40
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
I. Introduction

THE AFRO-ARABIAN COMPONENT IN THE LEVANTINE MAMMALIAN FAUNA—A SHORT BIOGEOGRAPHICAL REVIEW

Pages 155-192 | Accepted 01 Jun 1991, Published online: 30 Apr 2013

REFERENCES

  • Adams , C. G. , Gentry , A. W. and Whybrow , P. J. 1983 . Dating the terminal Tethyan event Utrecht Micropalaeontological . Bulletin , 30 : 273 – 298 .
  • Andrews , P. 1981 . Hominoid habitats of the Miocene . Nature , 289 : 749
  • Andrews , P. J. and Walker , A. 1976 . “ The primate and other fauna from Fort Teman, Kenya. ” . In Human origins: Louis Leakey and the East African evidence. Benjamin, Meno Park, CA Edited by: Isaac , G. L. and McCown , E. R. 270 – 304 .
  • Axelrod , D. I. 1975 . Evolution and biogeography of Madrean Tethyan sclerophyll vegetation . Annals of Missouri Botanical Garden , 62 : 280 – 334 .
  • Axelrod , D. I. and Raven , P. H. 1978 . “ Late Cretaceous and Tertiary vegetation history of Africa. ” . In Biogeography and ecology of Southern Africa Edited by: Werger , N. J. Vol. 31 , 77 – 130 . The Hague : Dr. W. Junk Publishers . A., Monographs in Biology. Vol
  • Azzaroli , A. and Guazzone , G. 1979 . Terrestrial mammals and land connections in the Mediterranean before and during the Messinian. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology and Palaeoecology , 2 : 155 – 162 . /80
  • Bar-Yosef , O. and Goren , N. 1973 . Natufian remains in Hayonim cave . Paléorient , 1 : 49 – 68 .
  • Bar-Yosef , O. and Tchemov , E. 1966 . Archaeological remains and fossil faunas of the Natufian and microlithic industries at Hayonim cave (Western Galilee) . Israel Journal of Zoology , 15 : 104 – 140 .
  • Bar-Yosef , O. and Tchemov , E. 1972 . On the Palaeo-ecological history of the site of 'Ubeidiya 1 – 15 . Jerusalem : Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities .
  • Bar-Yosef , O. and Vandermeersch , B. 1981 . “ Notes concerning the possible age of the Mousterian layers in Qafzeh cave. ” . In Préhistoire du Levant Lyon, C.N.R.S., pp Edited by: Cauvin , J. and Sanlaville , P. 125 – 281 .
  • Berggren , W. A. and Van Couvering , J. A. 1974 . The late Neogene: biostratigraphy, geochronology and paleoclimatology of marine and continental stratigraphies for the past 15 million years . Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology and Palaeocology , 10 : 1 – 216 .
  • Bernor , L. R. 1983 . “ Geochronology and Zoogeographie relationships of Miocene hominoids. ” . In New interpretations of ape and human ancestry Edited by: Ciochon , R. L. and Corruccini , R. 21 – 64 . New York : Plenum Press .
  • Bernor , L. R. , Andrews , P. J. , Solounias , N. and Van Couvering , J. A.H. 1979 . The evolution of Pontian mammal faunas: some Zoogeographie, palaeoecologic andchronostratigraphic considerations. Annales de Géologie des Pays Helléniques (Hors Série) I: 81 – 89 .
  • Bodenheimer , F. S. 1935 . Animal life in Palestine. L. Mayer, Jerusalem
  • Bodenheimer , F. S. 1937 . Problems of animal distribution in Arabia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society, London, 1937–38. (I)47
  • Bouchud , J. 1974 . Étude préliminaire de la faune provenant de la grotte du Djebel Qafzeh près de Nazareth, Israel . Paléorient , 2 : 87 – 102 .
  • Brandy , L. D. , Sabatier , M. and Jaeger , J. J. 1980 . Implications phylogénétiques et biogéographiques des dernières découvertes de Muridae en Afghanistan, au Pakistan et en Ethiopie . Géobios , 13 : 639 – 643 .
  • Butler , B. H. , Tchemov , E. , Hietala , H. and Davis , S. 1977 . “ Faunal exploitation during the late Epipaleolithic in the Har-Harif. ” . In Prehistory and Paleoenvironments of the Central Negev, Israel. Vol. II: The Avdat/Aqev area. S.M.U. Press, Dallas Edited by: Marks , A. E. 327 – 344 .
  • Bytinski-Salz , H. 1954 . Insects associated with desert acacias in Israel . Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel , 4 : 284 – 292 .
  • By Tinski-Salz , H. 1961 . The Ethiopian elements in the insect fauna of Israel . Proceedings of the XI International Congress of Entomology, Vienna, 1960 , 1 : 457 – 463 .
  • Clark , J. D. 1967 . The Middle Acheulian occupation site at Latamne, northern Syria . Quaternaria , 9 : 1 – 68 .
  • Clark , J. D. 1968 . The Middle Acheulian occupation site at Latamne, northern Syria . Quartemaria , 10 : 1 – 73 .
  • Clutton-Brook , J. 1979 . The mammalian remains from the Jericho tell . Proceedings of the Prehistorical Society , 45 : 135 – 157 .
  • Coryndon , S. C. and Savage , R. J.G. 1973 . “ The origin and affinities of African mammal faunas. ” . In Organisms and continents through time. Special Papers in Palaeontology, No. 12 Syst. Assoc. Publ. No. 9, Palaeontological Assoc. London 121 – 135 .
  • Costa , M. 1965 . Fleas as zoogeographical indicators in Israel. Proceedings of the XII International Congress of Entomology, London 447 – 448 . 1964
  • Daams , R. 1981 . The dental pattern of Dormice Dryomys, Myomimus, Microdyromys Peridyromys . Utrecht Micropaleontological Bulletin (Special Publication) , 3 : 1 – 115 .
  • Davis , S. 1974 . Animal remains from the Kebaran site of Ein-Gev, I: Jordan Valley, Israel . Paléorient , 2 : 453 – 462 .
  • Denys , C. 1983 . Les Rongeurs du Pliocène de Laetoli (Tanzanie): Evolution, Paléoécologie et Paléobiogéographie Approche Qualitative et Quantitative. Thèse (3e cycle). Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI)
  • Eig , A. 1938 . On the phytogeographical subdivision of Palestine . Palestine Journal of Botany, Jerusalem Series , 3 : 183 – 246 .
  • Evans , E. M. , Van Couvering , J. A.H. and Andrew , P. 1981 . Palaeoecology of Miocene sites in western Kenya . Journal of Human Evolution , 10 : 99 – 116 .
  • Garfunkel , Z. and Bartov , Y. 1977 . The tectonics of the Suez Rift . Geological Survey of Israel, Jerusalem , 71 : 1 – 44 .
  • Gentry , A. W. 1980 . Fossil Bovidae (Mammalia) from Langebaanweg, South Africa . Annual of the South African Museum , 79 : 213 – 337 .
  • Geraads , D. 1982 . Paléobiogéographie de l'Afrique du Nord depuis le Miocene terminal d'après les grand mammiferes . Geobios, mem. 5 ser , 6 : 473 – 481 .
  • Geraads , D. and Tchernov , E. 1987 . Fémurs humains du Pleistocène Moyen de Gesher Benot Ya'akov (Israel) . L'Anthropologie , 87 : 138 – 141 .
  • Gilead , D. and Ronen , A. 1977 . Acheulian industries from Evron on the Western Galilee Coastal Plain . Eretz-Israel , 13 : 56 – 86 .
  • Goldberg , P. and Bar-Yosef , O. 1982 . Environmental and archaeological evidence for climatic change in the southern Levant and adjacent areas . British Archaeological Reports , 133 : 399 – 414 .
  • Goldsmith , N. E. , Tchernov , E. , Ginsburg , L. , Tassy , P. and Van Couvering , J. A. 1982 . Ctenodactylid rodent in the Miocene Negev fauna of Israel . Nature , 296 ( 5858 ) : 645 – 647 .
  • Goren , N. 1981 . The Lithic assemblages of the site of 'Ubeidiya, Jordan Valley. Ph.D. thesis, Hebrew Univ., Jerusalem
  • Greenwood , J. H. 1974 . Review of Cenozoic freshwater fish fauna in Africa . Annual Geological Survey of Egypt , 4 : 211 – 232 .
  • Haas , G. 1960 . Some remarks on Philistomys roachi Bate . Annual Magazine of Natural History , 13 : 688 – 690 .
  • Haas , G. 1972 . The microfauna of Djebel Qafzeh Cave . Paleovertebrata , 5 : 261 – 270 .
  • Haas , G. 1973 . The Pleistocene Glirids of Israel . Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Geselschaft in Basel , 63 : 76 – 110 .
  • Haim , A. and Tchemov , E. 1974 . The distribution of myomorph rodents in the Sinai peninsula . Mammalia , 38 : 201 – 223 .
  • Harris , M. 1975 . Evolution of feeding mechanisms in the family Deinotheridae (Mammalia, Proboscideae) . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , 56 : 331 – 362 .
  • Harris , J. M. 1978 . “ Deinotherioidea and Barythergoidea. ” . In Evolution of African mammals Edited by: Maglio , V. J. and Cooke , H. B.S. 325 – 332 . Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
  • Heintz , E. and Brunet , M. 1982 . Rôle de al chîne alpine asiatique dans la distribution spatiotemporelle des Cervidés. Compte Renduzdel' Academiedes Sciences, Paris, 294 (II): 1391 – 1394 .
  • de Heinzelein , J. 1968 . “ Geological observations near Latamne. ” . In The Middle Acheulian occupation site at Latamne, Northern Syria; Further excavations. Quaternaria 10: Edited by: Clark , J. D. 3 – 8 .
  • Heller , J. 1984 . “ Deserts as refugia for relict land snails. ” . In World-wide snails. Biogeographical studies on non-marine Mollusca. E.J. Brill Publishers, Leiden Edited by: Solem , A. and Van Bruggen , A. 107 – 123 .
  • Hendey , Q. B. 1981 . Palaeoecology of the late Tertiary fossil occurrences in ‘E’ Quarry Langebaanweg, South Africa, and a reinterpretation of their geological context . Annual of the South African Museum , 84 : 1 – 104 .
  • Hooijer , D. A. 1958 . An Early Pleistocene mammalian fauna from Bethlehem . Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) A. Geology , 3 : 267 – 292 .
  • Hooijer , D. A. 1959 . Fossil mammals from Jisr Banat Yaqub, south of Lake Huleh, Israel. Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel G8: 177 – 179 .
  • Hooijer , D. A. 1960 . “ A ” . In Stegodon from Israel. Bull. Res. Counc. Isr. G8 104 – 107 .
  • Hooijer , D. A. 1961a . Middle Pleistocene mammals from Latamne, Orontes Valley, Syria . Annales d'Archéologie, Syrie , 11 : 117 – 132 .
  • Hooijer , D. A. 1961b . The fossil vertebrates of Ksar' Akil, a paleolithic rock-shelter in Lebanon . Zoologisches Verhandlungen , 49 : 1 – 67 .
  • Hooijer , D. A. 1962 . “ The Middle Pleistocene fauna of the Near East. ” . In Evolution and Hominization. G. Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart Edited by: Kurtén , G. 81 – 83 .
  • Horowitz , A. 1979 . The Quaternary of Israel New York : Academic Press .
  • Horowitz , A. , Siedner , G. and Bar-Yosef , O. 1973 . Radiometric dating of the'Ubeidiya Formation, Jordan Valley, Israel . Nature , 242 : 186 – 187 .
  • Howell , C. F. 1980 . Zonation of late Miocene and early Pliocene circum-Mediterranean faunas . Geobios , 33 : 653 – 657 .
  • Jaeger , M. J.-J. 1975 . “ The mammalian faunas and hominid fossils of the Middle Pleistocene of the Maghreb. ” . In After the Australopithecines. Mouton Publishers, The Hague Edited by: Butzer , K. W. and Isaac , G. L.L. 399 – 418 .
  • Jaeger , M. J.-J. 1976 . “ Les rongeurs (Mammalia, Rodentia) du Pleistocene inferieur d'Olduvai Bed I (Tanzania), I: Les Muridés. ” . In Fossil Vertebrates of Africa Edited by: Savage , R. J.G. and Coryndon , S. S. 58 – 120 . New York : Academic Press . IV
  • Kosswig , C. 1955 . Zoogeography of the Near East . Systematic Zoology , 4 : 50 – 73 .
  • van Liere , W. J. 1961 . Observation on the Quaternary of Syria. Proceedings of the State Service of Archaeological Investigations, Netherlands, The Hague 10–11: 7 – 69 .
  • van Liere , W. J. 1966 . The Pleistocene and Stone Age of the Orontes . Annates d'Archéologie, Syrie , 16 : 9 – 29 .
  • Madden , C. T. and Van Couvering , J. A. 1976 . The proboscidean datum event: Early Miocene migration from Africa. Geological Society of America, Program Abstracts 992 – 993 .
  • Margalit , J. and Tahori , A. S. 1973 . The mosquito fauna of Sinai . Journal of Medical Entomology, Honolulu , 10 : 89 – 96 .
  • Marks , A. E. 1975 . “ An outline of prehistoric occurrences and chronology in the Central Negev, Israel. ” . In Problems in Prehistory: North Africa and the Levant. S.M.U. Press, Dallas Edited by: Wendorf , F. and Marks , A. E. 351 – 362 .
  • Mein , P. 1979 . Rapport d'activité du groupe de travail vertébrés; mise à jour de la biostratigraphie du Néogène basée sur les mammifères. 7th International Congress of the Mediterranean Neogene. Annales de Géologie des Pays Helleniques (Hors Série) III: 1367 – 1372 .
  • Noy , T. , Schuldenrein , J. and Tchernov , E. 1980 . Gilgal, a pre-pottery Neolithic A site in the lower Jordan Valley . Israel Exploration Journal , 30 : 63 – 82 .
  • Payne , S. and Garrard , A. 1983 . Camelus from the Upper Pleistocene of Mount Carmel, Israel . Journal of Archaeological Science , 10 : 243 – 247 .
  • Pons , A. and Quezel , P. 1985 . “ The history of the flora and vegetation and past and present human disturbance in the Mediterranean region. ” . In Plant conservation in the Mediterranean Area. Dr. W.J. Junk Publishers, The Hague Edited by: Gomez-Campo , C. 25 – 43 .
  • Por , F. C. 1975 . An outline to the zoogeography of the Levant . Zoologica Scripta , 4 : 5 – 20 .
  • Rögl , F. and Steininger , F. F. 1983 . Vom Zerfall der Tethys zu Mediterran und Paratethys. Die Neogene Palaeogeographie und Palinspastik des cirkum-mediterranean Raumes. Annalen des Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien 85(A): 133 – 153 .
  • Ronen , A. and Amiel , A. 1974 . The Evron quarry: a contribution to the Quaternary stratigraphy of the coastal plain of Israel . Paleorient , 2 : 167 – 173 .
  • Ronen , A. and Vandermeersch , B. 1972 . The Upper Paleolithic sequence of the cave of Qafza (Israel) . Quaternaria , 16 : 189 – 202 .
  • Said , R. 1975 . “ The geological evolution of the river Nile. ” . In Problems in Prehistory: North Africa and the Levant. S.M.U. Press, Dallas Edited by: Wendorf , F. and Marks , A. E. 7 – 44 .
  • Savage , R. J.G. and Tchernov , E. 1968 . Miocene mammals of Israel . Proceedings of the Geological Society of London , 1648 : 98 – 101 .
  • Sen , S. and Thomas , H. 1979 . Découverte de rongeurs dans le Miocene moyen de la formation Hofuf (province du Hasa, Arabie Saudite) . Compte-Renduz Sommaire Seance Societé Geologique du France , 1 : 34 – 87 .
  • Shmida , A. and Aronson , J. A. 1986 . Sudanian elements in the flora of Israel . Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden , 73 : 1 – 19 .
  • Sickenberg , O. 1975 . Die Gliederung des hohern und Altquartars in der Turkei nach Vertebraten und ihre Bedeutung fur die Internationale Neogen-Stratigraphie. Geologische Jahrbuch B15: 1 – 167 .
  • Simpson , G. G. 1959 . Evolution and geography. Oregon State Board of Education, Eugene, OR
  • Stekelis , M. 1960 . The Paleolithic deposits of Jisr Banat Yaqub. Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel. (Geology) 61 – 87 .
  • Stekelis , M. , Bar-Yosef , O. and Tchernov , E. 1966 . A prehistoric site near En-Gev . Yediyot Behakirat Eretz-Israel Veatikoteha , 30 : 5 – 22 . (in Hebrew)
  • Tchernov , E. 1968 . A Pleistocene faunule from a Karst fissure filling near Jerusalem, Israel . Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Geselschaft in Basel , 79 : 161 – 185 .
  • Tchernov , E. 1975 . “ Rodent faunas and environmental changes in the Pleistocene of Israel. ” . In Rodents in desert environments Edited by: Prakash , I. and Ghosh , D. K. 331 – 362 . The Hague : Dr. W. Junk Publishers .
  • Tchernov , E. 1976 . “ Some Late Quaternary faunal remains from the Avdat/Aqev area. ” . In Prehistory and Paleoenvironments of the Central Negev Israel. The Avdat/Aqev area. S.M.U. Press, Dallas, Vol. II Edited by: Marks , A. E. 69 – 74 .
  • Tchernov , E. 1979 . “ Quaternary fauna. ” . In The Quaternary of Israel Edited by: Horrowitz , A. 269 – 290 . New York : Academic Press .
  • Tchernov , E. 1980 . The Pleistocene birds of 'Ubeidiya, Jordan Valley 1 – 83 . Jerusalem : Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities .
  • Tchernov , E. 1981 . “ The biostratigraphy of the Middle East. ” . In Colloques Internationaux du C.N.R.S. No. 598. Préhistoire du Levant Maison de l'Orient, Lyon, 10–14 Juin 1980 67 – 97 . Paris : C.N.R.S. . Editions du
  • Tchernov , E. , ed. 1986 . The Lower Pleistocene mammals of 'Ubeidiya (Jordan Valley). Mémoires et Travaux du Centre de Recherche Français de Jerusalem. No. 5. Association Paléorient Paris 405
  • Tchernov , E. 1987 . The age of 'Ubeidiya Formation, an early Pleistocene hominid site in the Jordan Valley, Israel . Israel Journal of Earth Sciences , 36 : 3 – 30 .
  • Tchernov , E. 1988 . “ The paleobiogeographical history of the southern Levant. ” . In The zoogeography of Israel Edited by: Yom-Tov , Y. and Tchemov , E. 159 – 250 . The Hague : Dr. W. Junk Publishers .
  • Tchernov , E. 1989 . The Middle Palaeolithic mammalian sequence and its bearing on the origin and Homo sapiens , International Series 497 Edited by: Bar-Yosef , O. and Vandermeersch , B. 25 – 42 . Investigations in South Levantine Prehistory. BAR, Oxford
  • Tchernov , E. and Bar-Yosef , O. 1982 . Animal exploitations in the pre-pottery neolithic B Period at Wadi Tbeik, Southern Sinai . Paléorient , 8 ( 2 ) : 17 – 37 .
  • Tchernov , E. and Guérin , C. 1986 . “ Conclusion. ” . In The Lower Pleistocene mammals of 'Ubeidiya (Jordan Valley). Mémoires et Travaux du Centre de Recherche Français de Jérusalem. No. 5. Association Paléorient, Paris 351 – 398 .
  • Tchemov , E. , Ginsburg , L. , Tassy , P. and Goldsmith , N. F. 1987 . Miocene mammals of the Negev (Israel) . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology , 7 : 284 – 310 .
  • Thomas , H. 1979 . Le rôle de la barrière écologique de la ceinture Saharo-Arabique au Miocene: arguments paléontologiques . Bulletin de Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. 4 série., section C , 2 : 69 – 72 .
  • Thomas , H. 1981 . La faune de lagrotte aNeandertaliens du Jebel Irhoud (Maroc) . Quartemaria , 23 : 191 – 217 .
  • Thomas , H. 1985 . The Early and Middle Miocene land connection of the Afro-Arabian plateau and Asia: a major event for hominoid dispersal?*. In: Ancestors: The hard evidence. Allan R. Liss, New York 42 – 50 .
  • Thomas , H. , Sen , S. , Khan , M. , Battail , G. and Ligabue , G. 1982 . The Lower Miocene fauna of Al-Sarrar (eastern province, Saudi-Arabia) Atlal . Journal of Saudi Arabian Archaeology , 5 : 109 – 136 .
  • Vandermeersch , B. 1988 . Apropos desplus anciennes sépultres . Bulletin de la Société Préhistorique Français , 85 : 98 – 99 .
  • Van Couvering , J. A.H. 1980 . “ Community evolution in Africa during the late Cenozoic. ” . In Fossil in the Making Edited by: Behrensmeyer , A. K. and Hill , A. P. 272 – 298 . Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
  • Werner , Y. L. 1982 . “ Herpetofaunal survey of the Sinai peninsula (1967–1977), with emphasis on the Saharan community ” . In Herpetological Communities: A Symposium of the Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles and the Herpetologists' League (August, 1977). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Wildlife Research Report 13: Edited by: Scott , N. J. Jr. 153 – 161 .
  • Williams , M. A. J. and Williams , F. M. 1976 . “ Evolution of the Nile basin. ” . In The Nile Edited by: Rzoska , J. The Hague : Dr. W. Junk Publishers .
  • Zahavi , A. and Wahrman , J. 1957 . The cytotaxonomy, ecology and evolution of the gerbils and jirds of Israel (Rodentia) . Mammalia , 21 : 341 – 380 .
  • Ziffer , D. 1978 . A re-evaluation of the upper Palaeolithic industries of Kebara cave and their place in the Aurignacian culture of the Levant . Paleonent , 4 : 273 – 293 .
  • Zohary , M. 1973 . Geobotanical foundations of the Middle East. Fischer, Gustav

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.