Exploring the Link Between Emotional and Behavioral Dysregulation: A Test of the Emotional Cascade Model

REFERENCES

• Abramowitz , J. S. , Tolin , D. F. and Street , G. P. 2001 . Paradoxical effects of thought suppression: A meta-analysis of controlled studies . Clinical Psychology Review , 21 : 683 – 703 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altın , M. and Gençöz , T. 2009 . Psychopathological correlates and psychometric properties of the White Bear Suppression Inventory in a Turkish sample . European Journal of Psychological Assessment , 25 ( 1 ) : 23 – 29 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association . 1994 . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders . , (4th ed.) , Washington , DC : American Psychiatric Association .
   Google Scholar
• Beck , A. T. , Epstein , N. , Brown , G. and Steer , R. A. 1988 . An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 56 : 893 – 897 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck , A. T. , Rush , A. J. , Shaw , B. F. and Emery , G. 1979 . Cognitive therapy of depression. , New York , NY : Guilford .
   Google Scholar
• Beck , A. T. , Steer , R. A. and Garbin , M. G. 1988 . Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: Twenty-five years of evaluation. . Clinical Psychology Review , 8 ( 1 ) : 77 – 100 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck , A. T. , Ward , C. H. , Mendelson , M. , Mock , J. and Erbaugh , J. 1961 . An inventory for measuring depression . Archives of General Psychiatry , 4 : 561 – 571 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caselli , G. , Ferretti , C. , Leoni , M. , Rebecchi , D. , Rovetto , F. and Spada , M. M. 2010 . Rumination as a predictor of drinking behaviour in alcohol abusers: A prospective study . Addiction , 105 : 1041 – 1048 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, E. C., Tsai, W., & Sanna, L. J. 2010 . Examining the relations between rumination and adjustment: Do ethnic differences exist between Asian and American students? . Asian American Journal of Psychology , 1 ( 1 ) : 46–56
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapman , A. L. , Gratz , K. L. and Brown , M. Z. 2006 . Solving the puzzle of deliberate self-harm: The experiential avoidance model . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 44 : 371 – 394 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper , M. L. 1994 . Motivations for alcohol use among adolescents: Development and validation of a four-factor model . Psychological Assessment , 6 : 117 – 128 .
   Google Scholar
• Cooper , M. L. , Frone , M. R. , Russell , M. and Mudar , P. 1995 . Drinking to regulate positive and negative emotions: A motivational model of alcohol use . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 69 : 990 – 1005 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox , W. M. and Klinger , E. 1988 . A motivational model of alcohol use . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 97 : 168 – 180 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coyne , J. C. 1976 . Toward an interactional description of depression . Psychiatry , 39 : 28 – 40 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erber , R. and Wegner , D. M. 1996 . “ Ruminations on the rebound ” . In Ruminative thoughts: Advances in social cognition , Edited by: Wyer , R. S. Jr. 73 – 79 . Mahwah , NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Erskine , J. A. and Georgiou , G. J. 2010 . Effects of thought suppression on eating behaviour in restrained and non-restrained eaters . Appetite , 54 ( 3 ) : 499 – 503 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evren , C. , Çelik , S. , Aksoy , R. and Çetin , T. 2010 . Factorial structure, reliability, and validity of the Turkish version of the Drinking Motives Questionnaire-Revised in male alcohol dependent inpatients . Düşünen Adam: The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences , 23 : 174 – 184 .
   Google Scholar
• Fairburn , C. G. and Beglin , S. J. 1994 . Assessment of eating disorders: Interview or self- report questionnaire? . International Journal of Eating Disorders , 16 ( 4 ) : 363 – 70 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fairburn , C. G. and Cooper , Z. 1993 . “ The eating disorder examination ” . In Binge eating: Nature, assessment, and treatment , Edited by: Fairburn , C. G. and Wilson , G. T. New York , NY : Guilford Press . 12th ed., pp. 317–360
   Google Scholar
• Garnefski , N. , Kraaij , V. and Spinhoven , P. 2001 . Negative life events, cognitive emotion regulation and emotional problems . Personality and Individual Differences , 30 : 1311 – 1327 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gençöz , F. and Gençöz , T. 2005 . Psychometric properties of the reassurance-seeking scale in a Turkish sample . Psychological Reports , 96 : 47 – 50 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gratz , K. L. and Roemer , L. 2008 . The relationship between emotion dysregulation and deliberate self-harm among female undergraduate students at an urban commuter university . Cognitive Behaviour Therapy , 37 : 14 – 25 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Grossmann , I. and Kross , E. 2010 . The impact of culture on adaptive versus maladaptive self reflection . Psychological Science , 21 : 1150 – 1157 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hathaway , S. R. and McKinley , J. C. 1940 . A multiphasic personality schedule (Minnesota): I. Construction of the Schedule . Journal of Psychology , 10 : 249 – 254 .
   Google Scholar
• Hayaki , J. 2009 . Negative reinforcement, eating expectancies, emotion dysregulation, and symptoms of bulimia nervosa . International Journal of Eating Disorders , 42 : 552 – 556 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heatherton , T. F. and Baumeister , R. F. 1991 . Binge eating as escape from self-awareness . Psychological Bulletin , 110 : 86 – 108 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hilt , L. M. , Cha , C. B. and Nolen-Hoeksema , S. 2008 . Non-suicidal self-injury in young adolescent girls: Moderators of the distress–function relationship . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 76 : 63 – 71 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hisli , N. 1988 . Beck Depresyon Envanteri’nin geçerliği üzerine bir çalışma [A study on the validity of the Beck Depression Inventory] . Turkish Journal of Psychology , 6 : 118 – 122 .
   Google Scholar
• Hisli , N. 1989 . Beck Depresyon Envanteri’nin üniversite öğrencileri için geçerliği ve güvenirliği [Reliability and validity of the Beck Depression Inventory among university students] . Turkish Journal of Psychology , 7 : 3 – 13 .
   Google Scholar
• Hofstede , G. 1980 . Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values , Beverly Hills , CA : Sage Publications .
   Google Scholar
• Hu , L. and Bentler , P. M. 1999 . Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives . Structural Equation Modeling , 6 : 1 – 55 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joiner , T. E. , Alfano , M. S. and Metalsky , G. I. 1992 . When depression breeds contempt: Reassurance seeking, self-esteem, and rejection of depressed college students by their roommates . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 101 : 165 – 173 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joiner , T. E. and Metalsky , G. I. 2001 . Excessive reassurance seeking: Delineating a risk factor involved in the development of depressive symptoms . Psychological Science , 12 : 371 – 378 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joiner , T. E. , Metalzky , G. I. , Katz , J. and Beach , S. R. H. 1999 . Depression and excessive reassurance-seeking . Psychological lnquiry , 10 ( 4 ) : 269 – 278 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kağıtçıbaşı , Ç. 1996 . The autonomous-relational self: A new synthesis . European Psychologist , 1 : 180 – 196 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klonsky , E. D. 2009 . The functions of self-injury in young adults who cut themselves: Clarifying the evidence for affect-regulation . Psychiatry Research , 166 : 260 – 268 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leibenluft , E. , Gardner , D. L. and Cowdry , R. W. 1987 . Special feature the inner experience of the borderline self-mutilator . Journal of Personality Disorders , 1 ( 4 ) : 317 – 324 .
   Google Scholar
• Linehan , M. M. 1993 . Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder. , New York , NY : Guilford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Morley , S. , Williams , A. C. and Black , S. 2002 . A confirmatory factor analysis of the Beck Depression Inventory in chronic pain . Pain , 99 : 289 – 298 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Najmi , S. , Wegner , D. M. and Nock , M. K. 2007 . Thought suppression and self-injurious thoughts and behaviors . Behavior Research and Therapy , 45 ( 8 ) : 1957 – 1965 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nolen-Hoeksema , S. and Jackson , B. 2001 . Mediators in the gender difference in rumination . Psychology of Women Quarterly , 25 : 37 – 47 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Stice, E., Wade, E., & Bohon, C. 2007 . Reciprocal relations between rumination and bulimic, substance abuse, and depressive symptoms in female adolescents . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 116 : 198–207
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenthal , M. Z. , Cheavens , J. S. , Lejuez , C. W. and Lynch , T. R. 2005 . Thought suppression mediates the relationship between negative affect and borderline personality disorder symptoms . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 43 : 1173 – 1185 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt , R. E. , Gay , P. , Courvoisier , D. , Jermann , J. , Ceschi , G. , David , M. , Brinkmann , K. and Van der Linden , M. 2009 . Anatomy of the White Bear Suppression Inventory (WBSI): A review of previous findings and a new approach . Journal of Personality Assessment , 91 : 323 – 330 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selby , E. A. 2007 . Understanding the relationship between emotional and behavioral dysregulation: A cascade of emotions (Unpublished masters dissertation). Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
   Google Scholar
• Selby , E. A. , Anestis , M. D. and Joiner , T. E. Jr. 2008 . Understanding the relationship between emotional and behavioral dysregulation: Emotional cascades . Behaviour Research and Therapy , 46 : 593 – 611 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selby , E. A. , Anestis , M. D. , Bender , T. W. and Joiner , T. E. Jr. 2009 . An exploration of the emotional cascade model in borderline personality disorder . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 118 ( 2 ) : 375 – 387 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selby , E. A. and Joiner , T. E. Jr. 2009 . Cascades of emotion: The emergence of borderline personality disorder from emotional and behavioral dysregulation . Review of General Psychology , 13 ( 3 ) : 219 – 229 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selby , E. A. and Joiner , T. E. Jr . 2013 . Emotional cascades as prospective predictors of dysregulated behaviors in borderline personality disorder . Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment , 4 ( 2 ) : 168 – 174 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swendson , J. D. , Tennen , H. , Carney , M. A. , Affleck , G. , Willard , A. and Hromi , A. 2000 . Mood and alcohol consumption: An experience sampling test of the self-medication hypothesis . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 109 : 198 – 204 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szasz , P. L. 2009 . Thought suppression, depressive rumination, and depression: A mediation analysis . Journal of Cognitive and Behavioral Psychotherapies , 9 ( 2 ) : 199 – 209 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tegin , B. 1980 . Depresyonda bilişsel bozukluklar: Beck modeline göre bir inceleme . (Unpublished doctoral thesis). Hacettepe University Social Sciences Institute, Ankara, Turkey
   Google Scholar
• Tuna , E. and Bozo , Ö. 2012 . The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire: Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Turkish version . Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment , 34 : 564 – 570 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ulusoy , M. , Şahin , N. and Erkmen , H. 1996 . Turkish version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory . Journal of Psychiatry Psychology Psychopharmacology , 4 : 251 – 259 .
   Google Scholar
• Wegner , D. M. 1994 . Ironic processes of mental control . Psychological Review , 101 : 34 – 52 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wegner , D. M. , Schneider , D. J. , Carter , S. R. and White , T. L. 1987 . Paradoxical effects of thought suppression . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 53 : 5 – 13 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wegner , D. M. and Zanakos , S. 1994 . Chronic thought suppression . Journal of Personality , 62 : 615 – 640 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weinberg , A. and Klonsky , E. D. 2009 . Measurement of emotion dysregulation in adolescents . Psychological Assessment , 21 : 616 – 621 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weinstock , L. M. and Whisman , M. A. 2007 . Rumination and excessive reassurance-seeking in depression: A cognitive–interpersonal integration . Cognitive Therapy and Research , 31 ( 3 ) : 333 – 342 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wenzlaff , R. M. and Luxton , D. D. 2003 . The role of thought suppression in depressive rumination . Cognitive Therapy and Research , 27 ( 3 ) : 293 – 308 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wenzlaff , R. M. and Wegner , D. M. 2000 . Thought suppression . Annual Reviews of Psychology , 51 : 59 – 91 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whiteside , U. , Chen , E. Y. , Neighbors , C. , Hunter , D. , Lo , T. and Larimer , M. E. 2007 . Binge eating and emotion regulation: Do binge eaters have fewer skills to modulate and tolerate negative affect? . Eating Behaviors , 8 : 162 – 169 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yucel , B. , Polat , A. , Ikiz , T. , Pirim-Dusgor , B. , Yavuz , A. E. and Sertel-Berk , O. 2011 . The Turkish version of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire: Reliability and validity in adolescents . European Eating Disorders Review , 19 ( 6 ) : 509 – 511 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar