiswal, C. N. Modi, S. Chandel, and C. Vyjayanthi. 2019. “A Novel Framework for Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Management Using Distributed Ledger and Smart Contracts.” 2019 10th international conference on computing, communication and networking technologies, ICCCNT 2019, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Karamchandani, A., S. K. Srivastava, S. Kumar, and A. Srivastava. 2021. “Analysing Perceived Role of Blockchain Technology in SCM Context for the Manufacturing Industry.” International Journal of Production Research 59 (11): 3398–3429.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kassab, M., J. DeFranco, T. Malas, P. Laplante, G. Destefanis, and V. V. G. Neto. 2019. “Exploring Research in Blockchain for Healthcare and a Roadmap for the Future.” IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing 9 (4): 1835–1852.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan, M. N., P. Akhtar, and Y. Merali. 2018. Industrial Management & Data Systems. Taylor & Francis Group.
   Google Scholar
• Khatoon, A. 2020. “A Blockchain-Based Smart Contract System for Healthcare Management.” Electronics. MDPI AG 9 (1): 94.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khezr, S., M. Moniruzzaman, A. Yassine, and R. Benlamri. 2019. “Blockchain Technology in Healthcare: A Comprehensive Review and Directions for Future Research.” Applied Sciences (Switzerland) 9 (9): 1–28.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kshetri, N. 2018. “1 Blockchain’s Roles in Meeting key Supply Chain Management objectives.” International Journal of Information Management 39: 80–89.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuhi, K., K. Kaare, and O. Koppel. 2018. “Ensuring Performance Measurement Integrity in Logistics Using Blockchain.” Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE international conference on service operations and logistics, and informatics, SOLI 2018, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., pp. 256–261.
   Google Scholar
• Kumar, A., R. Liu, and Z. Shan. 2020. “Is Blockchain a Silver Bullet for Supply Chain Management? Technical Challenges and Research Opportunities.” Decision Sciences. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 51 (1): 8–37.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leal, F., A. E. Chis, S. Caton, H. González–Vélez, J. M. García–Gómez, M. Durá, and M. Mier. 2021. “Smart Pharmaceutical Manufacturing: Ensuring end-to-end Traceability and Data Integrity in Medicine Production.” Big Data Research 24: 100172.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ledger Insights. 2020. “Bahrain to Use Blockchain for Food, Pharma Traceability, Customs Amid COVID-19.” Accessed September 19 2022. https://www.ledgerinsights.com/bahrain-to-use-blockchain-for-food-pharma-traceability-customs-amid-covid-19/.
   Google Scholar
• Levy, J. S. 2008. “Case Studies: Types, Designs, and Logics of Inference.” Conflict Management and Peace Science 25 (1): 1–18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, M., F. R. Yu, Y. Teng, V. C. Leung, and M. Song. 2019. “Performance Optimization for Blockchain-Enabled Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) Systems: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach.” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. IEEE Computer Society 15 (6): 3559–3570.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• López, D., and B. Farooq. 2020. “A Multi-Layered Blockchain Framework for Smart Mobility Data-markets.” Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies. Elsevier Ltd 111: 588–615.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGhin, T., K. K. R. Choo, C. Z. Liu, and D. He. 2019. “Blockchain in Healthcare Applications: Research Challenges and opportunities.” Journal of Network and Computer Applications 135 (c): 62–75.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moktadir, M. A., S. M. Ali, S. K. Mangla, T. A. Sharmy, S. Luthra, N. Mishra, and J. A. Garza-Reyes. 2018. “Decision Modeling of Risks in Pharmaceutical Supply Chains.” Industrial Management and Data Systems 118 (7): 1388–1412.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monfared, R. 2016. “Blockchain ready manufacturing supply chain using distributed ledger, Accepted to the International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology-IJRET.” Accessed June 12 2020. http://esatjournals.net/ijret/2016v05/i09/IJRET20160509001.pdfMetadataRecord:https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/22625.
   Google Scholar
• Musamih, A., K. Salah, R. Jayaraman, J. Arshad, M. Debe, Y. Al-Hammadi, and S. Ellahham. 2021. “A Blockchain-Based Approach for Drug Traceability in Healthcare Supply Chain.” IEEE Access 9: 9728–9743.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narayana, S. A., R. Kumar Pati, and P. Vrat. 2014. “Managerial Research on the Pharmaceutical Supply Chain - A Critical Review and Some Insights for Future directions.” Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management. Pergamon 20 (1): 18–40.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nowell, L. S., J. M. Norris, D. E. White, and N. J. Moules. 2017. “Thematic Analysis.” International Journal of Qualitative Methods. SAGE Publications Inc. 16 (1): 160940691773384.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palas, M. J. U., and R. Bunduchi. 2021. “Exploring Interpretations of Blockchain’s Value in Healthcare: A Multi-Stakeholder Approach.” Information Technology and People 34 (2): 453–495.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panwar, A., V. Bhatnagar, M. Khari, A. W. Salehi, and G. Gupta. 2022. “A Blockchain Framework to Secure Personal Health Record (PHR) in IBM Cloud-Based Data Lake.” Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience. doi:10.1155/2022/3045107.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, Jin, and Jong Park. 2017. “Blockchain Security in Cloud Computing: Use Cases, Challenges, and Solutions.” Symmetry. MDPI AG 9 (8): 164.
   Google Scholar
• Pham, H. L., T. H. Tran, and Y. Nakashima. 2019. “Practical Anti-Counterfeit Medicine Management System Based on Blockchain Technology.” TIMES-iCON 2019 - 2019 4th technology innovation management and engineering science international conference, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Pichlak, M. 2015. “The Innovation Adoption Process: A Multidimensional Approach.” Journal of Management and Organization. Cambridge University Press, 476–494.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pournader, M., Y. Shi, S. Seuring, and S. L. Koh. 2020. “Blockchain Applications in Supply Chains, Transport and Logistics: A Systematic Review of the Literature.” International Journal of Production Research. Taylor and Francis Ltd. 58 (7): 2063–2081.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prada-Delgado, M. A., G. Dittmann, I. Circiumaru, and J. Jelitto. 2021. “A Blockchain-Based Crypto-Anchor Platform for Interoperable Product Authentication.” IEEE international symposium on circuits and systems (ISCAS), pp. 1–5.
   Google Scholar
• Queiroz, M. M., R. Telles, and S. H. Bonilla. 2020. “Blockchain and Supply Chain Management Integration: A Systematic Review of the Literature.” Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 25 (2): 241–254.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Radanović, I., and R. Likić. 2018. “Opportunities for Use of Blockchain Technology in Medicine.” Applied Health Economics and Health Policy. Springer International Publishing 16 (5): 583–590.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reyes, P. M., J. K. Visich, and P. Jaska. 2020. “Managing the Dynamics of New Technologies in the Global Supply Chain.” IEEE Engineering Management Review. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. 48 (1): 156–162.
   Google Scholar
• Saberi, S., M. Kouhizadeh, J. Sarkis, and L. Shen. 2019. “Blockchain Technology and Its Relationships to Sustainable Supply Chain Management.” International Journal of Production Research 57 (7): 2117–2135.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt, C. G., and S. M. Wagner. 2019. “Blockchain and Supply Chain Relations: A Transaction Cost Theory Perspective.” Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management. Elsevier Ltd 25 (4): 100552.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seuring, S., and M. Müller. 2008. “From a Literature Review to a Conceptual Framework for Sustainable Supply Chain Management.” Journal of Cleaner Production 16 (15): 1699–1710.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma, A., S. Kaur, and M. Singh. 2021. “A Comprehensive Review on Blockchain and Internet of Things in Healthcare.” Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies 32 (10): e4333.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siddaway, A. P., A. M. Wood, and L. V. Hedges. 2019. “How to Do a Systematic Review: A Best Practice Guide for Conducting and Reporting Narrative Reviews, Meta-Analyses, and Meta-Syntheses.” Annual Review of Psychology 70: 747–770.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, R., A. D. Dwivedi, and G. Srivastava. 2020. “Internet of Things Based Blockchain for Temperature Monitoring and Counterfeit Pharmaceutical Prevention.” Sensors 20 (14): 3951–3923.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swanson, D., L. Goel, K. Francisco, and J. Stock. 2018. “An Analysis of Supply Chain Management Research by Topic.” Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 23 (2): 100–116.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sylim, P., F. Liu, A. Marcelo, and P. Fontelo. 2018. “Blockchain Technology for Detecting Falsified and Substandard Drugs in Distribution: Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Intervention.” Journal of Medical Internet Research 20 (9): e10163.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, D. 2015. “The Pharmaceutical Industry and the Future of Drug Development.” In Pharmaceuticals in the Environment, 1–33. doi:10.1039/9781782622345-00001.
   Google Scholar
• Thomé, A. M. T., L. F. Scavarda, and A. J. Scavarda. 2016. “Conducting Systematic Literature Review in Operations Management.” Production Planning & Control 27 (5): 408–420.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tranfield, D., D. Denyer, and P. Smart. 2003. “Towards a Methodology for Developing Evidence-Informed Management Knowledge by Means of Systematic Review.” British Journal of Management 14 (3): 207–222.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tseng, J. H., Y. C. Liao, B. Chong, and S. W. Liao. 2018. “Governance on the Drug Supply Chain via Gcoin Blockchain.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. MDPI AG 15 (6): 1055.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Hoek, R. 2019. “Developing a Framework for Considering Blockchain Pilots in the Supply Chain – Lessons from Early Industry adopters.” Supply Chain Management: An International Journal. Emerald Group Publishing Ltd. 25 (1): 115–121.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Hoek, R. 2019. “Exploring Blockchain Implementation in the Supply Chain.” International Journal of Operations & Production Management. Emerald Group Publishing Ltd. 39: 829–859.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vu, N., A. Ghadge, and M. Bourlakis. 2021a. “Blockchain Adoption in Food Supply Chains: A Review and Implementation Framework.” Production Planning & Control, 1–18. doi:10.1080/09537287.2021.1939902.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vu, N., A. Ghadge, and M. Bourlakis. 2021b. “Evidence-Driven Model for Implementing Blockchain in Food Supply Chains.” International Journal of Logistics research and Applications, 1–21. doi:10.1080/13675567.2022.2115987.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Y., J. H. Han, and P. Beynon-Davies. 2019. “Understanding Blockchain Technology for Future Supply Chains: A Systematic Literature Review and Research Agenda.” Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 24 (1): 62–84.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Y., J. Lin, and T. M. Choi. 2020. “Gray Market and Counterfeiting in Supply Chains: A Review of the Operations Literature and Implications to Luxury industries.” Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review. Elsevier Ltd 133: 101823.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, S., L. Ouyang, Y. Yuan, X. Ni, X. Han, and F. Y. Wang. 2019. “Blockchain-Enabled Smart Contracts: Architecture, Applications, and Future Trends.” IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. 49 (11): 2266–2277.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, S., L. Ouyang, Y. Yuan, X. Ni, X. Han, and F. Y. Wang. 2019. “Blockchain-Enabled Smart Contracts: Architecture, Applications, and Future Trends.” IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems 49 (11): 2266–2277.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Y., M. Singgih, J. Wang, and M. Rit. 2019. “Making Sense of Blockchain Technology: How Will it Transform Supply Chains?” International Journal of Production Economics. Elsevier B.V. 211: 221–236.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, S., J. Wang, X. Wang, T. Qiu, Y. Yuan, L. Ouyang, Y. Guo, and F. Y. Wang. 2018. “Blockchain-Powered Parallel Healthcare Systems Based on the ACP Approach.” IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. 5 (4): 942–950.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO News. 2017. https://www.who.int/news/item/28-11-2017-1-in-10-medical-products-in-developing-countries-is-substandard-or-falsified.
   Google Scholar
• Wong, L. W., G. W. H. Tan, V. H. Lee, K. B. Ooi, and A. Sohal. 2020. “Unearthing the Determinants of Blockchain Adoption in Supply Chain Management.” International Journal of Production Research 58 (7): 2100–2123.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, X., and Y. Lin. 2019. “Blockchain Recall Management in Pharmaceutical Industry.” Procedia CIRP 83: 590–595.
   Google Scholar
• Yang, K., H. Shen, D. Forte, S. Bhunia, and M. Tehranipoor. 2017. “Hardware-Enabled Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Security.” ACM Trans. Des. Autom. Electron. Syst 23 (23): 1–26.
   Google Scholar
• Yaqoob, S., M. M. Khan, R. Talib, A. D. Butt, S. Saleem, F. Arif, and A. Nadeem. 2019. “Use of Blockchain in Healthcare: A Systematic Literature Review.” International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications 10 (5). doi:10.14569/IJACSA.2019.0100581.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zelbst, P. J., K. W. Green, V. E. Sower, and P. L. Bond. 2019. “The Impact of RFID, IIoT, and Blockchain Technologies on Supply Chain Transparency.” Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management. Emerald Group Publishing Ltd. 31 (3): 441–457.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, S., S. Li, and Y. Yao. 2019. “Blockchain Enabled Industrial Internet of Things Technology.” IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. 6 (6): 1442–1453.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zwitter, A., and J. Hazenberg. 2020. “The DAO Controversy: The Case for a New Species of Corporate Governance?” Frontiers in Blockchain. Frontiers Media SA 3: 25.
   Google Scholar