References
- Adeney , K. 2009 . The limitations of non‐consociational federalism: the example of Pakistan . Ethnopolitics , 8 (1) : 87 – 106 .
- Ahmed , A. S. 1980 . Pukhtun Economy and Society: Traditional Structure and Economic Development in a Tribal Society , London : Routledge .
- Ahmed , F. 2002 . “ Ethnicity, state and national integration ” . In The Post‐Colonial State and Social Transformation in India and Pakistan , Edited by: Naseem , S. M. and Nadvi , K. 20 – 59 . Karachi : Oxford University Press .
- Alavi , H. 1988 . “ Pakistan and Islam: ethnicity and ideology ” . In State and Ideology in the Middle East and Pakistan , Edited by: Halliday , F. and Alavi , H. 64 – 111 . London : Macmillan .
- Al‐Haj , M. 2005 . National ethos, multicultural education, and the new history textbooks in Israel . Curriculum Inquiry , 35 (1) : 47 – 71 .
- Anderson , B. 1991 . Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origins and Spread of Nationalism , London : Verso .
- Antal , C. 2008 . Reflections on religious nationalism, conflict and schooling in developing democracies: India and Israel in comparative perspective . Compare , 38 (1) : 87 – 102 .
- Appadurai , A. 1996 . Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization , Minneapolis, MN : University of Minnesota Press .
- Apple , M. W. 2006 . Educating the ‘Right’ Way: Markets, Standards, God, and Inequality , New York : Routledge .
- Aziz , K. K. 1993 . The Murder of History: A Critique of History Textbooks Used in Pakistan , Lahore, , Pakistan : Vanguard .
- Banks , J. A. 2007 . Educating Citizens in a Multicultural Society , New York : Teachers College Press .
- Barth , F. 1969 . “ Pathan identity and its maintenance ” . In Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: The Social Organization of Cultural Difference , Edited by: Barth , F. 117 – 134 . Bergen, Norway : Universitetsforlaget .
- Billig , M. 1995 . Banal Nationalism , London : Sage .
- Bush , K. D. and Saltarelli , D. 2000 . The Two Faces of Education in Ethnic Conflict: Toward a Peacebuilding Education for Children , Florence : Innocenti Research Centre, United Nations Children’s Fund . Available online at: http://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/pdf/insight4.pdf, accessed 23 August 2009
- Chidester , D. 2006 . Religion, education and the transformational state in South Africa . Social Analysis , 50 (3) : 61 – 83 .
- Cockburn , C. 1998 . The Space between Us: Negotiating Gender and National Identities in Conflict , London : Zed books .
- Cohen , S. P. 2005 . The Idea of Pakistan , Lahore, , Pakistan : Vanguard .
- Davies , L. 2005 . Schools and wars: urgent agendas for comparative and international education . Compare , 35 (4) : 357 – 371 .
- Dean , B. 2005 . Citizenship education in Pakistani schools: problems and possibilities . International Journal of Citizenship and Teacher Education , 1 (2) : 35 – 55 .
- Durrani , N. 2007 . Forging identities through schooling: tensions and contradictions between religious and national identities in Pakistan . The International Journal of Diversity in Organizations, Communities and Nations , 7 (1) : 249 – 256 .
- Durrani , N. 2008 . Schooling the ‘other’: the representation of gender and national identities in Pakistani curriculum texts . Compare , 38 (5) : 595 – 610 .
- Edensor , T. 2002 . National Identity, Popular Culture and Everyday Life , Oxford : Berg Publishers .
- Engelbrecht , A. Textbooks in South Africa from Apartheid to Post‐Apartheid: Ideological change revealed by racial stereotyping . Paper presented at a seminar on Education, Social Cohesion and Diversity . Washington, DC. Available online at: http://info.worldbank.org/etools/docs/library/232527/Engelbrecht.pdf, accessed 25 August 2009
- Gellner , E. 1983 . Nations and Nationalisms , Oxford : Basil Blackwell .
- Government of Pakistan . 1972 . The Education Policy 1972–1980 , Islamabad : Ministry of Education .
- Government of Pakistan . 1979 . The National Education Policy and Implementation Programme, 1979 , Islamabad : Ministry of Education .
- Government of Pakistan . 1998a . Percentage Population by Religion, Mother Tongue, and Disability 1998, Pakistan Available online at: http://www.pap.org.pk/statistics/population.htm#tab1.4, accessed 5 March 2007
- Government of Pakistan . 1998b . National Education Policy 1998–2010 , Islamabad : Ministry of Education .
- Government of Pakistan . 2002 . Revised Social Studies Curriculum for Class V , Islamabad : National Bureau of Curriculum and Textbooks, Ministry of Education .
- Haqqani , H. 2004 . The role of Islam in Pakistan’s future . The Washington Quarterly , 28 (1) : 85 – 96 .
- Hastings , A. 1997 . The Construction of Nationhood: Ethnicity, Religion and Nationalism , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
- Hook , D. 2001 . Discourse, knowledge, materiality, and history: Foucault and discourse analysis . Theory and Psychology , 11 (4) : 521 – 547 .
- Hussain , A. 2000 . “ Peregrinations of Pakistani nationalism ” . In Asian Nationalism , Edited by: Leifer , M. 126 – 152 . London : Routledge .
- Ispahani , M. 2003 . The cauldron . New Republic , : 31 – 38 .
- Jalal , A. 1985 . The Sole Spokesman: Jinnah, the Muslim League and the Demand for Pakistan , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
- Jinnah , M. A. Speeches of Quaid‐i‐Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah as Governor General of Pakistan . Karachi, Pakistan. Sindh Observer Press .
- Jones , M. A. , Kitetu , C. and Sunderland , J. 1997 . Discourse roles, gender and language textbook dialogues . Gender and Education , 9 (4) : 469 – 490 .
- Kalmus , V. 2004 . What do pupils and textbooks do with each other? Methodological problems of research on socialization through educational media . Journal of Curriculum Studies , 36 (4) : 469 – 485 .
- Khan , A. 1999 . Ethnicity, Islam and national identity in Pakistan . South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies , 22 (Suppl 1) : 167 – 182 .
- Khan , A. 2003 . Pukhtun ethnic nationalism from separatism to integrationism . Asian Ethnicity , 4 (1) : 67 – 83 .
- Khan , N. S. , ed. 1992 . Voices Within: Dialogues with Women and Islam , Lahore, , Pakistan : ASR Publications .
- Kumar , K. 2001 . Prejudice and Pride: School Histories of the Freedom Struggle in India and Pakistan , New Delhi : Viking .
- Lall , M. 2008 . Educate to hate: the use of education in the creation of antagonistic national identities in India and Pakistan . Compare , 38 (1) : 103 – 119 .
- Leach , F. and Dunne , M. , eds. 2007 . Education, Conflict and Reconciliation: International Perspectives , Oxford : Peter Lang .
- Mansbach , R. and Rhodes , E. 2007 . The nation state and identity politics: state institutionalization and ‘markers’ of national identity . Geopolitics , 12 (3) : 426 – 458 .
- Mayer , T. 2000 . “ Gender ironies of nationalism ” . In Gender Ironies of Nationalism: Sexing the Nation , Edited by: Mayer , T. 1 – 24 . London : Routledge .
- Miller , D. 1995 . On Nationality , Oxford : Clarendon .
- Nayyar , A. H. and Salim , A. 2005 . The Subtle Subversion: A Report on Curricula and Textbooks in Pakistan , Islamabad : Sustainable Development Policy Institute . Available online at: http://www.sdpi.org/archive/nayyar_report.htm, accessed 5 September 2009
- NWFP Textbook Board . n.d. . Social Studies for Class V , Peshawar, , Pakistan : Star Book Bank .
- Özkirimli , U. 2005 . Contemporary Debates on Nationalism: A Critical Engagement , Basingstoke, , UK : Palgrave Macmillan .
- Parekh , B. 1999 . “ Defining national identity in a multicultural society ” . In People, Nation and State , Edited by: Mortimer , E. 66 – 74 . London : I. B. Tauris Publishers .
- Pickering , M. 2001 . Stereotyping: The Politics of Representation , Basingstoke, , UK : Palgrave .
- Pinar , W. F. 1993 . “ Notes on understanding curriculum as a racial text ” . In Race, Identity and Representation in Education , Edited by: McCarthy , C. and Crichlow , W. 60 – 70 . New York : Routledge .
- Pinson , H. 2007 . At the boundaries of citizenship: Palestinian Israeli citizens and the civic education curriculum . Oxford Review of Education , 33 (3) : 331 – 348 .
- Rashid , A. and Shaheed , F. 1993 . Pakistan: Ethno‐politics and Contending Elites. UNRISD Discussion Paper 45 , Geneva, , Switzerland : United Nations Research Institute for Social Development . Available online at: http://www.unrisd.org/unrisd/website/document.nsf/(httpPublications)/49E58DAD1F9390B680256B6500565470?OpenDocument, accessed 23 August 2009
- Rizvi , H. A. 2003 . South Asia as seen by Pakistan . South Asian Journal , 1 : 55 – 63 . Available online at: http://www.southasianmedia.net/Magazine/Journal/seenby_pakistan.htm, accessed 23 August 2009
- Rosser , Y. C. 2003 . “ Curriculum as Destiny: Forging National Identity in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Doctoral thesis ” . University of Texas . Available online at: http://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/891/rosseryc036.pdf?sequence=2, accessed 5 September 2009
- Said , E.W. 1995 . Orientalism , London : Penguin .
- Saigol , R. 1995 . Knowledge and Identity: Articulation of Gender in Educational Discourse in Pakistan , Lahore, , Pakistan : ASR Publications .
- Saigol , R. 2004 . Curriculum in India and Pakistan . South Asian Journal , : 105 – 132 .
- Seul , J. R. 1999 . ‘Ours is the way of God’: religion, identity and inter‐group conflict . Journal of Peace Research , 36 (5) : 553 – 569 .
- Smith , A. 2005 . Education in the twenty‐first century: conflict, reconstruction and reconciliation . Compare , 35 (4) : 373 – 391 .
- Smith , A. D. 1991 . National Identity , London : Penguin .
- Stapleton , K. and Wilson , J. 2004 . Gender, nationality and identity: a discursive study . European Journal of Women Studies , 2 (1) : 45 – 60 .
- Talbot , S. 2008 . ‘Us’ and ‘them’: terrorism, conflict and (o)ther discursive formations . Sociological Research Online , 13 (1) Available online at: http://www.socresonline.org.uk/13/1/17.html, abstract accessed 1 September 2009
- Todorov , T. 1984 . The Conquest of America: The Question of the Other , New York : University of Oklahoma Press .
- Tormey , R. 2006 . The construction of national identity through primary school history: the Irish case . British Journal of Sociology of Education , 27 (3) : 311 – 324 .
- van Dijk , T. 1998 . Ideology: A Multidisciplinary Approach , London : Sage Publications .
- Weedon , C. 1997 . Feminist Practice and Poststructuralist Theory , Oxford : Blackwell .
- Weiner , G. 1994 . Feminisms in Education: An Introduction , Buckingham, , UK : Open University Press .