Self-Efficacy, Reflection, and Achievement: A Short-Term Longitudinal Examination

REFERENCES

• Bandura , A. 1986 . Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory , Englewood Cliffs , NJ : Prentice-Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Bandura , A. 1997 . Self-efficacy: The exercise of control , New York , NY : W.H. Freeman .
   Google Scholar
• Bean , T. W. and Stevens , L. P. 2002 . Scaffolding reflection for preservice and inservice teachers . Reflective Practice , 3 : 205 – 218 .
   Google Scholar
• Bentler , P. M. 1990 . Comparative fit indexes in structural models . Psychological Bulletin , 107 : 238 – 246 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bentler , P. M. and Bonett , D. G. 1980 . Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures . Psychological Bulletin , 88 : 588 – 606 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biggs , J. 1987 . Student approaches to learning and studying , Melbourne , , Australia : Australian Council for Educational Research .
   Google Scholar
• Biggs , J. and Tang , C. 2007 . Teaching for quality learning at university , Maidenhead , , UK : McGraw-Hill/Society for Research into Higher Education & Open University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bollen , K. A. 1989 . Structural equations with latent variables , New York , NY : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Bollen , K. A. and Curran , P. J. 2006 . Latent curve models: A structural equation perspective , Hoboken , NJ : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Bong , M. 2001 . Role of self-efficacy and task-value in predicting college students’ course performance and future enrollment intentions . Contemporary Educational Psychology , 26 : 553 – 570 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bong , M. Stability and structure of self-efficacy, task-value, and achievement goals and consistency of their relations across specific and general academic contexts and across the school year . Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New Orleans, LA ,
   Google Scholar
• Britner , S. L. and Pajares , F. 2006 . Sources of science self-efficacy beliefs of middle school students . Journal of Research in Science Teaching , 43 : 485 – 499 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bronfenbrenner , U. 1979 . The ecology of human development , Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bronfenbrenner , U. 1989 . “ Ecological systems theory ” . In Annals of child development: Theories of child development: Revised formulations and current issues , Edited by: Vasta , R. Vol. 6 , 187 – 251 . Greenwich , CT : JAI Press .
   Google Scholar
• Byrne , B. M. 1998 . Structural equation modelling with LISREL, PRELIS, and SIMPLIS , Mahwah , NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Caprara , G. V. , Fida , R. , Vecchione , M. , Del Bove , G. , Vecchio , G. M. , Barbaranelli , C. and … Bandura , A. 2008 . Longitudinal analysis of the role of perceived self-efficacy for self-regulated learning in academic continuance and achievement . Journal of Educational Psychology , 100 : 525 – 534 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dewey , J. 1933 . How we think: A restatement of the relation of reflective thinking to the educative process , Boston , MA : D. C Health . (Original work published in 1909)
   Google Scholar
• Fenollar , P. , Román , S. and Cuestas , P. J. 2007 . University students’ academic performance: An integrative conceptual framework and empirical analysis . British Journal of Educational Psychology , 77 : 873 – 891 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hampton , N. Z. 1998 . Sources of Academic Self-Efficacy scale: An assessment tool for rehabilitation counselors . Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin , 41 : 374 – 389 .
   Google Scholar
• Kember , D. , Biggs , J. and Leung , D. Y. P. 2004 . Examining the multidimensionality of approaches to learning through the development of a revised version of the learning process questionnaire . British Journal of Educational Psychology , 74 : 261 – 280 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kember , D. , Leung , D. , Jones , A. , Loke , A. Y. , McKay , J. , Sinclair , K. and … Yeung , E. 2000 . Development of a questionnaire to measure the level of reflective thinking . Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education , 25 : 381 – 389 .
   Google Scholar
• Kish , C. K. , Sheehan , J. K. , Cole , K. B. , Struyk , L. R. and Kinder , D. 1997 . Portfolio in the classroom: A vehicle for developing reflective thinking . The High School Journal , 80 : 254 – 260 .
   Google Scholar
• Kline , R. B. 2011 . Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd ed.) , New York , NY : The Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lent , R. W. , Lopez , F. G. and Bieschke , K. J. 1991 . Mathematics self-efficacy: Sources and relation to science-based career choice . Journal of Counseling Psychology , 38 : 424 – 430 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leung , D. Y. P. and Kember , D. 2003 . The relationship between approaches to learning and reflection upon practice . Educational Psychology , 23 : 61 – 71 .
   Google Scholar
• Liem , A. D. , Lau , S. and Nie , Y. 2008 . The role of self-efficacy, task value, and achievement goals in predicting learning strategies, task disengagement, peer relationship, and achievement outcome . Contemporary Educational Psychology , 33 : 486 – 512 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Little , T. D. 2000 . Modeling longitudinal and multilevel data: Practical issues, applied approaches, and specific examples , Mahwah , NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Loehlin , J. C. 2004 . Latent variable models: An introduction to factor, path, and structural equation analysis (4th ed.) , Mahwah , NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• MacCallum , R. C. , Kim , C. , Malarkey , W. B. and Kiecolt-Glaser , J. K. 1997 . Studying multivariate change using multilevel models and latent curve models . Multivariate Behavioral Research , 32 : 215 – 253 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsh , H. W. and Craven , R. G. 2006 . Reciprocal effects of self-concept and performance from a multidimensional perspective: Beyond seductive pleasure and unidimensional perspectives . Perspectives on Psychological Science , 1 : 133 – 163 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsh , H. W. and Perry , C. 2005 . Does a positive self-concept contribute to winning gold medals in elite swimming? The causal ordering of elite athlete self-concept and championship performances . Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology , 27 : 71 – 91 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsh , H. W. and Yeung , A. S. 1997 . Causal effects of academic self-concept on academic achievement: Structural equation models of longitudinal data . Journal of Educational Psychology , 89 : 41 – 54 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin , A. J. , Colmar , S. H. , Davey , L. A. and Marsh , H. W. 2010 . Longitudinal modelling of academic buoyancy and motivation: Do the 5Cs hold up over time? . British Journal of Educational Psychology , 80 : 473 – 496 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Marton , F. and Säljö , R. 1976 . On qualitative differences in learning—I: Outcome and process . British Journal of Educational Psychology , 46 : 4 – 11 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McArdle , J. J. and Nesselroade , J. R. 2003 . “ Growth curve analysis in contemporary psychological research ” . In Handbook of psychology: Research methods in psychology , Edited by: Schinka , J. A. and Velicer , W. F. 447 – 480 . New York , NY : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Mezirow , J. 1991 . Transformative dimensions of adult learning , San Francisco , CA : Jossey-Bass .
   Google Scholar
• Mezirow , J. 1998 . “ On critical reflection ” . In Adult Education Quarterly Vol. 48 , 185 – 198 .
   Google Scholar
• Norris , S. P. and Ennis , R. H. 1989 . Evaluating critical thinking , Pacific Grove , CA : Midwest .
   Google Scholar
• Pajares , F. 1996 . Self-efficacy beliefs in academic settings . Review of Educational Research , 66 : 543 – 578 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pajares , F. and Johnson , M. J. 1996 . Self-efficacy beliefs and the writing performance of entering high school students . Psychology in the Schools , 33 : 163 – 175 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pajares , F. , Johnson , J. and Usher , E. L. 2007 . Sources of writing self-efficacy beliefs of elementary, middle, and high school students . Research in the Teaching of English , 42 : 104 – 120 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pajares , F. and Kranzler , J. 1995 . Self-efficacy beliefs and general mental ability in mathematical problem solving . Contemporary Educational Psychology , 20 : 426 – 443 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pajares , F. and Miller , D. 1994 . Role of self-efficacy and self-concept beliefs in mathematical problem solving: A path analysis . Journal of Educational Psychology , 86 : 193 – 203 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pajares , F. , Miller , M. D. and Johnson , M. J. 1999 . Gender differences in writing self-efficacy beliefs of elementary school students . Journal of Educational Psychology , 91 : 50 – 61 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pajares , F. and Schunk , D. H. 2001 . “ Self-beliefs and school success: Self-efficacy, self-concept, and school achievement ” . In Perception , Edited by: Riding , R. and Rayner , S. 239 – 266 . London , , UK : Ablex .
   Google Scholar
• Pajares , F. and Urdan , T. 2006 . Adolescence and education , Vol. 5 , Greenwich , CT : Information Age .
   Google Scholar
• Pajares , F. and Valiante , G. 1997 . Influence of self-efficacy on elementary students’ writing . The Journal of Educational Research , 90 : 353 – 360 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pajares , F. and Valiante , G. 1999 . Grade level and gender differences in the writing self-beliefs of middle school students . Contemporary Educational Psychology , 24 : 390 – 405 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phan , H. P. 2007 . An examination of reflective thinking, learning approaches, and self-efficacy beliefs at the University of the South Pacific: A path analysis . Educational Psychology , 27 : 789 – 806 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phan , H. P. 2009a . Amalgamation of future time orientation, epistemological beliefs, achievement goals and study strategies: Empirical evidence established . British Journal of Educational Psychology , 79 : 155 – 173 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phan , H. P. 2009b . Exploring students’ reflective thinking practice, deep processing strategies, effort, and achievement goal orientations . Educational Psychology , 29 : 297 – 313 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phan , H. P. 2009c . Reflective thinking, effort, persistence, disorganization and academic performance: A mediational approach (Special monograph on Motivation and Competencies in Higher Education) . Revista de Investigación Psicoeducativa , 7 : 257 – 275 .
   Google Scholar
• Phan , H. P. 2009d . Relations between goals, self-efficacy, critical thinking and deep processing strategies: A path analysis . Educational Psychology , 29 : 777 – 799 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phan , H. P. 2010 . Students’ academic performance and various cognitive processes of learning: An integrative framework and empirical analysis . Educational Psychology , 30 : 297 – 322 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phan , H. P. 2011 . Interrelations between self-efficacy and learning approaches: A developmental approach . Educational Psychology , 31 : 225 – 246 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phan , H. P. 2012a . The development of English and mathematics self-efficacy: A latent growth curve analysis . The Journal of Educational Research , 105 : 196 – 209 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phan , H. P. 2012b . Relations between informational sources and self-efficacy: A developmental approach . Educational Psychology , 32 : 81 – 105 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phan , H. P. 2013 . “ Interplay between cognitive and non-cognitive processes: Review, implications, and directions ” . In Academic achievement: Predictors, learning strategies and influences of gender , Edited by: Zhang , L. and Chen , J. 1 – 32 . Hauppauge , NY : Science Nova Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Pintrich , P. R. , Smith , D. A. F. , Garcia , T. and McKeachie , W. J. 1991 . A manual for the use of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) , Ann Arbor , MI : National Centre for Research to Improve Postsecondary Teaching and Learning .
   Google Scholar
• Pintrich , P. R. , Smith , D. A. F. , Garcia , T. and McKeachie , W. J. 1993 . Reliability and predictive validity of the motivated strategies for learning questionnaire (MSLQ) . Educational and Psychological Measurement , 53 : 810 – 814 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raudenbush , S. W. and Bryk , A. S. 2001 . Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods (2nd ed.) , Newbury Park , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Schön , D. 1983 . The reflective practitioner: How professionals think in action , New York , NY : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Schön , D. 1987 . Educating the reflective practitioner , San Francisco , CA : Jossey-Bass .
   Google Scholar
• Schreiber , J. B. , Nora , A. , Stage , F. K. , Barlow , E. A. and King , J. 2006 . Reporting structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis results: A review . The Journal of Educational Research , 99 : 323 – 338 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schunk , D. H. 1995 . “ Self-efficacy and education and instruction ” . In Self-efficacy, adaptation, and adjustment: Theory, research and application , Edited by: Maddux , J. E. 283 – 301 . New York , NY : Plenum Press .
   Google Scholar
• Sins , P. H. M. , van Joolingen , W. R. , Savelsbergh , E. R. and van Hout-Wolters , B. 2008 . Motivation and performance within a collaborative computer-based modeling task: Relations between students’ achievement goal orientation, self-efficacy, cognitive processing, and achievement . Contemporary Educational Psychology , 33 : 58 – 77 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skaalvik , E. M. and Rankin , R. J. Self-concept, self-efficacy and achievement in mathematics: A test of causal relations . Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Diego, CA ,
   Google Scholar
• Skrondal , A. and Rabe-Hesketh , S. 2004 . Generalized latent variable modeling: Multilevel, longitudinal, and structural equation models , Boca Raton , FL : Chapman & Hall/CRC. .
   Google Scholar
• Steiger , J. H. 1990 . Structural model evaluation and modification: An interval estimation approach . Multivariate Behavioral Research , 25 : 173 – 180 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Manen , M . 1991 . The tact of teaching: The meaning of pedagogical thoughtfulness , Albany , NY : State University of New York .
   Google Scholar
• Weiner , B. 1979 . A theory of motivation for some classroom experiences . Journal of Educational Psychology , 71 : 3 – 25 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• West , R. F. , Toplak , M. E. and Stanovich , K. E. 2008 . Heuristics and biases as measures of critical thinking: Associations with cognitive ability and thinking dispositions . Journal of Educational Psychology , 100 : 930 – 941 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar