Gendered Power and the Use of Contraception and Condoms among Married Women in Ghana

REFERENCES

• Ackerson, Kelly and Ruth Zielinski. 2017. “Factors Influencing Use of Family Planning in Women in Crisis Affected Areas of Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of the Literature.” Midwifery 54:35–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asante, Kwaku Oppong, Joseph Osafo, and Paul N. Doku. 2016. “The Role of Condom Use Self-Efficacy on Intended and Actual Condom Use Among University Students in Ghana.” Journal of Community Health 41(1):97–104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnett, Barbara Mamadou Konaté, Marvellous Mhloyi, Jane Mutambirwa, Monica Francis-Chizororo, Noah Taruberekera, and Priscilla Ulin. 1999. “The Impact of Family Planning on Women's Lives: Findings from the Women's Studies Project in Mali and Zimbabwe.” African Journal of Reproductive Health 3(1):27–38.
   Google Scholar
• Barro, Robert J. 1991. “Economic Growth in a Cross-Section of Countries.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 106(2):407–444.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bawah, Ayaga Agula, Patricia Akweongo, Ruth Simmons, and James F. Phillips. 1999. “Women’s Fears and Men’s Anxieties: The Impact of Family Planning on Gender Relations in Northern Ghana.” Studies in Family Planning 30(1):54–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beekle, A.T. and C. McCabe. 2006. “Awareness and Determinants of Family Planning Practices in Jimma, Ethiopia.” International Nursing Review 53:269–276.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bently, Rebecca and Anne Marie Kavanagh. 2008. “Gender Equity and Women’s Contraception Use.” Australian Journal of Social Issues 43(1):65–80.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackstone Sarah R., Ucheoma Nwaozuru, and Juliet Iwelunmor. 2017. “Factors Influencing Contraceptive Use in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review.” International Quarterly of Community Health Education 37(2):79–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanc, Ann K. 2001. “The Effect of Power in Sexual Relationships on Sexual and Reproductive Health: An Examination of the Evidence.” Studies in Family Planning 32(3):189–213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanc, Ann K and A. Gage. 2000. “Men, Polygyny, and Fertility over the Life-Course in Sub-Saharan Africa.” Pp. 163–87 in Fertility and the Male Life Cycle in the Era of Fertility Decline edited by Caroline Bledsoe, Susan Lerner, and Jane I. Guyer. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Blanc, Ann K and Brett Wolff. 2001. “Gender and Decision-Making over Condom Use in Two Districts of Uganda.” African Journal of Reproductive Health 5(3):15–28.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Boutayeb, Abdesslam. 2009. “The Impact of HIV/AIDS on Human Development in African Countries.” BioMed Central Public Health 9(Suppl 1): S3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bove, Riley and Claudia Valeggia. 2009. “Polygyny and Women’s Health in sub-Saharan Africa.” Social Science and Medicine 68:21–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caldwell J. C., I. O. Orubuloye, and P. Caldwell. 1997. “Male and Female Circumcision in Africa from a Regional to a Specific Nigerian Examination.” Social Science and Medicine 44(8):1181–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Central Intelligence Agency. 2018. “Ghana” CIA World Factbook. Retrieved June 16, 2018 (https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gh.html)
   Google Scholar
• Dodoo, F. Nii-Amoo. 1998. “Men Matter: Additive and Interactive Gendered Preferences and Reproductive Behavior in Kenya.” Demography 35(2):229–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dodoo, F. Nii-Amoo and Maria Tempenis. 2002. “Gender, Power, and Reproduction: Rural-Urban Differences in the Relationship between Fertility Goals and Contraceptive Use in Kenya. Rural Sociology 67(1):46–70.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durlauf, Steven N., Andros Kourtellos, and Chih Ming Tan. 2008. “Are Any Growth Theories Robust?” The Economic Journal 118:329–346.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emina J.B., Chirwa T., and Kandal N.B. 2014 “Trend in the Use of Modern Contraception in Sub-Saharan Africa: Does Women's Education Matter?” Contraception 90(2):154–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ezeh, Alex Chika. 1993. “The Influence of Spouses over Each Other’s Contraceptive Attitudes in Ghana.” Studies in Family Planning 24(3):163–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Family Planning 2020. 2017. “Ghana FP2020 Actions for Acceleration (2018–2019)” Retrieved June 16, 2018 (http://ec2-54-210-230-186.compute-1.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Ghana_2018-2019_Actions_for_Acceleration.pdf).
   Google Scholar
• Frost, Ashley Elizabeth. 2009. “Exploring the Nature of Gender-Equitable Attitudes Among Ghanaian Men: A Mixed Methods Study.” PhD dissertation, Department of Sociology, Pennsylvania State University. https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/9919.
   Google Scholar
• Galor, Oded and David N. Weil. 1996. “The Gender Gap, Fertility, and Growth.” The American Economic Review 86(3):374–387.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galor, Oded and David N. Weil. 2000. “Population Technology, and Growth: From Malthusian Stagnation to the Demographic Transition and Beyond.” The American Economic Review 90(4):806–828.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghana AIDS Commission. 2016. “National HIV & AIDS Strategic Plan 2016–2020” Retrieved June 16, 2018 (http://www.ghanaids.gov.gh/gac1/pubs/COMPREHENSIVE%20NSP%202016-2020.pdf)
   Google Scholar
• Ghana Statistical Service (GSS), Ghana Health Service (GHS), and ICF Macro. 2009. Ghana Demographic and Health Survey 2008. Accra, Ghana: GSS, GHS, and ICF Macro.
   Google Scholar
• Hebling, Eliana Maria and Isuara Rocha Figueiredo Guimaraes. 2004. “Women and AIDS: Gender Relations and Condom Use with Steady Partners.” Cadernos De Saúde Pública 20(5):1211–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hindin, Michelle J. 2000. “Women's Autonomy, Women's Status and Fertility-Related Behavior in Zimbabwe.” Population Research and Policy Review 19(3):255–282.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hindin, Michelle J. and Adesegun O. Fatusi. 2009. “Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health in Developing Countries: An Overview of Trends and Interventions.” International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 35(2):58–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hollos, Marida and Ulla Larsen. 2004. “Which African Men Promote Smaller Families and Why? Marital Relations and Fertility in a Pare Community in Northern Tanzania.” Social Science & Medicine 58(9):1733–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karim, Ali Mehryar, Robert J. Magnani, Gwendolyn T. Morgan, and Katherine C. Bond. 2003. “Reproductive Health Risk and Protective Factors among Unmarried Youth in Ghana. International Family Planning Perspectives 29(1):14–25.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Klassen, Stephan and Fancesca Lamanna. 2009. “The Impact of Gender Inequality in Education and Employment on Economic Growth: New Evidence from a Panel of Countries.” Feminist Economics 15(3):91–132.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kulczychi, Andrzej. 2008. “Husband-Wife Agreement, Power Relations and Contraceptive Use in Turkey.” International Family Planning Perspectives 34(3):127–137.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lagerlof, Nils-Petter. 2003. “Gender Inequality and Long-Run Growth.” Journal of Economic Growth 8:403–426.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lasee, Ashraf and Stan Becker. 1997. “Husband-Wife Communication about Family Planning and Contraceptive Use in Kenya.”International Family Planning Perspectives 23(1):15–22.
   Google Scholar
• Lawoyin, Taiwo O. and Ulla Larsen. 2002. “Male Sexual Behavior During Wife’s Pregnancy and Postpartum Abstinence Period in Oyo State, Nigeria.” Journal of Biosocial Science 34:51–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lugalla, Joe., Maria Emmelin, Aldin Mutembei, Mwiru Sima, Gideon Kwesigabo, Japhet Killewo, and Lars Dahlgren. 2004. “Social, Cultural and Sexual Behavioral Determinants of Observed Decline in HIV Infection Trends: Lessons from the Kagera Region, Tanzania.” Social Science & Medicine 59(1):185–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacPhail, Catherine, Fern Terris-Prestholtb, Lilani Kumaranayakeb, Prudence Ngoakoc, Charlotte Wattsb and Helen Reesa. 2009. “Managing Men: Women’s Dilemmas About Overt and Covert Use of Barrier Methods for HIV Prevention.” Culture, Health, & Sexuality 11(5):485–497.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madhavan, Sangeetha. 2001. “Female Cooperation and Conflict in Rural Mali: Effects on Infant and Child Survival.” Journal of Comparative Family Studies 32(1):75–98.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masanjala, Winford. 2007. “The Poverty-HIV/AIDS Nexus in Africa: A Livelihood Approach.” Social Science & Medicine 64:1032–1041.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montgomery, C.M., S. Lees, J. Stadler, N.S. Morar, A. Ssali, B. Mwanza, M. Mntambo, J. Phillip, C. Watts, and R. Pool. 2008. “The Role of Partnership Dynamics in Determining the Acceptability of Condoms and Microbicides.” AIDS Care 20(6):733–740.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nalwadda, Gorrette, Florence Mirembe, Josaphat Byamugisha, and Elisabeth Faxelid. 2010. “Persistent High Fertility in Uganda: Yong People Recount Obstacles and Enabling Factors to Use of Contraceptives.” Biomed Central Public Health 10(530):1–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OlaOlorun, Funmilola M. and Michelle J. Hindin. 2014. “Having a Say Matters: Influence of Decision-Making Power on Contraceptive Use Among Nigerian Women Ages 35-49 Years.” PLoS One 9(6):e98702.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson Sara Ann. 1999. “Marriage Structure and Contraception in Niger”. Journal of Biosocial Science 31(1):93–104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pratto, Felicia and Angela Walker. 2004. “The Bases of Gendered Power.” Pp. 242–88 in The Psychology of Gender, edited by A. H. Eagly, A. E. Beall, and R. J. Sternberg New York: Guilford.
   Google Scholar
• Richards, Morgan and Loretta E. Bass. 2011. “Gendered Power and the Use of Contraception among Married Women in Ghana.” Presented at the 2011 International Family Planning Conference, UNFPA – United Nations. Dakar, Senegal.
   Google Scholar
• Rosenthal, Lisa and Sheri R. Levy. 2010. “Understanding Women’s Risk for HIV Infection Using Social Dominance Theory and the Four Bases of Gendered Power.” Psychology of Women Quarterly 34:21–35.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Safilos-Rothschild, C. 1982. “Female Power, Autonomy, and Demographic Change in the Third World.” Pp. 117–32 in Women's Roles and Population Trends in the Third World edited by Anker R, M. Buvinic, and N. Youssef. London: Croom-Helm.
   Google Scholar
• Sala-I-Martin, Xavier, Gernot Doppelhofer, and Ronald I. Miller. 2004. “Determinants of Long-Term Growth: A Bayesian Averaging of Classical Estimates (BACE) Approach.” The American Economic Review 94(4):813–35.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salem, Shabana and Martin Bobak. 2005. “Women’s Autonomy, Education, and Contraception Use in Pakistan: A National Study.” Reproductive Health 2:1–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schultz, Paul T. 1990. “Women’s Changing Participation in the Labor Force: A World Perspective.” Economic Development and Cultural Change 38(3):457–488.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soares, Rodrigo and Bruno L. S. Falcao. 2008. “The Demographic Transition and the Sexual Division of Labor.” Journal of Political Economy 116(6):1058–1104.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solow, Robert M. 1956. “A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 70(1):65–94.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsui, Amy O., Brown, Win, and Qingfeng Li. 2017. “Contraceptive Practice in sub-Saharan Africa.” Population and Development Review 43:166–191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United Nations Development Programme. 2016. “2016 Human Development Report” Retrived June 16, 2018 (http://hdr.undp.org/en/composite/GII)
   Google Scholar
• Wellings, Kaye, Martine Collumbien, Emma Slaymaker, Susheela Singh, Zoé Hodges, Dhaval Patel, and Nathalie Bajos. 2006. “Sexual Behavior in Context: A Global Perspective.” Lancet 368:1706–1728.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar