Reproductive and morphological comparisons of drones reared in queenright and laying worker colonies

REFERENCES

• ALPATOV W W (1929) Biometrical studies on variation and races of the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.). Quarterly Review of Biology 4: 1–58.
   Google Scholar
• BERG, S (1991) Investigation on the rates of large and small drones at a drone congregation area. Apidologie 22: 437–438.
   Google Scholar
• BERG, S; KOENIGER, N; KOENIGER, G; FUCHS, S (1997) Body size and reproductive success of drones (Apis mellifera L). Apidologie 28: 449–460.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BUTLER, C G (1957) The control of ovary development in worker honeybees (Apis mellifera). Experientia 13: 256–257.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• COLLINS, A M; PETTIS, J S (2001) Effect of varroa infestation on semen quality. American Bee Journal 141: 590–593.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CURRIE, R W; JAY, S C (1988) The influence of a colony's queen state, time of year, and drifting behaviour, on the acceptance and longevity of adult drone honeybees (Apis mellifera L.). Journal of Apicultural Research 27: 219–226.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DEDEJ, S; NAZZI, F (1994) Two distances of forewing venation as estimates of wing size. Journal of Apicultural Research 33: 59–61.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DE GROOT, A P; VOOGD, S (1954) On the ovary development in queenless worker bees (Apis mellificae L.). Experientia 10: 384–385.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DUAY, P; DE JONG, D; ENGELS, W (2002) Decreased flight performance and sperm production in drones of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) slightly infested by Var- roa destructor mites during pupal development. Genetics and Molecular Research 1: 227–232.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DUAY, P; DE JONG, D; ENGELS, W (2003) Weight loss in drone pupa (Apis mellifera)multiply infested by Varroa destructor mites. Apidologie 34: 61–65.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EBADI, R; GARY, N E (1980) Factors affecting survival, migration of spermatozoa and onset of oviposition in instrumentally inseminated queen honeybees. Journal of Apicultural Research 19: 96–104.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FRANCK, P; KOENIGER, N; LAHNER, G; CREWE R M; SOLIGNAC M (2000) Evolution of extreme polyandry: an estimate of mating frequency in two African honeybee subspecies, Apis mellifera monticola and A. m. scutellata. Insectes Sociaux 47: 364–370.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HARBO, J R; SZABO, T I (1984) A comparison of instrumentally inseminated and naturally mated queens. Journal of Apicultural Research 23: 31–36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JAY, S C (1968) Factors influencing ovary development of worker honeybees under natural conditions. Canadian Journal of Zoology 46: 345–347.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KAFTANOGLU, O; PENG, Y S (1982) Effects of insemination on the initiation of oviposition in the queen honeybee. Journal of Apicultural Research 21: 3–6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KOENIGER, G; KOENIGER, N; FABRITIUS, M (1979) Some detailed observations of mating in the honey bee. Bee World 60: 53–57.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MACKENSEN, O (1955) Experiments in the technique of artificial insemination of queen bees. Journal of Economic Entomology 48: 418–421.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MACKENSEN, O; TUCKER, K W (1970) Instrumental insemination of queen bees. Agriculture Handbook No: 390; Agricultural Research Service, USDA; Washington, USA; 28 pp.
   Google Scholar
• NAZZI, F (1992) Morphometric analysis of honey bees from an area of racial hybridization in northeastern Italy. Apidologie 23: 89–96.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OLDROYD, B P; CLIFTON, M J; WONGSIRI, S; RINDERER, T E; SYLVESTER, H A; CROZIER, R H (1997) Polyandry in the genus Apis, particularly Apis andreni- formis. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 40: 17–26.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PAGE, R E JR; ERICKSON, E H JR (1988) Reproduction by worker honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 23: 117–126.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PETTIS, J S; HIGO, H A; PANKIW, T; WINSTON, M L (1997) Queen rearing suppression in the honey bee-evidence for a fecundity signal. Insectes Sociaux 44: 311–322.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RATNIEKS, F L W; VISCHER, P K (1989) Worker policing in honeybees. Nature 342: 796–797.
   Google Scholar
• RINDERER, T E; COLLINS, A M; PESANTE, D (1985) A comparison of Africanized and European drones: weights, mucus gland and seminal vesicle weights, and counts of spermatozoa. Apidologie 16: 407–412.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RUTTNER, F (1988a) Breeding techniques and selection for breeding of the honeybee. British Isles of Bee Breeders' Association; Derby, UK; 151 pp.
   Google Scholar
• RUTTNER, F (1988b) Biogeography and taxonomy of honeybees. Springer-Verlag; Berlin, Germany; 284 pp.
   Google Scholar
• RUTTNER, F; HESSE, B (1979) Rassenspezifische unterschiede in ovarentwicklung und eiablage von weisellosen arbeiterinnen der honigbiene Apis mellifera L. Apidologie 12: 159–183.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RUTTNER, F; TASSENCOURT, L; LOUVEAUX, J (1978) Biometrical-statistical analysis of the geographical variability of Apis mellifera L. 1. Material and methods. Apidologie 9(4): 363–381.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SCHLÜNS, H; SCHLÜNS, E A; VAN PRAAGH, J; MORITZ, R F A (2003) Sperm numbers in drone honeybees (Apis mellifera) depend on body size. Apidologie 34: 577–584.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VISSCHER, P K (1989) A quantitative study of worker reproduction in honey bee colonies. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 25: 247–254.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VISSCHER, P K (1998) Colony integration and reproductive conflict in honey bees. Apidologie 29: 23–45.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WINSTON, M L (1987) The biology of the honey bee. Harvard University Press; Cambridge, MA, USA; 281 pp.
   Google Scholar
• WOYKE, J (1962) Natural and artificial insemination of queen honeybees. Bee World 43: 21–25.
   Google Scholar
• WOYKE, J (1977) Comparative biometrical investigation on diploid drones of the honeybee. I. The head. Journal of Apicultural Research 16: 131–142.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WOYKE, J (1979) Effect of the access of worker honeybees to the queen on the result of instrumental insemination. Journal of Apicultural Research 19: 136–143.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WOYKE, J (1989) Correct queen maintenance before and after instrumental insemination tested in Egypt. Journal of Apicultural Research 28: 187–190.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WOYKE, J; JASINSKI, Z (1976) The influence of age on the results of instrumental insemination of honeybee queens. Apidologie 7(4): 301–306.
   Google Scholar