At the doorstep to employment: Discrimination against immigrants as a function of applicant ethnicity, job type, and raters' prejudiceFootnote

We gratefully acknowledge comments by Adrian Bangerter, Franziska Tschan, Achim Elfering, and Steven Worchel.

REFERENCES

• Aiken , L. S. and West , S. G. 1991 . Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions , Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Brief , A. P. 1998 . Attitudes in and around organizations , Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Brief , A. P. , Dietz , J. , Cohen , R. R. , Pugh , S. D. and Vaslow , J. B. 2000 . Just doing business: Modern racism and obedience to authority as explanations for employment discrimination. . Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , 81 : 72 – 97 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cantanzarite , L. 2000 . Brown‐collar jobs: Occupational segregation and earning of recent‐immigrant Latinos. . Sociological Perspectives , 43 : 45 – 75 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen , S. and Bunker , K. 1975 . Subtle effects of sex role stereotypes on recruiters' hiring decisions. . Journal of Applied Psychology , 60 : 566 – 572 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen , J. , Cohen , P. , West , S. G. and Aiken , L. S. 2003 . Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for behavioral sciences , Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc . (3rd ed.)
   Google Scholar
• Dietz , J. and Pugh , S. D. 2004 . I say Tomato and you say Domate: Differential reactions to English‐only workplace policies by persons from immigrant and non‐immigrant families. . Journal of Business Ethics , 52 : 365 – 379 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dovidio , J. F. and Gaertner , S. L. 2000 . Aversive racism and selection decisions: 1989–1999. . Psychological Science , 11 : 315 – 319 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esses , V. M. , Dietz , J. and Bhardwaj , A. 2004 . Race, prejudice, and the evaluation of immigrant skills. . International Journal of Psychology , 39 : 9 (meeting abstract supplement)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evers , A. and Van der Flier , H. 1998 . “ Ethnic minorities on the labor market. ” . In Handbook of work and organizational psychology: Vol. 2. Work psychology , Edited by: Drenth , P , Thierry , H and de Wolff , C. J . 229 – 259 . Hove, , UK : Psychology Press/Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Ltd . 2nd ed
   Google Scholar
• Fibbi , R. , Kaya , B. and Piguet , E. 2003 . Le passeport ou le diplôme? Etude des discriminations à l'embauche des jeunes issues de la migration , Neuchâtel, , Switzerland : Swiss Forum for Migration and Population Studies . [Passport or diploma? Study of employment discrimination of young immigrants]. (Research report 31)
   Google Scholar
• Fiske , S. T. 1998 . “ Stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination. ” . In The handbook of social psychology: Vol. 2 , Edited by: Gilbert , D. T , Fiske , S. T and Lindzey , G . 357 – 411 . New York : McGraw‐Hill . 4th ed
   Google Scholar
• Fiske , S. T. and Neuberg , S. L. 1990 . “ A continuum of impression formation from category‐based to individuating processes: Influences of information and motivation on attention and interpretation. ” . In Advances in experimental social psychology: Vol. 23 , Edited by: Berkowitz , L . 1 – 74 . San Diego, CA : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Gaudet , S. , Clément , R. and Deuzeman , K. 2005 . Daily hassels, ethnic identity and psychological adjustment among Lebanese‐Canadians. . International Journal of Psychology , 40 : 157 – 168 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heilman , M. E. 1983 . “ Sex bias in work settings: The lack of fit model. ” . In Research in organizational behavior , Edited by: Cummings , L. L and Staw , B. M . 269 – 298 . Greenwich, CA : JAI .
   Google Scholar
• Heilman , M. E. , Martell , R. F. and Simon , M. C. 1988 . The vagaries of sex bias: Conditions regulating the undervaluation, equivaluation, and overvaluation of female job applicants. . Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , 41 : 98 – 110 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heiniger , M. , Moresi , E. and Labeau , K. 2003 . Ausländerinnen und Ausländer in der Schweiz. Bericht 2003 [Foreigners in Switzerland. Report 2003]. , Neuchâtel, , Switzerland : Swiss Federal Statistical Office .
   Google Scholar
• Henry , P. J. and Sears , D. O. 2002 . The Symbolic Racism 2000 Scale. . Political Psychology , 23 : 253 – 283 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodson , G. , Dovidio , J. F. and Gaertner , S. L. 2002 . Processes in racial discrimination: Differential weighting of conflicting information. . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 28 : 490 – 471 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffmann‐Nowotny , H. ‐J. , Boesch , A. , Romano , G. and Stolz , J. 1997 . Das “Fremde” in der Schweiz—1969 und 1995. Eine Replikationsstudie , Bern, , Switzerland : Swiss National Science Foundation . [The “foreign element” in Switzerland—1969 to 1995. A replication study] (Final research report to the Swiss National Science Foundation)
   Google Scholar
• Hutmacher , W. 2003 . UNIVOX Teil I D Bildung 2002/2003 [UNIVOX Part I D Education 2002/2003] , Zürich, , Switzerland : GfS‐Forschungsinstitut .
   Google Scholar
• Kawakami , K. , Dion , K. L. and Dovidio , J. F. 1998 . Racial prejudice and stereotype activation. . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 24 : 407 – 416 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madon , S. , Guyll , M. , Aboufadel , K. , Montiel , E. , Smith , A. , Palumbo , P. and Jussim , L. 2001 . Ethnic and national stereotypes: The Princeton Trilogy revisited. . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 27 : 996 – 1010 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McConahay , J. B. 1986 . “ Modern racism, ambivalence, and the modern racism scale. ” . In Prejudice, discrimination, and racism , Edited by: Dovidio , J. F and Gaertner , S. L . 91 – 126 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Perry , E. L. 1997 . “ A cognitive approach to understanding discrimination: A closer look at applicant gender and age. ” . In Research in personnel and human resources management, Vol. 15 , Edited by: Ferris , G. R . 175 – 240 . Greenwich, CT : JAI Press .
   Google Scholar
• Perry , E. L. , Kulik , C. T. and Bourhis , A. C. 1996 . Moderating effects of personal and contextual factors in age discrimination. . Journal of Applied Psychology , 81 : 628 – 647 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters , L. H. , O'Connor , E. J. and Wise , S. L. 1984 . “ The specification and testing of useful moderator variable hypotheses. ” . In Method and analysis in organizational research , Edited by: Bateman , T. S and Ferris , G. R . 128 – 139 . Reston, VA : Reston Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Petersen , L. ‐E. and Dietz , J. 2005 . Prejudice and enforcement of workforce homogeneity as explanations for employment discrimination. . Journal of Applied Social Psychology , 35 : 144 – 159 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pettigrew , T. F. 1998 . Reactions toward the new minorities of Western Europe. . Annual Review of Sociology , 24 : 77 – 103 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raymann , U. 2003 . Meinungen und Einstellungen gegenüber AusländerInnen in der Schweiz , Zürich, , Switzerland : GfS‐Forschungsinstitut . [Opinions and attitudes toward foreigners in Switzerland]
   Google Scholar
• Salgado , J. F. and Moscoso , S. 2002 . Comprehensive meta‐analysis of the construct validity of the employment interview. . European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology , 11 : 299 – 324 .
   Google Scholar
• Stewart , L. D. and Perlow , R. 2001 . Applicant race, job status, and racial attitude as predictors of employment discrimination. . Journal of Business and Psychology , 16 : 259 – 275 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swim , J. K. , Aikin , K. J. , Hall , W. S. and Hunter , B. A. 1995 . Sexism and racism: Old‐fashioned and modern prejudices. . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 68 : 199 – 214 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thalhammer , E. , Zucha , V. , Enzenhofer , E. , Salfinger , B. and Ogris , G. 2001 . Attitudes towards minority groups in the European Union: A special analysis of the Eurobarometer 2000 survey , Vienna, , Austria : The European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia .
   Google Scholar