A Comparison of Young Children Learning to Read in Different Instructional Settings

References

• Almasi , J. , McKeown , M. G. and Beck , I. L. 1996 . The nature of engaged reading in classroom discussions of literature . Journal of Reading Behavior , 28 : 107 – 147 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Au , K. and Carroll , J. H. 1997 . Improving literacy achievement through a constructivist approach: The KEEP demonstration classroom project . The Elementary School Journal , 97 : 203 – 221 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker , L. and Brown , A. 1984 . “ Metacognitive skills and reading ” . In Handbook of reading research , Edited by: Pearson , P. D. , Barr , R. , Kamil , M. L. and Mosenthal , P. Vol. 1 , 353 – 394 . New York : Longman .
   Google Scholar
• Bergin , D. and LaFave , C. L. 1998 . Continuities between motivation research and whole language approaches to instruction . Journal of Literacy Research , 30 : 321 – 356 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berlinger , D. C. and Biddle , D. 1995 . The manufactured crisis , Reading, MA : Addison-Wesley .
   Google Scholar
• Biemiller , A. 1970 . The development of the use of graphic and contextual information as children learn to read . Research Reading Quarterly , 6 : 75 – 96 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cambourne , B. 1988 . The whole story: Natural learning and the acquisition of literacy in the classroom , New Zealand : Scholastics .
   Google Scholar
• Clay , M. M. 1979 . The early detection of reading difficulties , Portsmouth, NH : Heinemann .
   Google Scholar
• Clay , M. M. 1991 . Becoming literate: The construction of inner control , Auckland, , New Zealand : Heinemann .
   Google Scholar
• Corno , L. and Rohrkemper , M. 1985 . “ The intrinsic motivation to learn in classrooms ” . In Research on motivation in education: The classroom milieu , Edited by: Ames , C. and Ames , R. Vol. 2 , 53 – 90 . New York : Mac-millan .
   Google Scholar
• Corno , L. and Snow , R. E. 1986 . “ Adapting teaching to individual differences among learners ” . In Handbook of research on teaching , Edited by: Wittrock , M. C. 605 – 629 . New York : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Crosby , B. 1963 . The case of the hungry stranger , New York : Harper and Row .
   Google Scholar
• Crosby , B. 1965 . The cat's meow , New York : Harper and Row .
   Google Scholar
• Dahl , K. L. and Freppon , P. A. 1995 . A comparison of inner-city children's interpretations of reading and writing in the early grades in skills-based and whole language classrooms . Reading Research Quarterly , 30 : 50 – 74 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deci , E. and Ryan , R. 1987 . Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior , New York : Teachers College Press .
   Google Scholar
• Deci , E. and Ryan , R. 1991 . “ A motivational approach to self: Integration in personality ” . In Perspectives in motivation , Edited by: Dienstbier , R. 237 – 288 . Lincoln : Nebraska Symposium on Motivation 1990, University of Nebraska Press .
   Google Scholar
• DeFord , D. E. 1985 . Validating the construct of the theoretical orientation in reading instruction . Reading Research Quarterly , 20 : 351 – 367 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dyson , A. H. 1989 . Multiple worlds of child writers: Friends learning to write , New York : Teachers' College Press .
   Google Scholar
• Dyson , A. H. 1991 . February). Viewpoints: The word and the world—reconceptualizing written language development or do rainbows mean a lot to little girls? . Research in the Teaching of English , 25 : 97 – 123 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards , E. and Mercer , N. 1987 . Common knowledge , New York : Methuen .
   Google Scholar
• Flesh , R. 1956 . Why Johnny cann't read: And what you can do about it , New York : Harper .
   Google Scholar
• Fowler , G. L. 1981 . “ The residential distribution of urban Appalachians ” . In The invisible minority: Urban Appalachians , Edited by: Philliber , W. W. and McCoy , C. B. 79 – 94 . Louisville : The University Press of Kentucky .
   Google Scholar
• Freppon , P. A. 1991 . An investigation of children's concepts of the purpose and nature of reading in different instructional settings . The Journal of Reading Behavior: A Journal of Literacy , 23 : 139 – 163 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freppon , P. A. 1994 . Understanding the nature of reading and writing difficulties: An alternative view . Reading and Writing Quarterly , 10 : 227 – 238 .
   Google Scholar
• Freppon , P. A. 1995 . Low-income children's literacy interpretations in a skills-based and a whole language classroom . Journal of Reading Behavior , : 505 – 533 .
   Google Scholar
• Freppon , P. A. and Dahl , K. 1998 . Balanced instruction insights and considerations . Reading Research Quarterly , 33 : 240 – 251 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glaser , B. G. 1978 . Theoretical sensitivity , Mill Valley, CA : Sociology Press .
   Google Scholar
• Goetz , J. P. and LeCompte , M. D. 1984 . Ethnography and qualitative design in educational research , New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Goodman , Y. , Watson , D. and Burke , C. 1987 . Reading miscue inventory , New York : Richard C. Owen .
   Google Scholar
• Green , J. and Meyer , L. 1991 . “ The embeddedness of reading in classroom life: Reading as a situated process ” . In The critical sociology of reading pedagogy , Edited by: Baker , C. and Luke , A. 141 – 160 . The Netherlands : John Benjamin .
   Google Scholar
• Griffin , P. , Cole , M. and Newman , D. 1982 . Locating tasks in psychology and education . Discourse Processes , 5 : 111 – 125 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guthrie , J. T. , Schafer , W. , Wang , Y. and Afflerbach , P. 1993 . Influences of instruction on reading engagement: An empirical exploration of a social cognitive framework of reading activity , Athens, GA : National Reading Center . (Research Rep. No. 3)
   Google Scholar
• Guthrie , J. T. , Van Meter , P. , McCann , A. D. , Wigfield , A. , Bennett , L. , Poundstone , C. C. , Rice , M. E. , Failbisch , F. M. and Mitchell , A. M. 1996 . Growth of literacy engagement: Changes in motivations and strategies during concept-oriented reading instruction . Reading Research Quarterly , 31 : 306 – 331 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyons , N. 1990 . Dilemmas of knowing: Ethical and epistemologies dimensions of teachers' work and development . Harvard Educational Review , 60 : 159 – 180 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mason , J. M. 1984 . “ Early reading from a developmental perspective ” . In Handbook of reading research , Edited by: Pearson , P. D. 505 – 544 . White Plains, NY : Longman .
   Google Scholar
• McIntyre , E. 1992 . Young children's reading behaviors in various classroom contexts . Journal of Reading Behavior: A Journal of Literacy , 24 : 339 – 371 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McIntyre , E. 1996 . “ Strategies and skills in whole language: An introduction to balanced instruction ” . In Balanced instruction: Skills and strategies in whole language , Edited by: McIntyre , E. and Pressley , M. 1 – 20 . Norwood, MA : Christopher Gordon .
   Google Scholar
• McIntyre , E. and Freppon , P. A. 1994 . Children's development of alphabetic knowledge in skills-based and whole language classrooms . Research in the Teaching of English , 28 : 391 – 417 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKenna , M. C. , Robinson , R. D. and Miller , J. W. 1994 . “ Emerging perspectives on whole language ” . In Whole language: The debate , Edited by: Smith , C. B. 101 – 111 . Bloomington, IN : ERIC Clearinghouse on Reading, English, and Communication .
   Google Scholar
• McKenna , M. C. , Stahl , S. A. and Reinking , D. 1994 . A critical commentary on research, politics, and whole language . Journal of Reading Behavior , 26 : 211 – 234 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merriam , S. B. 1988 . Case study research in education: A qualitative approach , San Francisco : Jossey-Bass .
   Google Scholar
• Miles , M. B. and Huberman , M. A. 1984 . Qualitative data analysis , London : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Miller , L. S. 1995 . An American imperative: Accelerating minority educational achievement , New Haven, CT : Yale University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Moss , R. K. 1983 . Transactions among teachers and children: Instructional behavior and the writing process during classroom writing episodes , Texas A&M University . Unpublished dissertation
   Google Scholar
• Oldfather , P. and Dahl , K. L. 1994 . Toward a social constructivist reconceptulization of intrinsic motivation for literacy learning . Journal of Reading Behavior , 26 : 139 – 158 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paris , S. , Wasik , B. A. and Turner , J. C. 1991 . “ The development of strategic readers ” . In Handbook of reading research , Edited by: Barr , R. , Kamil , M. L. and Mosenthal , P. Vol. 2 , 727 – 757 . White Plains, NY : Longman .
   Google Scholar
• Pearson , P. D. and Fielding , L. 1991 . “ Comprehension instruction ” . In Handbook of reading research , Edited by: Barr , R. , Kamil , M. L. , Mosenthal , P. and Pearson , P. D. Vol. 2 , 885 – 910 . New York : Longman .
   Google Scholar
• Pintrich , P. R. and DeGroot , E. V. 1990 . Motivation and self-regulated learning components of classroom academic performance . Journal of Educational Psychology , 82 : 33 – 40 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Purcell-Gates , V. 1989 . “ Written language knowledge held by low-SES, inner-city children entering kindergarten ” . In Cognitive and social perspectives for literacy research and instruction , Edited by: McCormick , S. and Zutell , J. 95 – 105 . Chicago : National Reading Conference .
   Google Scholar
• Purcell-Gates , V. 1995 . Other people's words: The cycle of low literacy , Boston : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Purcell-Gates , V. and Dahl , K. 1992 . Low-SES children's success and failure at early literacy in skills-based classrooms . Journal of Reading Behavior: A Journal of Literacy , 23 : 1 – 34 .
   Google Scholar
• Rich , S. 1985 . Restoring power to teachers: The impact of “whole language.” . Language Arts , 62 : 717 – 724 .
   Google Scholar
• Rowe , D. W. 1989 . Author/audience interaction in the preschool: The role of social interaction in literacy lessons . Journal of Reading Behavior: A Journal of Literacy , 21 : 311 – 349 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanovich , K. 1986 . Matthew effects in reading: Some consequences of individual differences in the acquisition of literacy . Reading Research Quarterly , 21 : 360 – 406 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinberg , J. 1998 . Hybrid reading method urged . The New York Times , 19 March : 1
   Google Scholar
• Sulzby , E. 1985 . Children's emergent reading of favorite storybooks: A developmental study . Reading Research Quarterly , 20 : 458 – 481 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sulzby , E. and Teale , W. 1991 . “ Emergent literacy ” . In Handbook of reading research , Edited by: Barr , R. , Kamil , M. L. and Mosenthal , P. Vol. 2 , 727 – 757 . White Plains, NY : Longman .
   Google Scholar
• Tharp , R. G. and Gallimore , R. 1993 . Rousing minds to life , New York : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Turner , J. 1995 . The influence of classroom contexts on young children's motivation for literacy . Reading Research Quarterly , 30 : 410 – 441 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vygotsky , L. 1978 . Mind and society: The development of higher psychological processes , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Wittrock , M. C. 1986 . “ Students' thought processes ” . In Handbook of research on teaching , Edited by: Wittrock , M. C. 297 – 314 . New York : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar