Correlates and stability of alternate stimuli in a computer-based measure of inspection time

References

• Anderson, M. (1992). Intelligence and development: A cognitive theory. Oxford: Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Bar, M., & Biederman, I. (1998). Subliminal visual priming. Psychological Science, 9(6), 464–469. doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00086
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrett, P. T., Petrides, K. V., & Eysenck, H. J. (1998). Estimating inspection time: Response probabilities, the BRAT IT algorithm, and IQ correlations. Personality and Individual Differences, 24(3), 405–419. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(97)00184-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bates, T. C., & Rock, A. (2004). Personality and information processing speed: Independent influences on intelligent performance. Intelligence, 32(1), 33–46. doi:10.1016/j.intell.2003.08.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beaujean, A. A. (2005). Heritability of cognitive abilities as measured by mental chronometric tasks: A meta-analysis. Intelligence, 33(2), 187–201. doi:10.1016/j.intell.2004.08.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bors, D. A., & MacLeod, C. M. (1996). Attention, information processing, and IQ. International Journal of Psychology, 31, 34–52.
   Google Scholar
• Bowling, A. C., & Mackenzie, B. D. (1996). The relationship between speed of information processing and cognitive ability. Personality and Individual Differences, 20(6),775–800. doi:10.1016/0191-8869(96)00022-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breitmeyer, B. G., & Hanif, W. (2008). “Change of mind” within and between nonconscious (masked) and conscious (unmasked) visual processing. Consciousness and Cognition, 17(1), 254–266. doi:10.1016/j.concog.2007.08.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breitmeyer, B. G., Ro, T., & Singhal, N. S. (2004). Unconscious color priming occurs at stimulus- not percept-dependent levels of visual processing. Psychological Science, 15(3), 198–202. doi:10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.01503009.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breitmeyer, B. G., Ro, T., Öĝmen, H., & Todd, S. (2007). Unconscious stimulus-dependent priming and conscious, percept-dependent priming with chromatic stimuli. Perception & Psychophysics, 69(4), 550–557. doi:10.3758/BF03193912
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Burns, N. R., & Nettelbeck, T. (2003). Inspection time in the structure of cognitive abilities: Where does IT fit? Intelligence, 31(3), 237–255. doi:10.1016/S0160-2896(02)00120-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burns, N. R., Nettelbeck, T., McPherson, J., & Stankov, L. (2007). Perceptual learning on inspection time and motion perception. The Journal of General Psychology, 134(1), 83–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carroll, J. B. (1993). Human cognitive abilities: A survey of factor-analytical studies. New York: Cambridge University.
   Google Scholar
• Chaiken, S. R. (1993). Two models for an inspection time paradigm: processing distraction and processing speed versus processing speed and asymptotic strength. Intelligence, 17(3), 257–283. doi:10.1016/0160-2896(93)90002-M
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaiken, S. R., & Young, R. K. (1993). Inspection time and intelligence: Attempts to eliminate the apparent movement strategy. American Journal of Psychology, 106(2), 191–210. doi:10.2307/1423167
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colom, R., Jung, R. E., & Haier, R. J. (2006). Distributed brain sites for the g-factor of intelligence. NeuroImage, 31(3), 1359–1365.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deary, I. J. (2000). Looking down on human intelligence: From psychometrics to the brain. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Deary, I. J., & Ritchie, S. J. (2016). Processing speed differences between 70- and 83-year-olds matched on childhood IQ. Intelligence, 55, 28–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deary, I. J., & Stough, C. (1996). Intelligence and inspection time: Achievements, prospects and problems. American Psychologist, 51(6), 599–608. doi:10.1037//0003-066X.51.6.599
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deary, I. J., Penke, L., & Johnson, W. (2010). The neuroscience of human intelligence differences. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 11(3), 201–211. doi:10.1038/nrn2793
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deary, I. J., Simonotto, E., Marshall, A., Marshall, I., Goddard, N., & Wardlaw, J. M. (2001). The functional anatomy of inspection time; a pilot fMRI study. Intelligence, 29(6), 497–510. doi:10.1016/S0160-2896(01)00076-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egan, V. (1994). Intelligence, inspection time and cognitive strategies. British Journal of Psychology, 85(3), 305–315. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1994.tb02526.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Egan, V., & Deary, I. J. (1992). Are specific inspection time strategies prevented by concurrent tasks? Intelligence, 16(2), 151–167. doi:10.1016/0160-2896(92)90002-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans, G., & Nettelbeck, T. (1993). Inspection time: a flash mask to reduce apparent movement effects. Personality and Individual Differences, 15(1), 91–94. doi:10.1016/0191-8869(93)90045-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eysenck, H. J. (1987). Speed of information processing, reaction time, and the theory of intelligence. In P. A. Vernon (Ed.), Speed of information-processing and intelligence. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
   Google Scholar
• Fox, M. C., Roring, R. W., & Mitchum, A. L. (2009). Reversing the speed–IQ correlation: Intra-individual variability and attentional control in the inspection time paradigm. Intelligence, 37(1), 76–80. doi:10.1016/j.intell.2008.08.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frings, C., & Neubauer, A. (2005). Are masked-stimuli-discrimination-tests in masked priming studies measures of intelligence? - An alternative task for measuring inspection time. Personality and Individual Differences, 39(7), 1181–1191. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.02.024
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gregory, T., Nettelbeck, T., Howard, S., & Wilson, C. (2008). Inspection Time: A biomarker for cognitive decline. Intelligence, 36(6), 664–671. doi:10.1016/j.intell.2008.03.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grudnik, J. L., & Kranzler, J. H. (2001). Meta-analysis of the relationship between intelligence and inspection time. Intelligence, 29(6), 523–535. doi:10.1016/S0160-2896(01)00078-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen, A. R. (1992). Understanding g in terms of information processing. Educational Psychology Review, 4(3), 271–308. doi:10.1007/BF01417874
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen, A. R. (1998). The g factor: The science of mental ability. Westport, CT: Praeger/Greenwood.
   Google Scholar
• Jensen, A. R. (2006). Clocking the mind: Mental chronometry and individual differences. Oxford, UK: Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Joy, S., Kaplan, E., & Fein, D. (2004). Speed and memory in the WAIS-III Digit Symbol-Coding subtest across the lifespan. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 19(6), 759–767. doi:10.1016/j.acn.2003.09.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kinoshita, S., & Lupker, S. J. (2003). Masked priming. New York: Psychology Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kranzler, J. H., & Jensen, A. R. (1989). Inspection time and intelligence: a meta-analysis. Intelligence, 13(4), 329–347. doi:10.1016/S0160-2896(89)80006-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kranzler, J. H., & Jensen, A. R. (1991). The nature of psychometric g: Unitary process or a number of independent processes? Intelligence, 15(4), 397–422. doi:10.1016/0160-2896(91)90003-V
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kush, J. C., Spring, M. B., & Barkand, J. (2012). Advances in the assessment of cognitive skills using computer-based measurement. Behavior Research Methods, 44(1),125–134. doi:10.3758/s13428-011-0136-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu, Y., & Sireci, S. G. (2007). Validity issues in test speededness. Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 26(4), 29–37. doi:10.1111/j.1745-3992.2007.00106.x
   Google Scholar
• Luciano, M., Smith, G. A., Wright, M. J., Geffen, G. M., Geffen, L. B., & Martin, N. G. (2001). On the heritability of inspection time and its covariance with IQ: A twin study. Intelligence, 29(6), 443–457. doi:10.1016/S0160-2896(01)00071-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luciano, M., Wright, M. J., Geffen, G. M., Geffen, L. B., Smith, G. A., & Martin, N. G. (2004). A genetic investigation of the covariation among inspection time, choice reaction time, and IQ subtest scores. Behavior Genetics, 34(1), 41–50. doi:10.1023/B:BEGE.0000009475.35287.9d
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackenzie, B., & Bingham, E. (1985). IQ, inspection time and response strategies in a university population. Australian Journal of Psychology, 37(3), 257–268. doi:10.1080/00049538508256403
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackenzie, B., & Cumming, S. (1986). How fragile is the relationship between inspection time and intelligence? The effect of apparent-motion cues and previous experience. Personality and Individual Differences, 7(5), 721–729. doi:10.1016/0191-8869(86)90043-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackintosh, N. J. (1986). The biology of intelligence? British Journal of Psychology, 77(1), 1–18. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1986.tb01977.x
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McCrory, C., & Cooper, C. (2007). Overlap between visual inspection time and general intelligence. Learning and Individual Differences, 17(2), 187–192. doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2007.03.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neisser, U., Boodoo, G., Bouchard, T. J., Jr., Boykin, A. W., Brody, N., Ceci, S. J., … Urbina, S. (1996). Intelligence: Knowns and unknowns. American Psychologist, 51(2), 77–101. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.51.2.77
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nettelbeck, T. (1998). Jensen’s chronometric research: Neither simple for sufficient but a good place to start. Intelligence, 26(3), 233–241. doi:10.1016/S0160-2896(99)80006-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nettelbeck, T. (2001). Correlation between inspection time and psychometric abilities: A personal interpretation. Intelligence, 29(6), 459–474. doi:10.1016/S0160-2896(01)00072-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nettelbeck, T., & Wilson, C. (2004). The Flynn effect: Smarter not faster. Intelligence, 32(1), 85–93. doi:10.1016/S0160-2896(03)00060-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nettelbeck, T., & Wilson, C. (2005). Uncertainty about the biology of intelligence: A role for a marker task. Cortex, 41(2), 234–235.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neubauer, A. C. (1997). The mental speed approach to the assessment of intelligence. In J. Kingma, & W. Tomic (Eds.), Advances in cognition and education: Reflections on the concept of intelligence (pp. 149–174). Greenwich, Connecticut: JAI press.
   Google Scholar
• Preiss, A. K., & Burns, N. R. (2012). Accurately measuring inspection time with computers. International Journal of Intelligence Science, 2(4),96–102. doi:10.4236/ijis.2012.24013
   Google Scholar
• Ritchie, S. J., Tucker-Drob, E. M., & Deary, I. J. (2014). A strong link between speed of visual discrimination and cognitive ageing. Current Biology, 24, 681–683. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.06.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt, T. (2002). The finger in flight: Real-time motor control by visually masked color stimuli. Psychological Science, 13(2), 112–118. doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00421
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schubert, A., Hagemann, D., Voss, A., Schankin, A., & Bergmann, K. (2015). Decomposing the relationship between mental speed and mental abilities. Intelligence, 51, 28–46. doi:10.1016/j.intell.2015.05.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheppard, L. D. (2008). Intelligence and speed of information-processing: A review of 50 years of research. Personality and Individual Differences, 44, 533–549.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, G. A. (1980). Models of choice reaction time. In A. T. Welford (Ed.), Reaction times (pp. 173–214). London: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Stough, C., Bates, T. C., Mangan, G. L., & Colrain, I. (2001a). Inspection time and intelligence: Further attempts to eliminate the apparent movement strategy. Intelligence, 29(3), 219–230. doi:10.1016/S0160-2896(00)00053-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stough, C., Thompson, J. C., Bates, T. C., & Nathan, P. J. (2001b). Examining neurochemical determinants of inspection time: Development of a biological model. Intelligence, 29(6), 511–522. doi:10.1016/S0160-2896(01)00077-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vernon, P. A. (1987). Speed of information processing and intelligence. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
   Google Scholar
• Wechsler, D. (2003). The WISC-IV technical and interpretive manual. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Wetherill, G. B., & Levitt, H. (1965). Sequential estimation of points on a psychometric function. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 18(1),1–10. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1965.tb00689.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, S. E., Turley, C., Nettelbeck, T., & Burns, N. R. (2009). A measure of inspection time in 4-year-old children: The Benny Bee IT task. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 27(3), 669–680. doi:10.1348/026151008X354573
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Winer, B. (1971). Statistical principles in experimental design. New York: McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar