Pollen composition and standardisation of analytical methods

References

• ALMEIDA-MURADIAN, L B; BERA, A; FELSNER, M L; CANO, C B (2007) Produtos Apícolas. In: Almeida-Muradian, L B; Penteado, M D V C Vigilância sanitária: tópicos sobre legislação e análise de alimentos. Ed. Guanabara. 183–198.
   Google Scholar
• ALMEIDA-MURADIAN, L B; PAMPLONA, L C; COIMBRA, S; BARTH, O M (2005) Chemical composition and botanical evaluation of dried bee pollen pellets. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 18(1): 105–111.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BASTOS, D H M; BARTH, M O; ROCHA, C I; CUNHA, I B S; CARVALHO, P O; TORRES, E A S; MICHELAN, M (2004) Fatty acid composition and palynological analysis of bee (Apis) pollen loads in the states of Sao Paulo and Minas Gerais, Brazil. Journal of Apicultural Research 43(2): 35–39.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BELL, R R; THORNBER, E J; SEET, J L L; GROVES, M T; HO, N P; BELL, D T (1983) Composition and protein quality of honey bee collected pollen of Eucalyptus marginata and Eucalyptus calophylla. Journal of Nutrition 113(12): 2479–2484.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BEVZO, V V; GRYGOR'EVA, N P (1997) Effect of bee pollen extract on glutathione system activity in mouse liver under X-ray irradiation. Ukrainskii biokhimicheskii zhurnal. 69(4): 115–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BOGDANOV, S; MARTIN, P; LÜLLMANN, C (1997) Harmonised methods of the European Honey Commission. Apidologie Les Ulis, suppl., 59.
   Google Scholar
• BOGDANOV, S (2004) Quality standards of bee pollen and beeswax. Apiacta 39: 334–341.
   Google Scholar
• BOGDANOV, S (2006) Contaminants of bee products. Apidologie 38: 1–18
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BRASIL MINISTÉRIO DA SAÚDE AGÊNCIA NACIONAL DE VIGILÂNCIA SANITÀRIA LEGISLAÇÃO VISALEGIS (2001) Instrução normativa n. 3, de 19 de Janeiro de 2001. Aprova os regulamentos técnicos de identidade e qualidade de apitoxina, cera de abelha, geléia real, geléia real liofilizada, pólen apícola, própolis e extrato de própolis. [Available at: http://e-legis.bvs.br/leisref/public/showAct.php?id=12479word]
   Google Scholar
• BRUNETON, J (1999) Pharmacognosie: phytochimie & plantes medicinales. Ed. Tec & Doc.—Lavoisier 3^aed. Revise. 758 ISBN: 2–7430–0315–4.
   Google Scholar
• BULGARIAN STANDARD 2567111–91
   Google Scholar
• CAMPOS, M G; MARKHAM, K; CUNHA, A (1996) Quality assessment of bee-pollens using flavonoid/phenolic profiles Bulletin Groupe Polyphenols 18: 54–55.
   Google Scholar
• CAMPOS, M G (1997) Caracterização do polen apicola pelo seu perfil em compostos fenolicos e pesquisa de algumas actividades biologicas. PhD thesis. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
   Google Scholar
• CAMPOS, M G; MARKHAM, K; CUNHA, A (1997a) Bee-pollen:composition, properties and applications. In Mizrahi, A (Ed) Bee Products. Plenum Publishing Company; London, UK. 93–100.
   Google Scholar
• CAMPOS, M G; MARKHAM, K R; MITCHELL, K A; DA CUNHA, A P (1997b) An approach to the characterization of bee pollens via their flavonoid/phenolic profiles. Phytochemical Analysis 8(3): 181–185.
   Google Scholar
• CAMPOS, M G; WEBBY, R F; MARKHAM, K R; MITCHELL, K A; CUNHA, A P (2003) Age-induced diminution of free radical scavenging capacity in bee pollens and the contribution of constituent flavonoids. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 51: 742–745.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• COCAN, O; MARGHITAS, L A; DEZMIREAN, D; LASLO, L (2005) Composition and biological activities of bee pollen: review. Bulletin of the University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine 61: 221–226.
   Google Scholar
• CONTI, M E, BOTRE, F (2001) Honey bees and their products as potential bioindicators of heavy metal contamination. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 69(3): 267–282.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DUDOV, I A; STARODUB, N F (1994) Antioxidant system of rat erythrocytes under conditions of prolonged intake honey bee flower pollen load. Ukrainskiĭ biokhimicheskiĭzhurnal 66(6): 94–96.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• FLECHE, C; CLÉMENT M C; ZEGGANE, S; FAUCON, J P (1997) Contamination of bee products and risks for human health:the situation in France. Revue Scientifique et Technique de l'Office international Des Epizooties 16(2): 609–619.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GERGEN, I; RADU, F; BORDEAN, D; ISENGARD, H D (2006) Determination of water content in bee pollen samples by Karl Fischer titration. Food Control 17(3): 176–179.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HAMAMOTO, R; ISHIYAMA, K; YAMAGUCHI, M (2006) Inhibitory effects of bee pollen Cistus ladaniferus extract on bone resorption in femoral tissues and osteoclast-like cell formation in bone marrow cells in vitro. Journal of Health Science 52(3): 268–275.
   Google Scholar
• HARO, A; LÓPEZ-ALIAGA, I; LISBONA, F; BARRIONUEVO, M; ALFÉREZ, M J; CAMPOS, M S (2000) Beneficial effect of pollen and/or propolis on the metabolism of iron, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in rats with nutritional ferropenic anemia. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 48: 5715–5722.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HERBERT, E W; SHIMANUKI, H (1978) Chemical composition and nutritive value of bee collected and bee stored pollen. Apidologie 9(1): 33–40.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HODGES, D (1952) The pollen loads of the honey bee. Bee Research Association; London
   Google Scholar
• HUMAN, H; NICOLSON, S W (2006) Nutritional content of fresh, bee-collected and stored pollen of Aloe greatheadii vac. davyana (Asphodelaceae). Phytochemistry 67: 1486–1492
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IANNUZZI, J (1993) Pollen: food for honey bee and man? III. American Bee Journal 133(8): 557–563.
   Google Scholar
• JABLONSKI, B; KOLTOWSKI, Z; MARCINKOWSKI, J; RYBAK-CHMIELEWSKA, H; SZCZESNA, T (1995) ZawartośČ metali cięzkich (Pb, Cd I Cu) w nektarze, miodzie i pyłku pochodzącym z roslin rosnących przy szlakach komunikacyJnych [Contamination of nectar, honey and pollen collected from roadside plants]. Pszczelnicze Zeszyty Naukowe. 40: 129–144.
   Google Scholar
• KRELL, R. (1996) Value added products from beekeeping. FAO Agricultural Services Bulletin 124: 87–113.
   Google Scholar
• KOSMIDER, K; WÓJCICKI, J; SAMOCHOWIEC, L; WOYKE, M; GÓRNIK, W (1983) Effect of cerniton on platelet aggregation In vivo. Herba Polonica 29: 237.
   Google Scholar
• KUBIK, M; NOWACKI, J; PIDEK, A; WARAKOMSKA, Z; MICHALCZUK, L; GOSZCZYNSKI, W (1999) Pesticide residues in bee products collected from cherry trees protected during blooming period with contact and systemic fungicides. Apidologie 30(6): 521–532.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LEITA, L; MUHLBACHOVA, G; CESCO, S; BARBATTINI, R; MONDINI, C (1996) Investigation of the use of honey bees and honey bee products to assess heavy metal contamination. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 43: 1–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LIEBELT, R A; LYLE, D; WALKER, J (1994) Effects of a bee pollen diet on survival and growth of inbred strains of mice. American Bee Journal 34 (9): 615–620.
   Google Scholar
• LIN, X L; ZHU, L Q; YUAN, Y Y; LI, L M (1990) Morphological changes in aged canine prostatic hyperplasia treated with bee pollen. Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs 21: 164–166.
   Google Scholar
• LINSKENS, H F; JORDE, W (1997) Pollen as food and medicine:a review. Economic Botany 51(1): 78–87.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LOUVEAUX, J; MAURIZIO, A; VORWOHL, G (1978) Methods of melissopalynology. Bee World 59(4): 139–157.
   Google Scholar
• MALONE, L A; PHAM-DELÈGUE, M H (2001) Effects of transgene products on honey bees (Apis mellifera) and bumble bees (Bombus sp.) Apidologie 32:287–304.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MEDINA, A; GONZÁLEZ, G; SÁEZ, J M; MATEO, R; JIMÉNEZ, M (2004) Bee pollen, a substrate that stimulates ochratoxin A production by Aspergillus ochraceus Wilh. Systematic and Applied Microbiology 27(2): 261–267.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MORETI, A C C C; MARCHINI, L C; SOUZA, V C; RODRIGUES, R R (2002) Atlas do pólen de plantas apícolas. Rio de Janeiro; Papel Virtual. 89.
   Google Scholar
• OLIVEIRA, K C L (2006) Caracterização do pólen apícola e utilização de vitaminas antioxidantes como indicadoras do processo de desidratação”. Master Dissertation. Pharmaceutical Science School, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
   Google Scholar
• POLISH LEGISLATION FOR BEE-POLLEN PN-R-78893 “Obnóza pylkowe”
   Google Scholar
• RABIE, A L; WELLS, J D; DENT L K (1983) The nitrogen content of pollen protein. Journal of Apicultural Research 22(2): 119–123.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• REGULATION (EC) No 1829/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council. http://eur-lex.europa.eu
   Google Scholar
• RIMPLER, M (2003) Von bienen gesammelte blütenpollen: eigenschaften und vetwendung. Ärztezeitschrift Für Naturheilverfahren 44(3): 158–165.
   Google Scholar
• SAMOCHOWIEC, L; WÓJCICKI, J (1981) Effect of pollen on serum and liver lipids in rats fed on a high-lipid diet. Herba Polonica 27: 33
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SERRA-BONVEHI, J; GONELL GALINDO, J; GOMEZ PAJUELO, A (1986) Estudio de la composicion y caracteristicas fisico-quimicas del polen de abeJas. Alimentaria 63–67.
   Google Scholar
• SERRA-BONVEHI, J; MARTI CASANOVA, T (1987) Estudio analitico para determinar la humedad del polen. Anales de Bromatologia 39(2): 339–349.
   Google Scholar
• SERRA-BONVEHI, J; ESCOLA JORDA, R (1997) Nutrient composition and microbiological quality of honey bee collected pollen in Spain. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 45: 725–732.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SOLBERG, Y; REMEDIOS, G (1980) Chemical composition of pure and bee collected pollen. Scientific Reports Agricultural University, Norway 59(18): 2–12.
   Google Scholar
• STANLEY, R G; LINSKENS, H F (1974) Pollen: biology, biochemistry, management. Springer-Verlag; Berlin, Heidelberg.
   Google Scholar
• SWISS FOOD MANUAL: Pollen Bienenprodukte, BAG -Swiss Federal Office for Public Health
   Google Scholar
• SZCZESNA, T; RYBAK-CHMIELEWSKA, H; BORNUS, L (1991) Effect du stockage du pollen recolte par les abeilles sur la variation du contenue en vitamines A et C. Apiacta 36(2):33.
   Google Scholar
• SZCZESNA, T; RYBAK-CHMIELEWSKA, H; ARCIUCH, H (1993) Zastosowanie anodoweJ woltamperometrii inwersyJneJ do oznaczania Cd, Pb I Cu W obnózach pyłkowych. Pszczelnicze Zeszyty Naukowe 37: 171–174.
   Google Scholar
• SZCZESNA, T; RYBAK-CHMIELEWSKA, H; SKOWRONEK, W (1995a) Wpływ uttwalania na wartośç biologiczna obnózy pyłkowych [The effect of preservation on the biological quality of the pollen loads]. Pszczelnicze Zeszyty Naukowe 39(1): 177–187.
   Google Scholar
• SZCZESNA, T; RYBAK-CHMIELEWSKA, H; SKOWRONEK, W (1995b) Zmiany w skladzie chemicznym obnózy pyJkowych zachodzace podczas ich przechowywania w róznych warunkach. I. cukry, tjuszcz, popiól [Alterations in the chemical composition of the pollen loads stored under various conditions. I. sugars, fat and ash]. Pszczelnicze Zeszyty Naukowe 40: 145–156.
   Google Scholar
• SZCZESNA, T; RYBAK-CHMIELEWSKA, H; SKOWRONEK, W (1995c) Zmiany w składzie chemicznym obnózy pyłkowych zachodzące podczas ich przechowywania w róznych warunkach. III.witamina C i prowitamina A (μ- karoten) [Alterations in the chemical composition of the pollen loads stored under various conditions. III vitamin C and provitamin A (μ-carotene)]. Pszczelnicze Zeszyty Naukowe 40: 171–189.
   Google Scholar
• SZCZESNA, T; RYBAK-CHMIELEWSKA, H; SKOWRONEK, W (1995d) Zmiany w składzie chemicznym obnózy pyłkowych zachodzące podczas ich przechowywania w rózych warunkach. IV kwasowość ogólna i czynna (pH) [Alterations in the chemical composition of the pollen loads stored under various conditions. IV total and active acidities]. Pszczelnicze Zeszyty Naukowe 40: 191–207.
   Google Scholar
• SZCZESNA, T; RYBAK-CHMIELEWSKA, H (1998) Some properties of honey bee collected pollen. In Polnisch-Deutsches Symposium Salus Apis Mellifera, new demands for honey bee breeding in the 21st century. Pszczelnicze Zeszyty Naukowe 42(2):79–80.
   Google Scholar
• SZCZESNA, T; RYBAK-CHMIELEWSKA, H; CHMIELEWSKI, W. (1999) Effect of infestation of pollen loads with acarid mites on amino acid content and organoleptic characteristics of the product. Pszczelnicze Zeszyty Naukowe 43: 235–245.
   Google Scholar
• SZCZESNA, T; RYBAK-CHMIELEWSKA, H; CHMIELEWSKI, W (2002) Sugar composition of pollen loads harvested at different periods of the beekeeping season. Journal of Apicultural Science 46(2): 107–115.
   Google Scholar
• TALPAY, B M (1984) Der pollen. Versuch einer standortbestimmung. Institut Für Honigfroschung Bremen: 1–84.
   Google Scholar
• TOMAS-BARBERAN, F et al. (1989) Flavonoids as biochemical markers of the plant origin of bee pollen. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 47(3): 337–340.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VILLANUEVA, M T O; MARQUINA, A D; SERRANO, R B; ABELLÁN, G B (2002) The importance of bee-collected pollen in the diet: a study of its composition. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 53(3): 217–224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WANG, M S; FAN, H F; XU, H J (1993) Effects of bee pollen on blood and hemopoietic system in mice and rats. Chinese Traditional Herbs and Drugs 588–591, 601
   Google Scholar
• WÓJCICKI, J; KÓSMIDER, K; SAMOCHOWIEC, L; WOYKE, M (1983) Clinical evaluation of cerniton as lipid lowering agent. Herba Polonica 29: 55.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YAMAGUCHI, M; HAMAMOTO, R; UCHIYAMA, S; ISHIYAMA, K; HASHIMOTO, K (2006) Anabolic effects of bee pollen Cistus ladaniferus extract on bone components in the femoral diaphyseal and metaphyseal tissues of rats in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Health Science 52(1): 43–49
   Google Scholar
• YASUMOTO, R; KAWANISHI, H; TSUJINO, T; TSUJITA, M; NISHISAKA, N; HORII, A; KISHIMOTO, T (1995) Clinical evaluation of long term treatment using cernitin pollen extract in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Clinical Therapeutics 17(1): 82–87.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar