Do biology syllabi provide opportunities for secondary school students to engage with critical thinking skills?

References

• Adeyemi, S. B. 2012. “Developing Critical Thinking Skills in Students: A Mandate for Higher Education in Nigeria.” European Journal of Educational Research 1 (2): 155–161. doi:10.12973/eu-jer.1.2.155.
   Google Scholar
• Agarwal, P. K. 2019. “Retrieval Practice & Bloom’s Taxonomy: Do Students Need Fact Knowledge before Higher Order Learning?” Journal of Educational Psychology 111 (2): 189. doi:10.1037/edu0000282.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alake-Tuenter, E., H. J. Biemans, H. Tobi, A. E. Wals, I. Oosterheert, and M. Mulder. 2012. “Inquiry-based Science Education Competencies of Primary School Teachers: A Literature Study and Critical Review of the American National Science Education Standards.” International Journal of Science Education 34 (17): 2609–2640. doi:10.1080/09500693.2012.669076.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bailin, S., R. Case, J. R. Coombs, and L. B. Daniels. 1999. “Conceptualizing Critical Thinking.” Journal of Curriculum Studies 31 (3): 285–302. doi:10.1080/002202799183133.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biggs, J. 1996. “Enhancing Teaching through Constructive Alignment.” Higher Education 32 (3): 347–364. doi:10.1007/BF00138871.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bissell, A. N., and P. P. Lemons. 2006. “A New Method for Assessing Critical Thinking in the Classroom.” BioScience 56 (1): 66–72. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2006)056[0066:ANMFAC]2.0.CO;2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bustami, Y., D. Syafruddin, and R. Afriani. 2018. “The Implementation of Contextual Learning to Enhance Biology Students’ Critical Thinking Skills.” Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia 7 (4): 451–457.
   Google Scholar
• Care, E., and H. Kim. 2018. Assessment of Twenty-first Century Skills: The Issue of Authenticity. In: E. Care, P. Griffin, M. Wilson, editors. Assessment and Teaching of 21st Century Skills. Switzerland: Springer; p. 21–39. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-65368-6_2.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, W. 2001. “Description of an Expert Teacher’s Constructivist-oriented Teaching: Engaging Students’ Critical Thinking in Learning Creative Dance.” Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 72 (4): 366–375. doi:10.1080/02701367.2001.10608973.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciascai, L., and L. Haiduc. 2009. “Is Romanian Science School Curricula Open Towards the Development of School Students’ Critical Thinking Skills?” Acta Didactica Napocensia 2 (3): 9–18.
   Google Scholar
• Crawford, B. A. 2014. “From Inquiry to Scientific Practices in the Science Classroom.” In Hand Book of Research in Science Education, edited by N. Lederman and S. Abell, 515–541. Vol. 2. New York: Rutledge.
   Google Scholar
• Crujeiras-Pérez, B., and M. Jiménez-Aleixandre. 2017. “High School Students’ Engagement in Planning Investigations: Findings from a Longitudinal Study in Spain.” Chemistry Education Research and Practice 18 (1): 99–112. doi:10.1039/C6RP00185H.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fensham, P. J., and A. Bellocchi. 2013. “Higher Order Thinking in Chemistry Curriculum and Its Assessment.” Thinking Skills and Creativity 10: 250–264. doi:10.1016/j.tsc.2013.06.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FitzPatrick, B., and H. Schulz. 2015. “Do Curriculum Outcomes and Assessment Activities in Science Encourage Higher Order Thinking?” Canadian Journal of Science, Mathematics and Technology Education 15 (2): 136–154. doi:10.1080/14926156.2015.1014074.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodson, D. 2014. “Learning Science, Learning about Science, Doing Science: Different Goals Demand Different Learning Methods.” International Journal of Science Education 36 (15): 2534–2553. doi:10.1080/09500693.2014.899722.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huitt, W. 1998. “Critical Thinking: An Overview.” Educational Psychology Interactive 3 (6): 34–50.
   Google Scholar
• Juuti, K., J. Lavonen, A. Uitto, R. Byman, and V. Meisalo. 2010. “Science Teaching Methods Preferred by Grade 9 Students in Finland.” International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education 8 (4): 611–632. doi:10.1007/s10763-009-9177-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kinyota, M. 2020. “The Status of and Challenges Facing Secondary Science Teaching in Tanzania: A Focus on Inquiry-based Science Teaching and the Nature of Science.” International Journal of Science Education 42 (13): 2126–2144.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kipnis, M., and A. Hofstein. 2008. “The Inquiry Laboratory as a Source for Development of Metacognitive Skills.” International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education 6 (3): 601–627. doi:10.1007/s10763-007-9066-y.
   Google Scholar
• Kokotsaki, D., V. Menzies, and A. Wiggins. 2016. “Project-based Learning: A Review of the Literature.” Improving Schools 19 (3): 267–277. doi:10.1177/1365480216659733.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolstø, S. D. 2001. “Scientific Literacy for Citizenship: Tools for Dealing with the Science Dimension of Controversial Socioscientific Issues.” Science Education 85 (3): 291–310. doi:10.1002/sce.1011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, R. M., and L. Esterhuizen. 2000. “Computer Software and Qualitative Analysis: Trends, Issues and Resources.” International Journal of Social Research Methodology 3 (3): 231–243.
   Google Scholar
• McCormick, N. J., L. M. Clark, and J. M. Raines. 2015. “Engaging Students in Critical Thinking and Problem Solving: A Brief Review of the Literature.” Journal of Studies in Education 5 (4): 100–113. doi:10.5296/jse.v5i4.8249.
   Google Scholar
• Mkimbili, S., and S. K. R. Kitta. 2020. “The Rationale of Continuous Assessment for Development of Competencies in Tanzania Secondary Schools.” Advanced Journal of Social Science 6 (1): 64–70. doi:10.21467/ajss.6.1.64-70.
   Google Scholar
• Mkimbili, S. T., and M. Ødegaard. 2020. “Inquiry-based Science Teaching in Community Secondary Schools in Tanzania: Role Played by the Language of Instruction.” Cultural Studies of Science Education 15 (4): 1121–1142. doi:10.1007/s11422-020-09973-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mkimbili, S. T., D. Tiplic, and M. Ødegaard. 2017. “The Role Played by Contextual Challenges in Practising Inquiry-based Science Teaching in Tanzania Secondary Schools.” African Journal of Research in Mathematics, Science and Technology Education 21 (2): 211–221. doi:10.1080/18117295.2017.1333752.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MoEVT. 2005a. Biology Syllabus for Secondary Schools Form I-IV. Dar es Salaam: Tanzania Institute of Education.
   Google Scholar
• MoEVT. 2005b. Curriculum for Ordinary Level Secondary Educationin Tanzania. Dar es Salaam: Tanzania Institute of Education.
   Google Scholar
• MoEVT. 2009. Biology Syllabus for Advanced Level Secondary Education Form V-VI. Dar es Salaam: Tanzania Institute of Education.
   Google Scholar
• Nentl, N., and R. Zietlow. 2008. “Using Bloom’s Taxonomy to Teach Critical Thinking Skills to Business Students.” College & Undergraduate Libraries 15 (1–2): 159–172. doi:10.1080/10691310802177135.
   Google Scholar
• Nsengimana, T., L. Rugema Mugabo, O. Hiroaki, and P. Nkundabakura. 2020. “Reflection on Science Competence-based Curriculum Implementation in Sub-Saharan African Countries.” International Journal of Science Education, Part B 1–14. doi:10.1080/21548455.2020.1778210.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogunniyi, M., and M. Rollnick. 2015. “Pre-service Science Teacher Education in Africa: Prospects and Challenges.” Journal of Science Teacher Education 26 (1): 65–79. doi:10.1007/s10972-014-9415-y.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osborne, J., and J. Dillon. 2008. Science Education in Europe: Critical Reflections. Vol. 13. London: Nuffield Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Paavola, S., and K. Hakkarainen. 2005. “The Knowledge Creation metaphor–An Emergent Epistemological Approach to Learning.” Science & Education 14 (6): 535–557. doi:10.1007/s11191-004-5157-0.
   Google Scholar
• Stupple, E. J., F. A. Maratos, J. Elander, T. E. Hunt, K. Y. Cheung, and A. V. Aubeeluck. 2017. “Development of the Critical Thinking Toolkit (Critt): A Measure of Student Attitudes and Beliefs about Critical Thinking.” Thinking Skills and Creativity 23: 91–100. doi:10.1016/j.tsc.2016.11.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker, D. F., and J. F. Soltis. 2004. Curriculum and Aims. New York: Teachers College Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wandela, E. L. (2014). Tanzania post-colonial educational system and perspectives on secondary science education, pedagogy, and curriculum: A qualitative study [dissertation]. DePaul University.
   Google Scholar
• Willingham, D. T. 2008. “Critical Thinking: Why Is It so Hard to Teach?” Arts Education Policy Review 109 (4): 21–32. doi:10.3200/AEPR.109.4.21-32.
   Google Scholar