References

• BOECKING, O; SPIVAK, M (1999) Behavioural defences of honey bees against Varroa jacobsoni Oud. Apidologie 30: 141–158.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BUCHHOLZ, S; SCHÄFER, M O; SPIEWOK, S; PETTIS, J S; DUNCAN, M; RITTER, W; SPOONER-HART R; NEUMANN, P (2008) Alternative food sources of Aethina tumida (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae). Journal of Apicultural Research 47(3): 202–209.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BURGETT M; BURIKAM, I (1985) Number of adult honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) occupying a comb: a standard for estimating colony populations. Journal of Economic Entomology 78: 1154–1156.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EL-NIWEIRI, M A A; EL-SARRAG, M S; NEUMANN, P (2008) Filling the Sudan gap: The northernmost natural distribution limit of small hive beetles. Journal of Apicultural Research 47(3): 184–185.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ELLIS, J D; NEUMANN, P; HEPBURN, H R; ELZEN, P J (2002) Longevity and reproductive success of Aethina tumida (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) fed different natural diets. Journal of Economic Entomology 95(5): 902–907.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ELLIS, J D; HEPBURN, H R; DELAPLANE, K S; ELZEN, P J (2003a) A scientific note on small hive beetle (Aethina tumida) oviposition and behaviour during European (Apis mellifera) honey bee clustering and absconding events. Journal of Apicultural Research 42(1–2): 47–48.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ELLIS, J D; RICHARDS, C S; HEPBURN, H R; ELZEN, P J (2003b) Oviposition by small hive beetles elicits hygienic responses from Cape honey bees. Naturwissenschaften 90(11): 532–535.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ELLIS, J D; RICHARDS, C S; HEPBURN, H R; ELZEN, P J (2004) Hygienic behaviour of Cape and European Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) toward Aethina tumida (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) eggs oviposited in sealed bee brood. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 97(4): 860–864.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ELLIS, J D (2005) Reviewing the confinement of small hive beetles (Aethina tumida) by western honey bees (Apis mellifera). Bee World 86(3): 56–62.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ELZEN, P J (2000) A scientific note on observations of the small hive beetle, Aethina tumida Murray (Coleoptera, Nitidulidae), in Florida, USA. Apidologie 31: 593–594.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DE GUZMAN, L I; FRANKE, A M; RINDERER T E (2008) Detection and removal of brood infested with eggs and larvae of small hive beetles (Aethina tumida Murray) by Russian honey bees. Journal of Apicultural Research 47(3): 216–221.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HARRIS, J W (2007) Bees with Varroa Sensitive Hygiene preferentially remove mite infested pupae aged ≤ five days post capping. Journal of Apicultural Research 46(3): 134–139.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HASSAN, A R; NEUMANN, P (2008) A survey for the small hive beetle in Egypt. Journal of Apicultural Research 47(3): 186–187.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HEPBURN, H R; RADLOFF, S E (1998) Honey bees of Africa. Springer Verlag; Berlin, Germany.
   Google Scholar
• LUNDIE, A E (1940) The Small Hive Beetle: Aethina tumida. Science Bulletin 220, Union of South Africa Department of Agriculture and Forestry, Entomological Series 3. 30 pp.
   Google Scholar
• MARTIN, C; PROVOST E; BAGNERES, A G; ROUX, M; CLEMENT, J L; LE CONTE, Y (2002) Potential mechanism for detection by Apis mellifera of the parasitic mite Varroa destructor inside sealed brood cells. Physiological Entomology 27(3): 175–188.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MARTIN, S J (2001) Biology and life history of varroa mites. In (T C Webster, K S Delaplane, eds.) Mites of the Honey Bee, Dadant and Sons, Inc.; Hamilton, Illinois, USA. pp. 131–148.
   Google Scholar
• MÜRRLE, T; NEUMANN, P (2004) Mass production of small hive beetles (Aethina tumida Murray, Coleoptera: Nitidulidae). Journal of Apicultural Research 43: 144–145.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NAZZI, F; DELLA VEDOVA, G; D'AGARO, M (2004) A semiochemical from brood cells infested by Varroa destructor triggers hygienic behaviour in Apis mellifera. Apidologie 35(1):65–70.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NAZZI, F; MILANI, N (2007) Chemical interactions between Apis mellifera L. and Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman, from the biological knowledge to the prospects for the control. Redia 90: 83–85.
   Google Scholar
• NEUMANN, P; ELZEN, P J (2004) The biology of the small hive beetle (Aethina tumida, Coleoptera: Nitidulidae): Gaps in our knowledge of an invasive species. Apidologie 35: 229–247.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NEUMANN, P; HÄRTEL, S (2004) Removal of small hive beetle (Aethina tumida) eggs and larvae by African honey bee colonies (Apis mellifera scutellata). Apidologie 35: 31–36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NEUMANN, P; ELLIS, J D (2008) The small hive beetle (Aethina tumida Murray, Coleoptera: Nitidulidae): distribution, biology and control of an invasive species. Journal of Apicultural Research 47(3): 181–183.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SAS INSTITUTE (1992) SAS/Stat users' guide, version 6 (4th edition). SAS Institute; Cary, North Carolina, USA. 846 pp.
   Google Scholar
• SCHMOLKE, M D (1974). A study of Aethina tumida: the small hive beetle. University of Rhodesia (Zimbabwe), Certificate in Field Ecology Project Report, Salisbury (Harare). 178 pp.
   Google Scholar
• SKINNER, J A; PARKMAN, J P; STUDER, M D (2001) Evaluation of honey bee miticides, including temporal and thermal effects on formic acid gel vapours, in the central south-eastern USA. Journal of Apicultural Research 40(3–4): 81–89.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SPIEWOK, S; NEUMANN, P (2006a) Cryptic low-level reproduction of small hive beetles in honey bee colonies. Journal of Apicultural Research 45(1): 47–48.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SPIEWOK, S; NEUMANN, P (2006b) The impact of queenloss and colony phenotype on the removal of small hive beetle (Aethina tumida Murray) eggs and larvae by African honey bee colonies (Apis mellifera capensis Esch.). Journal of Insect Behaviour 19(5): 601–611.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• STATISTICA (2001) System reference, version 6. StatSoft; Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA, 1063 pp.
   Google Scholar