Approach-Withdrawal Response Competition (Aw-Rc), Displacement, and Behavior Modification

References

• Bandura , A. 1969 . Principles of Behavior Modification , New York : Holt, Rinehart & Winston .
   Google Scholar
• Berkun , M. M. 1957 . Factors in the recovery from approach-avoidance conflict . J. Exper. Psychol , 54 : 65 – 73 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bintz , J. , Braud , W. G. and Brown , J. S. 1970 . An analysis of the role of fear in the Kamin effect . Learn., & Motiv , 1 : 170 – 176 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brush , F. R. , Bush , R. R. , Jenkins , W. O. , John , W. F. and Whiting , J. W. M. 1952 . Stimulus generalization after extinction and punishment: An experimental study of displacement . J. Abn., & Soc. Psychol , 47 : 633 – 640 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davison , G. C. 1968 . Systematic desensitization as a counterconditioning process . J. Abn. Psychol , 73 : 91 – 99 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunham , P. J. , Mariner , A. and Adams , A. 1969 . Enhancement of off-key pecking by on-key punishment . J. Exper. Anal. Behav , 12 : 789 – 797 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elder , S. T. 1974 . Personal communication
   Google Scholar
• Elder , S. T. , Kuehne , T. E. , Clarke , N. and Larre , E. E. 1970 . Approach-avoidance conflict: I. Empirically determined speed-of-locomotion approach gradients . Psychol. Rep , 27 : 623 – 628 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elder , T. , Noblin , C. D. and Maher , B. A. 1961 . The extinction of fear as a function of distance versus dissimilarity from the original conflict situation . J. Abn., & Soc. Psychol , 63 : 530 – 533 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fowler , H. 1963 . Facilitation and inhibition of performance by punishment: The effects of shock intensity and distribution of trials . J. Comp., & Physiol. Psychol , 56 : 531 – 538 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fowler , H. and Miller , N. E. 1963 . Facilitation and inhibition of runway performance by hindand forepaw shock of various intensities . J. Comp., & Physiol. Psychol , 56 : 801 – 805 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heilizer , F. 1964 . Conflict models, alcohol, and drinking patterns . J. of Psychol , 57 : 457 – 473 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heilizer , F. 1977 . A review of theory and research on the assumptions of Miller's response competition (conflict) models: Response gradients . J. Gen. Psychol , 97 : 17 – 71 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffman , H. S. and Fleshler , M. 1963 . Discrimination and stimulus generalization of approach, of avoidance, and of approach and avoidance during conflict . J. Exper. Psychol , 65 : 280 – 291 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jones , M. C. 1924 . A laboratory study of fear: The case of Peter . J. Genet. Psychol , 31 : 308 – 315 .
   Google Scholar
• Karsh , E. B. 1963 . Changes in intensity of punishment: Effect on running behavior of rats . Science , 140 : 1084 – 1085 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lomont , J. F. 1965 . Reciprocal inhibition or extinction? . Behav. Res., & Ther , 3 : 209 – 219 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maher , B. A. , Elder , S. T. and Noblin , C. D. 1962 . A differential investigation of avoidance reduction versus hypermotility following frontal ablation . J. Comp., & Physiol. Psychol , 55 : 449 – 454 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin , B. and Ross , L. E. 1964 . Effects of consummatory response punishment on consummatory and runway behavior . J. Comp., & Physiol. Psychol , 58 : 243 – 247 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin , R. B. and Hamburg , I. 1966 . Displacement as a factor in recovery from conflict . J. Exper. Res. Personal , 1 : 262 – 265 .
   Google Scholar
• Martin , R. B. , Truckenbrod , P. and Ditrichs , R. 1967 . Temporal factors in recovery from conflict . J. Exper. Res. Personal , 2 : 268 – 271 .
   Google Scholar
• Miller , N. E. 1948 . Theory and experiment relating psychoanalytic displacement to stimulus-response generalization . J. Abn., & Soc. Psychol , 43 : 155 – 178 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , N. E. 1959 . “ Liberalization of basic S-R concepts: Extensions to conflict behavior, motivation, and social learning ” . In Psychology: A Study of a Science. Vol. 2. General Systematic Formulations, Learning, and Special Processes , Edited by: Koch , S. New York : McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Miller , N. E. and Kraeling , D. 1952 . Displacement: Greater generalization of approach than avoidance in a generalized approach-avoidance conflict . J. Exper. Psychol , 43 : 217 – 221 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Miller , N. E. and Murray , E. J. 1952 . Displacement and conflict: Learnable drive as a basis for the steeper gradient of avoidance than of approach . J. Exper. Psychol , 43 : 227 – 231 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mpitsos , G. M. and Collins , S. D. 1975 . Learning: Rapid aversive conditioning in the gastropod mollusk Pleurobranchaea . Science , 188 : 954 – 957 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray , E. J. and Berkun , M. M. 1955 . Displacement as a function of conflict . J. Abn., & Soc. Psychol , 51 : 47 – 56 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Murray , E. J. and Miller , N. E. 1952 . Displacement: Steeper gradient of generalization of avoidance than of approach with age of habit controlled . J. Exper. Psychol , 43 : 222 – 226 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Noblin , C. D. and Maher , B. A. 1962 . Temporal and physical factors in avoidance reduction . J. Comp., & Physiol. Psychol , 55 : 62 – 65 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Redd , W. H. , Noblin , C. D. and Maher , B. A. 1968 . Conflict resolution during the passage of time: Avoidance and the role of hunger cues . J. Exper. Res. Personal , 3 : 65 – 70 .
   Google Scholar
• Scheflen , N. A. 1957 . “ Generalization and extinction of experimentally induced fear in cats ” . In Experimental Psychopathology , Edited by: Hoch , P. H. and Zubin , J. New York : Grune & Stratton .
   Google Scholar
• Schwartz , G. E. and Johnson , H. J. 1968 . Effects of preference on displacement in approach-avoidance conflict . J. Abn. Psychol , 73 : 487 – 491 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sears , R. R. , Whiting , J. W. M. , Nowlis , V. and Sears , P. S. 1953 . Some child-rearing antecedents of aggression and dependency in young children . Genet. Psychol. Monog , 47 : 135 – 234 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Taylor , J. A. and Maher , B. A. 1959 . Escape and displacement experience as variables in the recovery from approach-avoidance conflict . J. Comp., & Physiol. Psychol , 52 : 586 – 590 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor , J. A. and Rennie , B. 1961 . Recovery from approach-avoidance conflict as a function of escape and displacement experiences . J. Comp., & Physiol. Psychol , 54 : 275 – 278 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trapold , M. A. , Miller , N. E. and Coons , E. E. 1960 . All-or-none versus progressive approach in an approach-avoidance conflict . J. Comp., & Physiol. Psychol , 53 : 293 – 296 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whiting , J. W. M. and Child , I. L. 1953 . Child-Training and Personality: A Cross-Cultural Study , New Haven : Yale Univ. Press .
   Google Scholar
• Wilson , G. T. and Davison , G. C. 1971 . Processes of fear reduction in systematic desensitization . Psychol. Bull , 76 : 1 – 14 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wolpe , J. 1958 . Psychotherapy by Reciprocal Inhibition , Stanford, Calif. : Stanford Univ. Press .
   Google Scholar