2,070
Views
13
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Deciding the Fate of Others: The Cognitive Underpinnings of Racially Biased Juror Decision Making

, &
Pages 175-193 | Received 30 Nov 2011, Accepted 16 Apr 2012, Published online: 13 Jun 2012

REFERENCES

  • Allport , G. W. and Postman , L. J. 1947 . The psychology of rumor , Oxford , , UK : Holt .
  • Baldus , D. C. , Woodworth , G. , Zuckerman , D. , Weiner , N. A. and Broffitt , B. 1998 . Racial discrimination and the death penalty in the post-Furman era: An empirical and legal overview, with recent findings from Philadelphia . Cornell Law Review , 83 : 1638 – 1770 .
  • Beilock , S. L. and Carr , T. H. 2005 . When high-powered people fail: Working memory and “choking under pressure” in math . Psychological Science , 16 ( 2 ) : 101 – 105 . doi:10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.00789.x
  • Blanchard , F. A. , Lilly , T. and Vaughn , L. A. 1991 . Reducing the expression of racial prejudice . Psychological Science , 2 : 101 – 105 .
  • Bodenhausen , G. V. 2005 . The role of stereotypes in decision-making processes . Medical Decision Making , 25 ( 1 ) : 112 – 118 . doi:10.1177/0272989x04273800
  • Bogardus , E. S. 1925 . Measuring social distance . Journal of Applied Sociology , 9 : 299 – 309 .
  • Bowers , W. J. , Steiner , B. D. and Sandys , M. 2001 . Death sentencing in Black and White: An empirical analysis of the role of jurors’ race and jury racial composition . University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law , 3 : 171 – 274 .
  • Correll , J. , Urland , G. R. and Ito , T. A. 2006 . Event-related potentials and the decision to shoot: The role of threat perception and cognitive control . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 42 ( 1 ) : 120 – 128 . doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2005.02.006
  • Devine , P. G. 1989 . Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled components . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 56 ( 1 ) : 5 – 18 . doi:10.1037/0022-3514.56.1.5
  • Eberhardt , J. L. , Davies , P. G. , Purdie-Vaughns , V. J. and Johnson , S. L. 2006 . Looking deathworthy: Perceived stereotypicality of black defendants predicts capital-sentencing outcomes . Psychological Science , 17 : 383 – 386 .
  • Eberhardt , J. L. , Goff , P. , Purdie , V. J. and Davies , P. G. 2004 . Seeing Black: Race, crime, and visual processing . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 87 ( 6 ) : 876 – 893 . doi:10.1037/0022-3514.87.6.876
  • Gaertner , S. L. and Dovidio , J. F. 1986 . “ The aversive form of racism ” . In Prejudice, discrimination, and racism , Edited by: Dovidio , J. F. and Gaertner , S. L. 61 – 89 . Orlando , FL : Academic Press .
  • Goldinger , S. D. , Kleider , H. M. , Azuma , T. and Beike , D. R. 2003 . Blaming the victim under memory load . Psychological Science , 14 : 81 – 85 .
  • Horowitz , I. A. , ForsterLee , L. and Brolly , I. 1996 . Effects of trial complexity on decision making . Journal of Applied Psychology , 81 ( 6 ) : 757 – 768 . doi:10.1037/0021-9010.81.6.757
  • The Innocence Project . “ Facts on post-conviction DNA exonerations ” . Retrieved April 23, 2011, from http://www.innocenceproject.org
  • Jacoby , L. L. 1991 . A process dissociation framework: Separating automatic from intentional uses of memory . Journal of Memory and Language , 30 ( 5 ) : 513 – 541 . doi:10.1016/0749-596X(91)90025-F
  • Jones , C. S. and Kaplan , M. F. 2003 . The effects of racially stereotypical crimes on juror decision making and information-processing strategies . Basic and Applied Social Psychology , 25 ( 1 ) : 1 – 13 .
  • Kane , M. J. and Engle , R. W. 2000 . Working-memory capacity, proactive interference, and divided attention: Limits on long-term memory retrieval . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition , 26 ( 2 ) : 336 – 358 . doi:10.1037/0278-7393.26.2.336
  • Kemmelmeier , M. 2005 . The effects of race and social dominance orientation in simulated juror decision making . Journal of Applied Social Psychology , 35 ( 5 ) : 1030 – 1045 . doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2005.tb02158.x
  • Kleider , H. M. and Parrott , D. J. 2009 . Aggressive shooting behavior: How working memory and threat influence shoot decisions . Journal of Research in Personality , 43 ( 3 ) : 494 – 497 . doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2008.12.007
  • Lambert , A. J. , Payne , B. , Jacoby , L. L. , Shaffer , L. M. , Chasteen , A. L. and Khan , S. R. 2003 . Stereotypes as dominant responses: On the “social facilitation” of prejudice in anticipated public contexts . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 84 ( 2 ) : 277 – 295 . doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.2.277
  • McAllister , H. A. and Bregman , N. J. 1986 . Plea bargaining by prosecutors and defense attorneys: A decision theory approach . Journal of Applied Psychology , 71 ( 4 ) : 686 – 690 . doi:10.1037/0021-9010.71.4.686
  • McGowen , R. and King , G. D. 1982 . Effects of authoritarian, anti-authoritarian, and egalitarian legal attitudes on mock juror and jury decisions . Psychological Reports , 51 : 1067 – 1074 .
  • Mitchell , T. L. , Haw , R. M. , Pfeifer , J. E. and Meissner , C. A. 2005 . Racial bias in mock juror decision making: A meta-analytic review of defendant treatment . Law and Human Behavior , 29 ( 6 ) : 621 – 637 . doi:10.1007/s10979-005-8122-9
  • Moore , A. B. , Clark , B. A. and Kane , M. J. 2008 . Who shalt not kill? Individual differences in working memory capacity, executive control, and moral judgment . Psychological Science , 19 : 549 – 557 .
  • Parrillo , V. N. and Donoghue , C. 2005 . Updating the Bogardus social distance studies: A new national survey . Social Science Journal , 42 ( 2 ) : 257 – 271 .
  • Payne , B. , Lambert , A. J. and Jacoby , L. L. 2002 . Best laid plans: Effects of goals on accessibility bias and cognitive control in race-based misperceptions of weapons . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 38 ( 4 ) : 384 – 396 . doi:10.1016/S0022-1031(02)00006-9
  • Plant , E. and Devine , P. G. 1998 . Internal and external motivation to respond without prejudice . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 75 ( 3 ) : 811 – 832 . doi:10.1037/0022-3514.75.3.811
  • Richeson , J. A. and Shelton , J. 2003 . When prejudice does not pay: Effects of interracial contact on executive function . Psychological Science , 14 ( 3 ) : 287 – 290 . doi:10.1111/1467-9280.03437
  • Rosen , V. M. and Engle , R. W. 1998 . Working memory capacity and suppression . Journal of Memory and Language , 39 ( 3 ) : 418 – 436 . doi:10.1006/jmla.1998.2590
  • Sherman , J. W. and Bessenoff , G. R. 1999 . Stereotypes as source-monitoring cues: On the interaction between episodic and semantic memory . Psychological Science , 10 ( 2 ) : 106 – 110 . doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00116
  • Sommers , S. R. 2007 . Race and the decision making of juries . Legal and Criminological Psychology , 12 ( 2 ) : 171 – 187 . doi:10.1348/135532507x189687
  • Sommers , S. R. and Ellsworth , P. C. 2000 . Race in the courtroom: Perceptions of guilt and dispositional attributions . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 26 ( 11 ) : 1367 – 1379 . 1379. doi:10.1177/0146167200263005
  • Unsworth , N. and Engle , R. W. 2005 . Working memory capacity and fluid abilities: Examining the correlation between operation span and raven . Intelligence , 33 ( 1 ) : 67 – 81 . doi:10.1016/j.intell.2004.08.003
  • Unsworth , N. and Engle , R. W. 2007 . On the division of short-term and working memory: An examination of simple and complex span and their relation to higher order abilities . Psychological Bulletin , 133 ( 6 ) : 1038 – 1066 . doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.6.1038
  • Unsworth , N. , Heitz , R. P. , Schrock , J. C. and Engle , R. W. 2005 . An automated version of the operation span task . Behavior Research Methods , 37 ( 3 ) : 498 – 505 .
  • van Knippenberg , A. , Dijksterhuis , A. and Vermeulen , D. 1999 . Judgment and memory of a criminal act: The effects of stereotypes and cognitive load . European Journal of Social Psychology , 29 ( 2–3 ) : 191 – 201 .
  • Visher , C. A. 1987 . Juror decision making: The importance of evidence . Law and Human Behavior , 11 ( 1 ) : 1 – 17 . doi:10.1007/BF01044835
  • von Hippel , W. and Gonsalkorale , K. 2005 . “That is bloody revolting!” Inhibitory control of thoughts better left unsaid . Psychological Science , 16 ( 7 ) : 497 – 500 . doi:10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.01563.x
  • Wegner , D. M. 1994 . Ironic processes of mental control . Psychological Review , 101 ( 1 ) : 34 – 52 . doi:10.1037/0033-295X.101.1.34

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.