Consumption, digestion, and utilization of beeswax by greater wax moths (Galleria mellonella L.)

References

• Anwar Mohamed, A., Ansari, M. J., Al-Ghamdi, A., Mohamed, M. O., & Kaur, M. (2014). Effect of larval nutrition on the development and mortality of Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Revista Colombiana de Entomología, 40(1), 49–54.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arendt, J. D. (1997). Adaptive intrinsic growth rates: An integration across taxa. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 72(2), 149–177. https://doi.org/10.1086/419764
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bailey, C. G., & Singh, N. B. (1977). An energy budget for Mamestra configurata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 109(5), 687–693. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent109687-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbosa, P., & Greenblatt, J. (1979). Suitability, digestibility and assimilation of various host plants of the gypsy moth Lymantria dispar L. Oecologia, 43(1), 111–119. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00346676
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berry, J. A., & Delaplane, K. S. (2001). Effects of comb age on honey bee colony growth and brood survivorship. Journal of Apicultural Research, 40(1), 3–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2001.11101042
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosch, J., Bosch, J., & Kemp, W. P. (2002). Developing and establishing bee species as crop pollinators: the example of Osmia spp. (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) and fruit trees. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 92(1), 3–16. https://doi.org/10.1079/BER2001139
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brodmann, P. A., Reyer, H. U., Bollmann, K., Schläpfer, A. R., & Rauter, C. (1997). The importance of food quantity and quality for reproductive performance in alpine water pipits (Anthus spinoletta). Oecologia, 109(2), 200–208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420050074
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coskun, M., Kayis, T., Sulanc, M., & Ozalp, P. (2006). Effects of different honeycomb and sucrose levels on the development of greater wax moth Galleria mellonella larvae. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 6, 855–858.
   Google Scholar
• El-Ela, A. A. A. (2014). Potential of some volatile oils and chemicals against lesser wax moth. Acheroia gresilla F (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Entomology Ornithology Herpetology, 3(129), 2161–2166. https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0983.1000129
   Google Scholar
• Ellis, J. D., Graham, J. R., & Mortensen, A. (2013). Standard methods for wax moth research. Journal of Apicultural Research, 52(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3896/IBRA.1.52.1.10
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis, J. D., & Munn, P. A. (2005). The worldwide health status of honey bees. Bee World, 86(4), 88–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.2005.11417323
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gebremedhin, B., Pender, J., & Tesfay, G. (2004). Collective action for grazing land management in crop–livestock mixed systems in the highlands of northern Ethiopia. Agricultural Systems, 82(3), 273–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2004.07.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gotthard, K. (2004). Growth strategies and optimal body size in temperate Pararginii butterflies. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 44(6), 471–479. https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/44.6.471
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamby, M. (2006). Honeybee hive, components, and extraction method (U.S. Patent Application 20070232189). U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
   Google Scholar
• Hanumanthaswamy, B. C., Hosamani, V., & Nagaraja, M. V. (2010). Influence of different species of honey bee combs on the life stages and biological parameters of greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella L. Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Science, 22(3), 22. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.611.446
   Google Scholar
• Hayes, S. E., McClintock, J. B., Watson, C. J., & Watson, R. D. (1992). Growth, energetics and food conversion efficiency during the last larval stadium of the tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, 102(2), 395–399. https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(92)90153-H
   Google Scholar
• Karowe, D. N., & Martin, M. M. (1989). The effects of quantity and quality of diet nitrogen on the growth, efficiency of food utilization, nitrogen budget, and metabolic rate of fifth-instar Spodoptera eridania larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Insect Physiology, 35(9), 699–708. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1910(89)90089-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaushal, B. R., & Vats, L. K. (1983). Energy budget of Pieris brassicae L. larvae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) fed on four host plant species. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 10(4), 385–398. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(83)90089-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerkut, G. A. (2013). Biochemistry. (Vol. 10). Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Kogan, M., & Cope, D. (1974). Feeding and nutrition of insects associated with soybeans, Food intake, utilization, and growth in the soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 67(1), 66–72. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/67.1.66
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kulkarni, N., Kushwaha, D. K., Mishra, V. K., & Paunikar, S. (2018). Effect of economical modification in artificial diet of greater wax moth Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Indian Journal of Entomology, 80(4), 1506–1374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects8020061 https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-8172.2018.00332.2
   Google Scholar
• Kwadha, C. A., Ong’amo, G. O., Ndegwa, P. N., Raina, S. K., & Fombong, A. T. (2017). The biology and control of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella. Insects, 8(2), 61. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects8020061
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Gall, M., & Behmer, S. T. (2014). Effects of protein and carbohydrate on an insect herbivore: the vista from a fitness landscape. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 54(5), 942–954. https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icu102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackey, A. P. (1978). Growth and bioenergetics of the moth Cyclophragma leucosticta Grünberg. Oecologia, 32(3), 367–376. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00345114
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathavan, S., & Bhaskaran, R. (1975). Food selection and utilization in a danid butterfly. Oecologia, 18(1), 55–62. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00350635
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehrkhou, F., Mahmoodi, L., & Mouavi, M. (2013). Nutritional indices parameters of large white butterfly Pieris brassicae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) on different cabbage crops. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 8(25), 3294–3298. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR2013.7056
   Google Scholar
• Mukerji, M. K., & Guppy, J. C. (1970). A quantitative study of food consumption and growth in Pseudaletia unipuncta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 102(9), 1179–1188. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent1021179-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rath, S., Prasad, B., & Sinha, B. (2003). Food utilization efficiency in fifth instar larvae of Antheraea mylitta (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) infected with Nosema sp. and its effect on reproductive potential and silk production. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 83(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2011(03)00038-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roeder, K. A., & Behmer, S. T. (2014). Lifetime consequences of food protein‐carbohydrate content for an insect herbivore. Functional Ecology, 28(5), 1135–1143. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12262
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sangha, K. (2011). Feeding performance of Clostera fulgurita on three clones of Populus deltoides. Journal of Forestry Research, 22(1), 83–86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-011-0130-7
   Google Scholar
• Scriber, J. M., & Slansky, F. Jr. (1981). The nutritional ecology of immature insects. Annual Review of Entomology, 26(1), 183–211. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.26.010181.001151
   Google Scholar
• Sharma, B., & Tara, J. (1988). Comparison of consumption and utilization of mulberry leaves in two moths, Spodoptera litura (F.) and Diacrisia obliqua walk. Indian Journal of Entomology, 50(3), 336–342.
   Google Scholar
• Swamy, B. C. (2008a). Bionomics and biometrics of greater wax moth Galleria mellonella Linnaeus. Asian Journal of Bio Science, 3(1), 49–51.
   Google Scholar
• Swamy, B. C. (2008b). Effect of colony strength and weather factors on the incidence of greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella Linn.). Asian Journal of Bio Science, 3(1), 81–83.
   Google Scholar
• VanEngelsdorp, D., Speybroeck, N., Evans, J. D., Nguyen, B. K., Mullin, C., Frazier, M., Frazier, J., Cox-Foster, D., Chen, Y., Tarpy, D. R., Haubruge, E., Pettis, J. S., & Saegerman, C. (2010). Weighing risk factors associated with bee colony collapse disorder by classification and regression tree analysis. Journal of Economic Entomology, 103(5), 1517–1523. https://doi.org/10.1603/ec09429
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vats, L. K., & Kaushal, B. R. (1980). Fluctuations of lepidopteran population, secondary productivity and energy flow through Belenois mesentina Cr.(Pieridae). Agro-Ecosystems, 6(2), 161–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3746(80)90017-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waldbauer, G. P. (1968). The consumption and utilization of food by insects. Advances in Ecological Research, 5, 229–288. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2806(08)60230-1
   Google Scholar
• Wells, J., & LaMotte, L. R. (1995). Estimating maggot age from weight using inverse prediction. Journal of Forensic Science, 40(4), 585–590. https://doi.org/10.1520/JFS13830J
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young, R. G. (1961). The effects of dietary beeswax and wax components on the larvae of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (L.). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 54(5), 657–659. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/54.5.657
   Google Scholar