Exploratory two-level analysis of individual- and school-level factors on truant youth emotional/psychological functioning

References

• Achenbach, T. M. (1991). Manual checklist/4-18 and 1991 profile. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry.
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Asparouhov, T., & Muthén, B. (2013). Auxiliary variables in mixture modeling: A 3-step approach using Mplus. Retrieved from http://www.statmodel.com/download/3stepOct28.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Baker, M. L., Sigmon, J. N., & Nugent, M. E. (2001). Truancy reduction: Keeping students in school. Juvenile justice bulletin. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice Delinquency Prevention.
   Google Scholar
• Berg, I. (1992). Absences from school and mental health. British Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 154–166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berg, I., Butler, A., Franklin, J., Hayes, H., Lucas, C., & Sims, R. (1993). DSM-III-R disorders, social factors, and management of school attendance problems in the normal population. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 34, 1187–1203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berg, I., Casswell, G., Goodwin, A., Hullin, R., McGuire, R., & Tagg, G. (1985). Classification of severe school attendance problems. Psychological Medicine, 15, 157–165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blyth, D. A., Simmons, R. G., & Carlton-Ford, S. (1983). The adjustment of early adolescents to school transitions. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 3, 105–120.
   Google Scholar
• Bonell, C., Parry, W., Wells, H., Jamal, F., Fletcher, A., Harden, A., … Moore, L. (2013). The effects of the school environment on student health: A systematic review of multi-level studies. Health & Place, 21, 180–191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bridgeland, J., Dilulio, J. J. Jr., & Morison, K. B. (2006). The silent epidemic: Perspectives of high school dropouts. A report by Civic Enterprises in association with Peter D. Hart Research Associates for the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Seattle, WA: The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Briere, F. N., Pascal, S., Dupere, V., & Janosz, M. (2013). School environment and adolescent depressive symptoms: A multilevel longitudinal study. Pediatrics, 131, e702–e708.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brook, J. S., Balka, E. B., Abernathy, T., & Hamburg, B. A. (1994). Sequence of sexual behavior and its relationship to other problem behaviors in African American and Puerto Rican adolescents. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 155, 107–114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, T. A. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. New York, NY: Guilford.
   Google Scholar
• Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In K. A. Bollen & J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation models, pp. 136–162. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Bryan, A. D., Ray, L. A., & Cooper, L. M. (2007). Alcohol use and protective sexual behaviors among high-risk adolescents. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 68, 327–335.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caldas, S. J. (1993). Reexamination of input and process factor effects on public school achievement. Journal of Educational Research, 86, 206–214.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2009). Youth risk behavior survey: United States-2009. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5905a1.htm
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). Youth online-high school youth risk behavior survey. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/ss/ss6104.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014). National Health Statistics Reports, Number 74. Adverse family experiences among children in nonparental care, 2011–2012. Hyattsville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
   Google Scholar
• Colorado Department of Education. (2011). School by school truancy rates. School year: 2010–2011. Retrieved from https://www.cde.state.co.us/cdereval/truancystatistics
   Google Scholar
• Cooper, L. M. (2002). Alcohol use and risky sexual behavior among college students and youth: Evaluating the evidence. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 14, 101–117.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Guzman, M. R., & Bosch, K. R. (2007). High-risk behaviors among youth. Lincoln, NE: Neb Guide. Retrieved from http://www.ianrpubs.unl.edu/epublic/live/g1715/build/g1715.pdf?redirected=true
   Google Scholar
• De Wit, D. J., Karioja, K., Rye, B. J., & Shain, M. (2011). Perceptions of declining classmate and teacher support following the transition to high school: Potential correlates of increasing student mental health difficulties. Psychology in Schools, 48, 556–572.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dembo, R., Briones-Robinson, R., Barrett, K., Winters, K. C., Schmeidler, J., Ungaro, R., … Gulledge, L. (2013). Mental health, substance use, and delinquency among truant youths in a brief intervention project: A longitudinal study. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 21, 176–192.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dembo, R., Briones-Robinson, R., Schmeidler, J., Wareham, J., Ungaro, R., Winters, K. C., … Barrett, K. (in press). Brief intervention impact on truant youths' drug use: 18-month follow-up. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dembo, R., & Gulledge, L. M. (2009). Truancy intervention programs: Challenges and innovation to implementation. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 20, 437–456.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dembo, R., & Schmeidler, J. (2002). Family Empowerment Intervention: An innovative service for high-risk youths and their families. New York, NY: The Haworth Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dembo, R., & Shern, D. (1982). Relative deviance and the process(es) of drug involvement among inner city youths. Journal of the Addictions, 17, 1373–1399.
   Google Scholar
• Diebolt, A., & Herlache, L. (1991). The school psychologist as a consultant in truancy prevention. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Association of School Psychologists, Dallas, Texas.
   Google Scholar
• Dropout Nation. (2010). America's truancy problem: L.A. County example. Retrieved from http://dropoutnation.net/tag/truancy/
   Google Scholar
• Duchesne, S., Ratelle, C. F., Poitras, S.-C., & Drouin, E. (2009). Early adolescent attachment to parents, emotional problems, and teacher-academic worries about the middle school transition. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 27, 743–766.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eccles, J. S., Midgley, C., Wigfield, A., Buchanan, C. M., Reuman, D., Flanagan, C., & Iver, D. M. (1993). The impact of stage-environment fit on young adolescents' experiences in schools and in families. American Psychologist, 48, 90–101.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Education Commission of the States. (2007). State notes—attendance: Compulsory school age requirements. Retrieved from http://www.ecs.org/clearinghouse/64/07/6407.htm
   Google Scholar
• Egger, H. L., Costello, E. J., & Angold, A. (2003). School refusal and psychiatric disorders: A community study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 7, 797–807.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elkington, K. S., Bauermeister, J. A., Brackis-Cott, E., Dolezal, C., & Mellins, C. A. (2009). Substance use and sexual risk behaviors in perinatally human immunodeficiency virus-exposed youth: Roles of caregivers, peers and HIV status. Journal of Adolescent Health, 45, 133–141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elliott, D. S., Ageton, S. S., Huizinga, D., Knowles, B. A., & Canter, R. J. (1983). The prevalence and incidence of delinquent behavior: 1976–1980. Boulder, CO: Behavioral Research Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Garry, E. M. (2001). Truancy, first step in a lifetime of problems. Juvenile Justice Bulletin, vol. 76. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice Delinquency Prevention.
   Google Scholar
• Gelman, A., Carlin, J. B., Stern, H. S., & Rubin, D. B. (2004). Bayesian data analysis (2nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: Chapman & Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Gelman, A., Meng, X. L., Stern, H. S., & Rubin, D. B. (1996). Posterior predictive assessment of model fitness via realized discrepancies (with discussion). Statistical Sinica, 6, 733–807.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gelman, A., & Rubin, D. B. (1992). Inference from iterative simulation using multiple sequences. Statistical Science, 7, 457–511.
   Google Scholar
• Goldstein, A. L., Barnett, N. P., Pedlow, C. T., & Murphy, J. G. (2007). Drinking in conjunction with sexual experiences among at-risk college student drinkers. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 68, 697–705.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, A. F. (2006). A primer on multilevel modeling. Human Communication Research, 32, 385–410.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henry, K. L., & Huizinga, D. H. (2007). School‐related risk and protective factors associated with truancy among urban youth placed at risk. Journal of Primary Prevention, 28, 505–519.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hersov, L. (1985). School refusal. In M. Rutter & L. Hersov (Eds.), Child and adolescent psychiatry modern approaches (2nd ed., pp. 382–399). Oxford, England: Blackwell Scientific Publications.
   Google Scholar
• Hodges, K., & Kim, C.-S. (2000). Psychometric study of the Child and Adolescent Functional Assessment Scale: Prediction of contact with the law and poor school attendance. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 28, 287–297.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houck, C. D., Hadley, W., Tolou-Shams, M., & Brown, L. (2012). Truancy is associated with sexual risk among early adolescents. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 33, 728–731.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1–55.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jessor, R., & Jessor, S. I. (1977). Problem behavior and psychosocial development: A longitudinal study of youth. New York, NY: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Joyce, H. D., & Early, T. J. (2014). The impact of school connectedness and teacher support on depressive symptoms in adolescents: A multilevel analysis. Children and Youth Services Review, 39, 101–107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kasen, S., Cohen, P., Chen, H., Johnson, J. G., & Crawford, T. N. (2009). School climate and continuity of adolescent personality disorder symptoms. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50, 1504–1512.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kasen, S., Johnson, J., & Cohen, P. (1990). The impact of school emotional climate on student psychopathology. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 18, 165–177.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kearney, C. A. (2002). Identifying the function of school refusal behavior: A revision of the School Refusal Assessment Scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 24, 235–245.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kearney, C. A., & Albano, A. M. (2004). The functional profiles of school refusal behavior: Diagnostic aspects. Behavior Modification, 28, 147–161.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kearney, C. A., & Silverman, W. K. (1990). A preliminary analysis of a functional model of assessment and treatment for school refusal behavior. Behavior Modification, 14, 344–360.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kearney, C. A., & Silverman, W. K. (1995). Family environment of youngsters with school refusal behavior: A synopsis with implications for assessment and treatment. American Journal of Family Therapy, 23, 59–72.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kearney, C. A., & Silverman, W. K. (1996). The evolution and reconciliation of taxonomic strategies for school refusal behavior. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 3, 339–354.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Komro, K. A., Tobler, A. L., Maldonado-Molina, M. M., & Perry, C. L. (2010). Effects of alcohol use initiation patterns on high-risk behaviors among urban, low-income, young adolescents. Prevention Science, 11, 14–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuperminc, G. P., Leadbeater, B. J., & Blatt, S. J. (2001). School social climate and individual differences in vulnerability to psychopathology among midedle4 school students. Journal of School Psychology, 39, 141–159.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamdin, D. J. (1996). Evidence of student attendance as an independent variable in education production functions. Journal of Educational Research, 89, 155–162.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaRusso, M. D., Romer, D., & Selman, R. L. (2008). Teachers as builders of respectful school climates: Implications for adolescent drug use norms and depressive symptoms in high school. Journal of Youth & Adolescence, 37, 386–398.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loeber, R., & Farrington, D. P. (2000). Young children who commit crime: Epidemiology, developmental origins, risk factors, early interventions, and policy implications. Development and Psychopathology, 12, 737–762.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynch, S. (2010). Introduction to applied Bayesian statistics and estimation for social scientists. New York, NY: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Markham, W. A., Aveyard, P., Bisset, S. L., Lancashire, E. R., Bridle, C., & Deakin, S. (2008). Value-added education and smoking uptake in schools: A cohort study. Addiction, 103, 155–161.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markham, W. A., Young, R., Sweeting, H., West, P., & Aveyard, P. (2012). Does school ethos explain the relationship between value-added education and teenage substance use? A cohort study. Social Science & Medicine, 75, 69–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McShane, G., Walter, G., & Rey, J. M. (2001). Characteristics of adolescents with school refusal. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 35, 822–826.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morris, R. E., Baker, C. J., Valentine, M., & Pennisi, A. J. (1998). Variations in HIV risk behaviors of incarcerated juveniles during a four-year period: 1989–1992. Journal of Adolescent Health, 23, 39–48.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morris, R. E., Harrison, E. A., Knox, G. W., Tromanhauser, E., & Marquis, D. K. (1995). Health risk behavioral survey from 39 juvenile correctional facilities in the United States. Journal of Adolescent Health, 17, 334–344.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mortimore, P., Sammons, P., Stoll, L., Lewis, D., & Ecob, R. J. (1988). School matters: The junior years. London, England: Open Books.
   Google Scholar
• Murphy, D. A., Brecht, M., Herbeck, D., & Huang, D. (2009). Trajectories of HIV risk behavior from age 15 to 25 in the national longitudinal survey of youth sample. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38, 1226–1239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muthén, B., & Asparouhov, T. (2010). Bayesian SEM: A more flexible representation of substantive theory. Retrieved January 10, 2010 from http://www.statmodel.com/download/BSEMv4.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2012). Mplus user's guide, 7th version. Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén.
   Google Scholar
• Muthén, B. O., & Satorra, A. (1995). Complex sample data in structural equation modeling. Sociological Methodology, 25, 267–316.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Center for School Engagement. (2006). Lessons learned from four truancy demonstration sites. Denver, CO: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Puzzanchera, C., Stahl, A. L., Finnegan, T. A., Tierney, N., & Snyder, H. N. (2003). Juvenile Court Statistics 1998. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice Delinquency Prevention.
   Google Scholar
• Roeser, R. W., Eccles, j. S., & Sameroff, A. J. (1998). Academic and emotional functioning in early adolescence: Longitudinal relations, patterns, and prediction by experience in middle school. Development and Psychopathology, 10, 321–352.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rupp, A. A., Dey, D. K., & Zumbo, B. D. (2004). To Bayes or not to Bayes, from whether to when: Applications of Bayesian methodology to modeling. Structural Equation Modeling, 11, 424–451.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutter, M., Maughan, B., Mortimore, P., & Ouston, J. (1979). Fifteen thousand hours: Secondary schools and their effects on children. London, England: Open Books.
   Google Scholar
• Scheines, R., Hoijtink, H., & Boomsma, A. (1999). Bayesian estimation and testing of structural equation models. Psychometrika, 64, 37–52.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schroeder, J., Chaisson, R., & Pogue, R. (2004). Pathways to death row for America's disabled youth: Three case studies driving reform. Journal of Youth Studies, 7, 451–472.
   Google Scholar
• Seidman, E., Allen, L., Aber, J. L., Mitchell, C., & Feinman, J. (1994). The impact of school transitions in early adolescence on the self-system and perceived social context of poor urban youth. Child Development, 65, 507–522.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shochet, I. M., Dadds, M. R., Ham, D., & Montague, R. (2006). School connectedness is an underemphasized parameter in adolescent mental health: Results of a community prediction study. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 35, 170–179.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snijders, T., & Bosker, R. (2012). Multilevel analysis: An introduction to basic and advanced multilevel modeling (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Soldz, S., Huyser, D. J., & Dorsey, E. (2003). The cigar as a drug delivery device: Youth use of blunts. Addiction, 98, 1379–1386.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinhausen, H.-C., Muller, N., & Metzke, C. W. (2008). Frequency, stability and differentiation of self-reported school fear and truancy in a community sample. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 2, 17.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thapa, A., Cohen, J., Guffey, S., & Higgins-D'Alessandro, A. (2013). A review of school climate research. Review of Educational Research, 83, 357–385.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warren, C. W., Santelli, J. S., Everett, S. A., Kann, L., Collins, J. L., Cassell, C., … Kolbe, K. J. (1998). Sexual behavior among US high school students, 1990–1995. Family Planning Perspectives, 30, 170–172.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Way, N., Reddy, R., & Rhodes, J. (2007). Students' perceptions of school climate during the middle school years: Associations with trajectories of psychological and behavioral adjustment. American Journal of Community Psychology, 40, 194–213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wenz-Gross, M., Siperstein, G. N., Untch, A. S., & Widaman, K. F. (1997). Stress, social support, and adjustment of adolescents in middle school. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 17, 129–151.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• West, P., Sweeting, H., & Leyland, A. (2004). School effects on pupils' health behaviors: Evidence in support of the health promoting school. Research Papers in Education, 19, 261–291.
   Google Scholar
• Wetherill, R. R., & Fromme, K. (2007). Alcohol use, sexual activity, and perceived risk in high school athletes and non-athletes. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41, 294–301.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wigfield, A., Eccles, J. A., Mac Iver, D., Reuman, D. A., & Midgley, C. (1991). Transitions during early adolescence: Changes in children's domain-specific self-perceptions and general self-esteem across the transition to junior high school. Developmental Psychology, 27, 552–565.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winters, K. C. (1992). Development of an adolescent alcohol and other drug abuse screening scale: Personal Experience Screening Questionnaire. Addictive Behaviors, 17, 479–490.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winters, K. C., & Henly, G. A. (1993). Adolescent Diagnostic Interview schedule and manual. Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services.
   Google Scholar
• Winters, K. C., & Leitten, W. (2007). Brief intervention for drug-abusing adolescents in a school setting. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 21, 249–254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winters, K. C., & Stinchfield, R. D. (2003). Adolescent Diagnostic Interview–Parent. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota.
   Google Scholar
• Young, P., & Rahdert, E. (2000). Development of a POSIT-related HIV/STD risk scale. Bethesda, MA: NOVA Research Company.
   Google Scholar