References
- Aitchison , J. 1986 . The statistical analysis of compositional data , London : Chapman & Hall .
- Amit , R. and Wernerfeit , B . 1990 . Why do firms reduce business risk? . Academy of Management Journal , 33 : 520 – 533 .
- Anderson , C. R. and Paine , F. E. 1978 . PIMS: A reexamination . Academy of Management Review , 3 : 602 – 612 .
- Benton , S. L. , Corkill , A. J. , Sharp , J. M. , Downey , R. G. and Khramtsova , I . 1995 . Knowledge, interest, and narrative writing . Journal of Educational Psychology , 87 : 66 – 79 .
- Bettis , R. A. and Mahajan , V . 1985 . Risk/return performance of diversified firms . Management Science , 31 : 785 – 799 .
- Boeker , W. 1992 . Power and managerial dismissal: Scapegoating at the top . Administrative Science Quarterly , 37 : 400 – 421 .
- Buzzell , R. D. and Gale , B. E. 1987 . The PIMS principles––Linking strategy to performance , New York : Free Press .
- Chayes , F. 1971 . Ratio correlation , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
- Cohen , J. and Cohen , P . 1983 . Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences, , 2nd ed. , Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
- Firebaugh , G. and Gibbs , J. E. 1985 . User's guide to ratio variables . American Sociological Review , 50 : 713 – 722 .
- Fuguitt , G. V. and Lieberson , S . 1974 . “ The correlation of ratios or difference scores having common terms ” . In Sociological methodology 1973–1974 , Edited by: Costner , H. L. San Francisco : Jossey-Bass .
- Hambrick , D. C. , MacMillan , I. C. and Day , D. E. 1982 . Strategic attributes and performance in the BCG matrix––A PIMS-based analysis of industrial product businesses . Academy of Management Journal , 25 : 510 – 531 .
- Haunschild , P. E. 1994 . How much is the company worth?: Interorganizational relationships, uncertainty, and acquisition premiums . Administrative Science Quarterly , 39 : 391 – 411 .
- IMSL, Inc . 1987 . STAT/LIBRARY user's manual, version 1.0 , Houston : IMSL .
- Kasarda , J. D. and Nolan , P. E. 1979 . Ratio measurement and theoretical inference in social research . Social Forces , 58 : 212 – 227 .
- Kelm , K. M. , Narayanan , V. K. and Pinches , G. E. 1995 . Shareholder value creation during R&D innovation and commercialization stages . Academy of Management Journal , 38 : 770 – 786 .
- Kronmal , R. E. 1993 . Spurious correlation and the fallacy of the ratio standard revisited . Journal of the Royal Statistical Society A , 156 : 379 – 392 .
- Kuh , E. and Meyer , J. E. 1955 . Correlation and regression estimates when the data are ratios . Econometrica , 23 : 400 – 416 .
- Levine , R. V. , Martinez , T. S. , Brase , G. and Sorenson , K . 1994 . Helping in 36 U.S. cities . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 67 : 69 – 82 .
- Logan , C. E. 1982 . Problems in ratio correlation: The case of deterrence research . Social Forces , 60 : 791 – 810 .
- Long , S. E. 1979 . “ The continuing debate over the use of ratio variables: Facts and fiction ” . In Sociological methodology 1980 , Edited by: Schuessler , K. F. 37 – 67 . San Francisco : Jossey-Bass .
- Lubatkin , M. and Pitts , M . 1983 . PIMS: Fact or folklore? . Journal of Business Strategy , 3 : 38 – 43 .
- Lynn , M. and Bond , C. E. 1992 . Conceptual meaning and spuriousness in ratio correlations: The case of restaurant tipping . Journal of Applied Social Psychology , 22 : 327 – 341 .
- MacMillan , A. and Daft , R. E. 1979 . Administrative intensity and ratio variables: The case against definitional dependency . Social Forces , 58 : 228 – 248 .
- MacMillan , A. and Daft , R. E. 1980 . Relationships among ratio variables with common components: Fact or artifact . Social Forces , 58 : 1109 – 1128 .
- MacMillan , I. C. , Hambrick , D. C. and Day , D. E. 1982 . The product-portfolio and profitability––A PIMS-based analysis of industrial-product businesses . Academy of Management Journal , 25 : 733 – 755 .
- McClintock , C. C. and Hunt , R. E. 1975 . Nonverbal indicators of affect and deception in an interview setting . Journal of Applied Social Psychology , 5 : 54 – 67 .
- McNemar , Q. 1962 . Psychological statistics, , 3rd ed. , New York : Wiley .
- Miller , K. D. and Bromiley , P . 1990 . Strategic risk and corporate performance: An analysis of alternative risk measures . Academy of Management Journal , 33 : 756 – 779 .
- Neyman , J. 1952 . Lectures and conferences on mathematical statistics and probability, , 2nd ed. , 143 – 154 . Washington, DC : U.S. Department of Agriculture .
- Ostroff , C. 1992 . The relationship between satisfaction, attitudes, and performance: An organizational level analysis . The Journal of Applied Psychology , 77 : 963 – 974 .
- Pearson , K. 1897 . Mathematical contributions to the theory of evolution––On a form of spurious correlation which may arise when indices are used in the measurement of organs . Proceedings of the Royal Society of London , 60 : 489 – 497 .
- Pendleton , B. F. , Newman , I. and Marshall , R. E. 1983 . A Monte Carlo approach to correlational spuriousness and ratio variables . Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation , 18 : 93 – 124 .
- Ryan , A. M. , Schmit , M. J. and Johnson , R . 1996 . Attitudes and effectiveness: Examining relationships at an organizational level . Personnel Psychology , 49 : 853 – 882 .
- Schuessler , K. 1974 . Analysis of ratio variables: Opportunities and pitfalls . American Journal of Sociology , 80 : 379 – 396 .
- Smith , K. G. , Grimm , C. M. , Gannon , M. J. and Chen , M. E. 1991 . Organizational information processing, competitive responses, and performance in the U.S. domestic airline industry . Academy of Management Journal , 34 : 60 – 85 .
- Tittle , C. E. 1969 . Crime rates and legal sanctions . Social Problems , 16 : 409 – 423 .
- Yule , G. E. 1910 . On the interpretation of correlations between indices or ratios . Journal of the Royal Statistical Society , 73 : 644 – 647 .