Why Income Gaps Persist: Productivity Gaps, (No-)Catch-up and Industrial Policies in Developing Countries

References

• Abramovitz, Moses. 1986. “Catching Up, Forging Ahead, and Falling Behind.” The Journal of Economic History 46 (2): 385–406. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022050700046209
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Acemoglu, Daron, and James A. Robinson. 2013. Why Nations Fail. (Portuguese Version) Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores.
   Google Scholar
• Aggarwal, Sakshi. 2017. “Smile Curve and its Linkages with Global Value Chains.” Journal of Economics Bibliography 4 (3): 278–286.
   Google Scholar
• Akkemik, K. Ali, and Murat A. Yülek. 2020. “‘Made in China 2025’ and The Recent Industrial Policy in China.” In Designing Integrated Industrial Policies for Inclusive Development in Asia and Africa, Vol 1. Edited by Shigero Otsubo, and Christian Otchia, 337–364. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Amsden, Alice H. 1992. Asia’s Next Giant: South Korea and Late Industrialization. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, Philip, and Michael L. Tushman. 1990. “Technological Discontinuities and Dominant Designs: A Cyclical Model of Technological Change.” Administrative Science Quarterly 35 (4): 604–633. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/2393511
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antonelli, Cristiano, and Agnieszka Gehringer. 2017. “Technological Change, Rent and income Inequalities: A Schumpeterian Approach.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 115 (February): 85–98.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arrow, Kenneth J. 1962. “The Economies of Learning by Doing.” The Review of Economic Studies 29 (3): 155–173. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/2295952
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byun, Jeongeun, Tae-Eung Sung, and Hyun-Woo Park. 2018. “Technological Innovation Strategy: How Do Technology Life Cycles Change by Technological Area.” Technology Analysis and Strategic Management 30 (1): 98–112. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2017.1297397
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogoviz, Aleksei V., Vladimir S. Osipov, Marina K. Chistyakova, and Maxim Y. Borisov. 2019. “Comparative Analysis of Formation of Industry 4.0 in Developed and Developing Countries.” In Industry 4.0: Industrial Revolution of the 21st Century, edited by Elena G. Popkova, Yulia V. Ragulina, and Aleksei V. Bogoviz, 155–164. Cham: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Chamberlin, Edward. H. 1937. “Monopolistic or Imperfect Competition?” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 51 (4): 557–580. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/1881679
   Google Scholar
• Chang, Ha-Joon. 2002. Kicking Away the Ladder. Development Strategy in Historical Perspective. London: Anthem Press.
   Google Scholar
• Christensen, Clayton M. 2011. The Innovator’s Dilemma. New York: Harper Business
   Google Scholar
• Dasgupta, Dipankar. 2011 “A Simple Exposition of Learning by Doing in Endogenous Growth Theory.” In Dimensions of Economic Theory and Policy: Essays for Anjan Mukherji. Edited by K. G. Dastidar, Hiranya Mukhopadhyay, and Uday Sinha. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Davis, Ann E. 2018. “Global Production Networks and the Private Organization of World Trade.” Journal of Economic Issues 52 (2): 358–367. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00213624.2018.1469865
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eichengreen, Barry, Donghyun Park, and Kwanho Shin. 2013. “Growth Slowdowns Redux: New Evidence on the Middle–Income Trap.” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Pager 18673.
   Google Scholar
• European House-Ambrosetti Project (The). 2014. Improving European Competitiveness and Integration.
   Google Scholar
• Färe, Rolf, Shawna Grosskopf, Mary Norris, and Zhongyang Zhang. 1994. “Productivity Growth, Technical Progress, and Efficiency Change in Industrialized Countries.” The American Economic Review 84 (1): 66–83.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Felipe, Jesus. 1999. “Total Factor Productivity Growth in East Asia: A Critical Survey.” The Journal of Development Studies 35 (4): 1–41. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00220389908422579
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Felipe, Jesus, Arnelyn Abdon, and Utsav Kumar. 2012. “Tracking the Middle-Income Trap: What is it, Who is in it, and Why?” Levy Economics Institute Working Paper 715.
   Google Scholar
• Felipe, Jesus, and Franklin M. Fisher. 2003. “Aggregation in production Functions: What Applied Economists Should Know.” Metroeconomica 54 (2-3): 208–262. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-999X.00166
   Google Scholar
• Felipe, Jesus, and John McCombie. 2005. “How Sound are the Foundations of the Aggregate Production Function?” Eastern Economic Journal 31 (3): 467–488.
   Google Scholar
• Felipe, Jesus, and John McCombie. 2019. “The Illusions of Calculating TFP and Testing Growth Models: From Cobb–Douglas to Solow and Romer.” ADB Economic Papers 596 (October). https://www.adb.org/publications/total-factor-productivity-testing-growth-models
   Google Scholar
• Forsyth, Douglas J., and Daniel Verdier. (Eds.). 2003. The Origins of National Financial Systems: Alexander Gerschenkron Reconsidered. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Foster, Richard N. 1988. Innovation: The Attacker’s Advantage. New York: Summit Books.
   Google Scholar
• Frederick, Stacey, Penny Bamber, Lukas Brun, Jachan Cho, Gary Gereffi, Joonkoo Lee. 2017. “Korea in Global Value Chains: Pathways for Industrial Transformation.” Joint Project between GVCC and KIET. KIET—Korea Institute for Industrial Economics & Trade, 1–4
   Google Scholar
• Georghiou, Luke, Yanchao Li, Elvira Uyarra, and Jakob Edler. 2010. “Public Procurement for Innovation in Small European Countries.” A Report from the ERA-PRISM: Policies for Research and Innovation in Small Member States to Advance the European Research Area. OMC-Net Project, Brussels.
   Google Scholar
• Gerschenkron, Alexander. 1962. “Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective.” In The Political Economy Reader: Markets as Institutions, edited by Naazneen Barma and Steven Vogel, 211–228. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Gill, Indermit S., and Homi Kharas. (Eds.). 2007. An East Asian Renaissance: Ideas for Economic Growth. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
   Google Scholar
• Göcke, Matthias. 2004. “Learning-by-Doing versus Schooling in a Model of Endogenous Growth.” Journal of Economics 83 (1): 47–69. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00712-003-0064-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goda, Thomas. 2016. “Global Trends in Relative and Absolute Income Inequality.” Ecos de Economía 20 (42): 46–69. doi:https://doi.org/10.17230/ecos.2016.42.3
   Google Scholar
• Herčko, Jozef, Eva Slamková, and Jozef Hnát. 2015. “Industry 4.0 as a Factor of Productivity Increase.” TRANSCOM Conference, June 22–24, 2015. Žilina Slovakia: TRANSCOM.
   Google Scholar
• Iammarino, Simona, Andrés Rodríguez-Pose, and Michael Storper. 2018. “Regional Inequality in Europe: Evidence, Theory and Policy Implications.” Journal of Economic Geography 19 (2): 273–298.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joo, Si Hyung, and Keun Lee. 2010. “Samsung’s Catch-Up with Sony: An Analysis Using U.S. Patent Data.” Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy 15 (3): 271–287. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13547860.2010.494907
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, Chalmers. 1982. MITI and the Japanese Miracle: The Growth of Industrial Policy, 1925–1975. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, Chalmers. 1999. “The Developmental State: Odyssey of a Concept.” In The Developmental State, edited by Meredith Woo-Cumings, 32–60. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Joseph, Ugesh A. 2016. The ‘Made in Germany’ Champion Brands: Nation Branding, Innovation and World Export Leadership. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Kant, Chander. 2019. “Income Convergence and the Catch-Up Index.” The North American Journal of Economics and Finance 48 (April): 613–627. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.najef.2018.07.017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kattel, Rainer, and Veiko Lember. 2010. “Public Procurement as an Industrial Policy Tool: An Option for Developing Countries.” Journal of Public Procurement 10 (3): 368–404. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/JOPP-10-03-2010-B003
   Google Scholar
• Krugman, Paul R. 1997. The Age of Diminished Expectations: U.S. Economic Policy in the 1990s. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kurz, Mordecai. 2017. “On the Formation of Capital and Wealth: IT, Monopoly Power and Rising Inequality.” Information Systems & Economics Journal, June 25, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Luh, Yir-Hueih and Spiro E. Stefanou. 1993. “Learning-by-Doing and the Sources of Productivity Growth: A Dynamic Model with Application to U.S. Agriculture.” Journal of Productivity Analysis 4 (4): 353–370. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01073544
   Google Scholar
• Mandado, Enrique. 2008. “Vínculo Permanente: Los Ingenieros no Somos Científicos.” Available at: https://enriquemandadoperez.wordpress.com/2008/11/20/los-ingenieros-no-somos-cientificos/. Accessed May 18, 2020.
   Google Scholar
• McKinnon, Ronald I. 1973. Money and Capital in Economic Development. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Commerce of People’s Republic of China. 2016. “Interpretation on the 13th Five-Year Plan for Commercial Development by the Principal of the Comprehensive Department of the Ministry of Commerce,” July 14, 2016. http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/newsrelease/policyreleasing/201607/20160701360438.shtml
   Google Scholar
• Monostori, László. 2014. “Cyber-Physical Production Systems: Roots, Expectations and R&D Challenges.” Procedia CIRP 17: 9–13.
   Google Scholar
• Nelson, Richard R., and Sidney G. Winter. 1977. “In Search of a Useful Theory of Innovation.” In Innovation, Economic Change and Technology Policies, edited by Karl A. Stroetmann, 215–245. Basel: Birkhäuser.
   Google Scholar
• O’Shaughnessy, John, and Nicholas J. O’Shaughnessy. 2000. “Treating the Nation as a Brand: Some Neglected Issues” Journal of Macromarketing 20 (1): 56–64. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0276146700201006
   Google Scholar
• OECD 2001. Measuring Productivity. Measurement of Aggregate and Industry-level Productivity Growth. OECD Manual: Paris: OECD
   Google Scholar
• Pack, Howard, and Richard R. Nelson . 1999. “The Asian Miracle and Modern Growth Theory.” The World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-1881.
   Google Scholar
• Parada, Jairdo J. 2018. “Veblen’s Imperial Germany and the Industrialization of Latin America.” Journal of Economic Issues 52(3): 637–652. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00213624.2018.1495987
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qin, Jian, Ying Liu, and Roger Grosvenor. 2016. “A Categorical Framework of Manufacturing for Industry 4.0 and Beyond.” Procedia CIRP 52: 173–178. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2016.08.005
   Google Scholar
• Ravenhill, John. (Ed.). 2017. Global Political Economy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Resosudarmo, Budy P., and Yogi Vidyattama,. 2006. “Regional Income Disparity in Indonesia: A Panel Data Analysis.” ASEAN Economic Bulletin 23 (1): 31–44. doi:https://doi.org/10.1355/AE23-1C
   Google Scholar
• Robinson, Joan. 1933. The Economics of Imperfect Competition. London: Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Retallack, James. (Ed.). 2008. Imperial Germany 1871–1918. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Romer, Paul M. 1986. “Increasing Returns and Long-Run Growth.” Journal of Political Economy 94 (5): 1002–1037. doi:https://doi.org/10.1086/261420
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romer, Paul. 1993. “Idea Gaps and Object Gaps in Economic Development.” Journal of Monetary Economics 32 (3): 543–573. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3932(93)90029-F
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rungi, Armando, and Davide Del Prete. 2018. “The Smile Curve at the Firm Level: Where Value is Added along Supply Chains.” Economics Letters 164 (March): 38–42. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2017.12.038
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santos, Gilberto, Sergio Gomes, Vitor Braga, Alexandra Maria da Silva Braga, Vanda Lima, Paulo Teixeira, José Carlos Sá. 2019. “Value Creation through Quality and Innovation—A Case Study on Portugal.” The TQM Journal 31 (6): 928–947. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/TQM-12-2018-0223
   Google Scholar
• Schuh, Günther, Till Potente, Cathrin Wesch-Potente, Anja Ruth Weber, Jan-Philipp Prote. 2014. “Collaboration Mechanisms to Increase Productivity in the Context of Industrie 4.0.” Procedia CIRP 19: 51–56. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2014.05.016
   Google Scholar
• Schwab, Klaus. 2016. The Fourth Industrial Revolution. World Economic Forum. (Portuguese version.) Levoir, Portugal.
   Google Scholar
• Shaw, Edward. 1973. Financial Deepening in Economic Development. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Shin, Namchul, Kenneth L. Kraemer, and Jason Dedrick. 2012. “Value Capture in the Global Electronics Industry: Empirical Evidence for the “Smiling Curve” Concept.” Industry and Innovation 19 (2): 89–107. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13662716.2012.650883
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stiglitz, Joseph E. 1989. “Markets, Market Failures, and Development.” The American Economic Review 79 (2): 197–203.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stiglitz, Joseph E., and Bruce C. Greenwald. 2015. Creating a Learning Society: A New Approach to Growth, Development, and Social Progress. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-17549-4.
   Google Scholar
• Storper, Michael. 2018, “Separate Worlds? Explaining the Current Wave of Regional Economic Polarization.” Journal of Economic Geography 18 (2): 247–270. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lby011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stöllinger, Roman. 2019. “Testing the Smile Curve: Functional Specialization in GVCs and Value Creation.” wiiw Working Paper No. 163.
   Google Scholar
• Taglioni, Daria, and Deborah Winkler. 2016. Making Global Value Chains Work for Development. Washington, DC: World Bank.
   Google Scholar
• Tipnis, Vijay A. 1994. “Challenges in Product Strategy, Product Planning and Technology Development for Product Life Cycle Design.” CIRP Annals 43 (1): 157–162. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-8506(07)62186-6
   Google Scholar
• Tiryakioğlu, Murad, and Murat A Yülek. 2015. “Development-Based Public Procurement Policies: A Selective Survey of Literature, Cross-Country Policy Experience and the Turkish Experience.” Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research 28 (3): 344–359. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610.2015.1056723
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tortorella, Guilherme Luz, and Diego Fettermann. 2018. “Implementation of Industry 4.0 and Lean Production in Brazilian Manufacturing Companies.” International Journal of Production Research 56 (8): 2975–2987. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2017.1391420
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veblen, Thorstein B. 1899. The Theory of the Leisure Class: An Economic Study in the Evolution of Institutions. New York: Macmillan Company.
   Google Scholar
• Veblen, Thorstein B. (1915) 1964. Imperial Germany and the Industrial Revolution. Reprinted: New York: Augustus M. Kelley.
   Google Scholar
• Waller, William T., Jr. 1982 “The Evolution of the Veblenian Dichotomy: Veblen, Hamilton, Ayres, and Foster.” Journal of Economic Issues 16 (3): 757–771. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00213624.1982.11504031
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woo-Cumings, Meredith. (Ed.). 2019. The Developmental State. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
   Google Scholar
• World Bank. 1993. East Asian Miracle: Economic Growth and Public Policy. World Bank, Policy Research Department.
   Google Scholar
• World Bank. 2019: “Closer Together or Further Apart? Subnational Regional Disparities and Adjustment in Advanced Economies.” World Development Report. Washington, DC: World Bank.
   Google Scholar
• Wright, T. P. 1936. “Factors Affecting the Cost of Airplanes.” Journal of the Aeronautical Sciences 3 (4): 122–128. doi:https://doi.org/10.2514/8.155
   Google Scholar
• Xing, Yuqing, and Neal C. Detert. 2010. “How the iPhone Widens the U.S. Trade Deficits with the PRC?” National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies, GRIPS Discussion Papers 10–21.
   Google Scholar
• Xu, Li Da, Eric L. Xu, Ling Li. 2018. “Industry 4.0: State of the Art and Future Trends.” International Journal of Production Research 56 (8): 2941–2962. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2018.1444806
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yilmaz, Ensar, and Sinem Sefil-Tansever. 2019. “Income Distribution and Redistribution.” Journal of Economic Issues 53 (4): 1103–1125. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00213624.2019.1675449
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yülek, Murat A. 1997. “Financial Repression in Japan During the High Growth Period (1953–73).” METU Studies in Development 24: 575–595.
   Google Scholar
• Yülek, Murat A. 2016. “Industrial Policies and Outcomes: A Comparison of Pre-Liberalized Korean and Turkish Economies.” Journal of Comparative Asian Development 15 (1): 179–200.
   Google Scholar
• Yülek, Murat A. 2017. “Why Governments May Opt for Financial Repression Policies: Selective Credits and Endogenous Growth.” Economic Research-Ekonomska istraživanja 30 (1): 1390–1405. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2017.1355252
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yülek, Murat A. 2018. How Nations Succeed. Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Yülek, Murat A., Kwon Hyung Lee, Jungsuk Kim, and Donghyun Park. 2020. “State Capacity and the Role of Industrial Policy in Automobile Industry: A Comparative Analysis of Turkey and South Korea.” Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade 20: 307–331. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10842-019-00327-y
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yülek, Murat A., and Travis K. Taylor. (Eds.). 2011. Designing Public Procurement Policy in Developing Countries: How to Foster Technology Transfer and Industrialization in the Global Economy. New York: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Yülek, Murat A., and Murad Tiryakioğlu. 2014. “Development-Based Public Procurement Policies: A Selective Survey of Policy Experience.” Supplement to the 2013 Annual Statistical Report on United Nations Procurement.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang, Zhenji, Shifeng Liu, Mincong Tang. 2014. “Industry 4.0: Challenges and Opportunities for Chinese Manufacturing Industry.” Technical Gazette 21 (6): 3–4.
   Google Scholar