20
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Beyond #MeToo in Iran: change through informal feminist educational leadership

&
Received 18 Aug 2023, Accepted 18 Jul 2024, Published online: 31 Jul 2024

References

  • Afary, J. 2009. Sexual Politics in Modern Iran. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511815249
  • Aly, A., J. Blackmore, D. Bright, D. Hayes, A. Heffernan, B. Lingard, S. Riddle, K. Takayama, and D. Youdell. 2022. “Reflections on how Education Can be for Democracy in the Twenty-First Century.” Journal of Educational Administration and History 54 (3): 357–372.
  • Amini, E., and M. McCormack. 2021. “Older Iranian Muslim Women’s Experiences of sex and Sexuality: A Biographical Approach.” The British Journal of Sociology 72:300–314. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-4446.12805.
  • Amir-Ebrahimi, M. 2008. “Transgression in Narration: The Lives of Iranian Women in Cyberspace.” Journal of Middle East Women’s Studies 4 (3): 89–118. https://doi.org/10.2979/mew.2008.4.3.89.
  • Apple, M. W., G. Biesta, D. Bright, H. A. Giroux, A. Heffernan, P. McLaren, S. Riddle, and A. Yeatman. 2022. “Reflections on Contemporary Challenges and Possibilities for Democracy and Education.” Journal of Educational Administration and History 54 (3): 245–262.
  • Babakhani, A., and S. L. Miller. 2022. “I Felt I Was Screaming Under the Water": Domestic Violence Victims’ Experiences in Iran's Police Departments and Criminal Courts.” Violence Against Women 28 (10): 2398–2423. https://doi.org/10.1177/10778012211032703.
  • Basmechi, F. 2023. The Iranian #MeToo Movement, edited by I. S. Cheema (Ed.), The Other #MeToos. (pp. 267–284). New York: Oxford Academic. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197619872.003.0015.
  • Blackmore, J. 2006. “Social Justice and the Study and Practice of Leadership in Education: A Feminist History.” Journal of Educational Administration and History 38 (2): 185–200.
  • Bogotch, I. 2017. “A new World Order? Finding a Local Place for Educational Leadership.” Journal of Educational Administration and History 49 (3): 231–246.
  • Clark-Parsons, R. 2016. “Hope in a Hashtag”: The Discursive Activism of #WhyIStayed.” Feminist Media Studies 16 (5): 788–804. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2016.1138235.
  • Clark-Parsons, R. 2021. “‘I SEE YOU, I BELIEVE YOU, I STAND WITH YOU’: #MeToo and the Performance of Networked Feminist Visibility.” Feminist Media Studies 21 (3): 362–380. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680777.2019.1628797.
  • Ebadijalal, M., and H. Weisi. 2021. “Discursive Constructions of Domestic Violence Among Iranian Instagram Users.” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 37 (17–18): NP16556–NP16574. https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605211021991.
  • Fassihi, F. 2021, January 7. Iran May Pass #MeToo Law Outlawing Sexual Violence Against Women. New York Times. May 10, 2023 https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/05/world/middleeast/iran-sexual-violence-metoo-women.html.
  • Foomani, E. M. 2021. Iranian Women as English Teachers: A Case Study of Language, Identity, and Power. Unpublished PhD Thesis. Melbourne, Australia: Monash University.
  • Forough School. August 2022. The Wrong Image of a Man in Love: Gendered Violence in TV Shows. https://forough.org/%d9%86%d8%b4%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%87-%d8%b4%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b3%db%8c-%d8%ae%d8%b4%d9%88%d9%86%d8%aa-%d8%ac%d9%86%d8%b3%db%8c%d8%aa%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%b3%d8%b1%db%8c%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%b4/
  • Foucault, M. (2009). Security, Territory, Population Lectures at the Collège de France, 1977–78. London: Palgrave Macmillan..
  • Friedland, R., J. Afary, and C. Hoppen. 2023. “Afterword: Patriarchalism, Male Abuse, and the Sources of the #MeToo Movement in the Muslim Middle East.” In The #MeToo Movement in Iran: Reporting Sexual Violence and Harassment, edited by C. Yaghoobi, 161–205. London: I. B. Tauris & Company Limited.
  • Gishnizjani, G. 2023. “Whose Voice Is Missing? MeToo Digital Storytelling on Instagram and the Politics of Inclusion.” In The #MeToo Movement in Iran: Reporting Sexual Violence and Harassment, edited by C. Yaghoobi, 107–122. London: I. B. Tauris & Company Limited.
  • Hamidi, Y. N. 2023. “Rhetorical Listening to the Iranian #MeToo Movement in Diaspora.” In The #MeToo Movement in Iran: Reporting Sexual Violence and Harassment, edited by C. Yaghoobi, 39–52. London: I. B. Tauris & Company Limited.
  • Hoodfar, H., and S. Sadr. 2010. “Islamic Politics and Women’s Quest for Gender Equality in Iran.” Third World Quarterly 31(6):885–903.
  • Jamali, B., R. Maasoumi, M. Tavousi, and A. Haeri Mehrizi. 2020. “Women’s Sexual Health Literacy and Related Factors: A Population- Based Study from Iran.” International Journal of Sexual Health 32 (4): 433–442. https://doi.org/10.1080/19317611.2020.1841056.
  • Joshan, M. 2024. #MeToo Movement in Iran: From Self-Blame to Sisterhood. Unpublished PhD Thesis. Ottawa, Canada: University of Ottawa.
  • Karimi-Malekabadi, F., and M. Falahatpishe Baboli. 2022. “Qeirat Values and Victim Blaming in Iran: The Mediating Effect of Culture-Specific Gender Roles.” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 38 (3–4): 2485–2509. https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605221101184.
  • Kaukko, M., S. Windsor, and K. Reimer. 2023. “Searching for Worlds Worth Living in.” In Living Well in a World Worth Living in for All, Volume 1: Current Practices of Social Justice, Sustainability and Wellbeing, edited by K. E. Reimer, M. Kaukko, S. Windsor, K. Mahon, and S. Kemmis, 1–11. Singapore: Springer.
  • Kearns, M. C., A. S. D'Inverno, and D. E. Reidy. 2020. “The Association Between Gender Inequality and Sexual Violence in the U.S.” American Journal of Preventive Medicine 58 (1): 12–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2019.08.035.
  • Keddie, N. R. 2003. Modern Iran: Roots and Results of Revolution. New Haven & London: Yale University Press.
  • Kermani, H., and N. Hooman. 2022. “Hashtag Feminism in a Blocked Context: The Mechanisms of Unfolding and Disrupting #Rape on Persian Twitter.” New Media & Society , 1–35. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448221128827.
  • Khalesi, Z. B., M. Simbar, and S. A. Azin. 2017. “A Qualitative Study of Sexual Health Education among Iranian Engaged Couples.” African Health Sciences 17 (2): 382–390. https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v17i2.12.
  • LeSuer, W. 2022. “The Impact of National-Level Gender Inequality on the Sexual Abuse of Girls.” Violence Against Women 28 (3–4): 691–710. https://doi.org/10.1177/10778012211005563.
  • Mahdavi, P. 2009. “But What If Someone Sees Me?” Women, Risk, and the Aftershocks of Iran’s Sexual Revolution.” Journal of Middle East Women’s Studies 5 (2): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.2979/mew.2009.5.2.1.
  • Mehran, G. 2003. Gender and education in Iran. Paper commissioned for the EFA Global Monitoring Report 2003/4, The Leap to Equality.
  • Moghaddam, R. 2019. Struggle for Equality from the Constitutional Revolution to Cyberfeminism with a Focus on the Role of New Media in the Women’s Movement in Iran. Unpublished PhD Thesis. Berlin: Freie Universität Berlin.
  • Moghissi, H. 2008. “Islamic Cultural Nationalism and Gender Politics in Iran.” Third World Quarterly 29 (3): 541–554. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436590801931504.
  • Mohammadi, M. 2007. “Iranian Women and the Civil Rights Movement in Iran: Feminism Interacted.” Journal of International Women’s Studies 9 (1): 1–21.
  • Naeimi, M., and J. I. Kjaran. 2022. “Schooling (Hetero)Normative Practices in the Islamic Republic of Iran.” Sex Education 22 (3): 243–259. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2021.1911797.
  • Najarkolaei, F. R., S. Niknami, F. Aminshokravi, S. S. Tavafian, N. A. Joneidi Jafari, and A. Golabchi. 2013. “Promoting Sexual Abstinence Intention among Female University Students: A Quasi-Experimental Study.” Journal of Research in Medical Sciences: The Official Journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences 18 (1): 37–43.
  • Najmabadi, A. 1991. “Hazards of Modernity: Women, State and Ideology in Contemporary Iran.” In Women, Islam and the State, edited by D. Kandiyoti, 48–76. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
  • Reimer, K. E., M. Kaukko, S. Windsor, K. Mahon, and S. Kemmis, eds. 2023. Living Well in a World Worth Living in for all, Volume 1: Current Practices of Social Justice, Sustainability and Wellbeing. Singapore: Springer.
  • Rezai-Rashti, G. M. 2015. “The Politics of Gender Segregation and Women's Access to Higher Education in the Islamic Republic of Iran: The Interplay of Repression and Resistance.” Gender and Education 27 (5): 469–486. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540253.2015.1045457.
  • Rezai, Y., and M. Sedaghat Payam. 2023. “Twitter Data Analysis on #MeTooIran.” In The #MeToo Movement in Iran: Reporting Sexual Violence and Harassment, edited by C. Yaghoobi, 71–88. London: I. B. Tauris & Company Limited.
  • Rostampour, S. 2023. “The White-Collars’ New Masculinities in #MeToo: How to Maintain Gendered Privileges?” In The #MeToo Movement in Iran: Reporting Sexual Violence and Harassment, edited by C. Yaghoobi, 135–148. London: I. B. Tauris & Company Limited.
  • Roudsari, R. L., M. Javadnoori, M. Hasanpour, S. M. Hazavehei, and A. Taghipour. 2013. “Socio-cultural Challenges to Sexual Health Education for Female Adolescents in Iran.” Iranian Journal of Reproductive Medicine 11 (2): 101–110. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc3941358/
  • Sarrats, M. F. 2022. “The Role of Social Media in the Fight for Women’s Rights.” IEMed: Mediterranean Yearbook, 335–338.
  • Şener, G. 2021. Digital Feminist Activism in Turkey. Media@LSE, London School of Economics and Political Science. May 15, 2023. https://www.lse.ac.uk/mediaand-communications/assets/documents/research/working-paper-series/WP67.pdf.
  • Sheikhansari, N., C. Abraham, and S. Denford. 2021. “Health-Care Professionals’ Assessments of, and Recommendations for, Sexual-Health Education and Service Provision for Young People in Tehran.” Frontiers in Public Health 9: 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.634795.
  • Tabatabaie, A. 2015. “Constructing the Ideal Muslim Sexual Subject: Problematics of School-Based Sex Education in Iran.” Sex Education 15 (2): 204–216. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2014.992066.
  • World Health Organisation. 2023, May 18. Comprehensive Sexuality Education. https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/comprehensive-sexuality-education.
  • Zand, L. A. 2010. “My Body, My Blog: Female Body Image and Sexuality in the Iranian “Weblogestan”.” The Journal of New Media and Culture 7 (1): 1–12.
  • Zand, L. A. 2013. Learn, Respect, Enjoy: On Sex Education in Iran. Unpublished PhD Thesis. Santa Barbara.: University of California.
  • Zargarian, T. 2019. Iranian Women's Quest for Self-Liberation Through the Internet and Social Media: An Emancipatory Pedagogy. Unpublished PhD Thesis. Toronto, Ontario: York University.
  • Zarrinnegar, D. 2022. “Agents of Change: Women’s Sexual Uprisings in Modern Iran.” Intersect: The Stanford Journal of Science, Technology, and Society 15 (2): 1–12.
  • Zehtabi, M. 2023. “Hush! Girls Don’t Scream (2013) by Puran Derakhshandeh and the #MeToo Movement in Iran.” In The #MeToo Movement in Iran: Reporting Sexual Violence and Harassment, edited by C. Yaghoobi, 149–160. London: I. B. Tauris & Company Limited.
  • Zeighami, M., M. A. Zakeri, P. Mangolian Shahrbabaki, and M. Dehghan. 2022. “Bitter Silence Allows Sexual Harassment to Continue in Workplace: A Qualitative Study in Iranian Nurses.” Frontiers in Public Health 10:1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.971522.