Making Mistakes

References

• Argyris, C. “The Executive Mind and Double-Loop Learning.” Organizational Dynamics, 11 (1982), 5–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Argyris, C. Reasoning, Learning, and Action, Individual and Organizational. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1982.
   Google Scholar
• Argyris, C., and D. A. Schön. Organizational Learning. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1978.
   Google Scholar
• Bartunek, J. M. “The Dynamics of Personal and Organizational Reframing.” In Paradox and Transformation, Toward a Theory of Change in Organization and Management, edited by R. E. Quinn and K. S. Cameron, pp. 137–62. Cambridge, Mass.: Ballinger, 1988.
   Google Scholar
• Belenky, M. F., B. Clinchy, N. Goldberger, and J. Tarule. Women's Ways of Knowing, The Development of Self, Voice, and Mind. New York: Basic Books, 1986.
   Google Scholar
• Benezet, L. T., J. Katz, and F. W. Magnusson. Style and Substance: Leadership and the College Presidency. Washington, D.C.: ACE, 1981.
   Google Scholar
• Bensimon, E. M. “The Discovery Stage of Presidential Succession.” Paper presented to the Association for the Study of Higher Education, Baltimore, Md., 1987.
   Google Scholar
• Bensimon, E. M., A. Neumann, and R. Birnbaum. Making Sense of Administrative Leadership: The “L” Word in Higher Education. ASHE/ERIC Higher Education Report, No. 1. Washington, D.C.: Association for the Study of Higher Education, 1989.
   Google Scholar
• Berendzen, R. Is My Armor Straight? Bethesda, Md.: Adler and Adler, 1986.
   Google Scholar
• Birnbaum, R. “When College Presidents Are Wrong: The Effects of Knowledge Structures and Judgmental Heuristics on Administrative Inferences.” Paper presented to the American Education Research Association, Chicago, Ill., 1987.
   Google Scholar
• Birnbaum, R., E. M. Bensimon; and A. Neumann. “Leadership in Higher Education: A Multi-dimensional Approach to Research.” Review of Higher Education, 12 (Winter 1989), 101–5.
   Google Scholar
• Bruffee, K. A. “The Art of Collaborative Learning, Making the Most of Knowledgeable Peers.” Change, 19 (March/April 1987), 42–47.
   Google Scholar
• Chaffee, E. E. “Successful Strategic Management in Small Private Colleges.” Journal of Higher Education, 55 (March/April 1984), 212–41.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaffee, E. E. “The Concept of Strategy: From Business to Higher Education.” In Higher Education: Handbook of Theory and Research, Vol. 1, edited by J. C. Smart, pp. 133–73. New York: Agathon Press, 1985.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, M. D., and J. G. March. Leadership and Ambiguity, 2nd ed. Boston, Mass.: Harvard Business School Press, 1986.
   Google Scholar
• Cote, L. S. “The Relative Importance of Presidential Roles.” Journal of Higher Education, 56 (November/December 1985), 664–76.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crocker, J., S. T. Fiske, and S. E. Taylor. “Schematic Bases of Belief Change.” In Attitudinal Judgment, edited by J. R. Eiser, pp. 197–226. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1984.
   Google Scholar
• Dill, D. D. “The Nature of Administrative Behavior in Higher Education.” Educational Administration Quarterly, 20 (Summer 1984), 69–99.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feldman, J. “On the Difficulty of Learning from Experience.” In The Thinking Organization: Dynamics of Organizational Social Cognition, by H. F. Sims, Jr., D. A. Gioia, and associates, pp. 263–92. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1986.
   Google Scholar
• Fiske, S. T., and D. R. Kinder. “Involvement, Expertise, and Schema Use: Evidence from Political Cognition.” In Personality, Cognition and Social Interaction, edited by N. Cantor and J. F. Kihlstrom, pp. 171–90. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1981.
   Google Scholar
• Fiske, S. T., and S. E. Taylor. Social Cognition. New York: Random House, 1984.
   Google Scholar
• Friedlander, F. “Patterns of Individual and Organizational Learning.” In The Executive Mind, by S. Srivastva and associates, pp. 192–220. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1983.
   Google Scholar
• Freire, P. Pedagogy of the Oppresssed. New York: Continuum, 1984.
   Google Scholar
• Gilley, J. W., K. A. Fulmer, and S. J. Reithlingshoefer. Searching for Academic Excellence, Twenty Colleges and Universities on the Move and Their Leaders. New York: ACE/Macmillan, 1986.
   Google Scholar
• Gilligan, C. In a Different Voice, Psychological Theory and Women's Development. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1982.
   Google Scholar
• Gioia, D. A., and H. P. Sims, Jr. “Introduction: Social Cognition in Organizations.” In The Thinking Organization, Dynamics of Organizational Social Cognition, by H. P. Sims, Jr., D. A. Gioia, and associates, pp. 1–19. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1986.
   Google Scholar
• Hedberg, B. “How Organizations Learn and Unlearn.” In Handbook of Organizational Design, vol. 1, Adapting Organizations to Their Environments, edited by P. C. Nystrom and W. H. Starbuck, pp. 3–27. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1981.
   Google Scholar
• Isenberg, D. J. “How Senior Managers Think.” Harvard Business Review, (November/December 1984), 81–90.
   Google Scholar
• Isenberg, D. J. “The Structure and Process of Understanding: Implications for Managerial Action. In The Thinking Organization, Dynamics of Organizatial Social Cognition by H. P. Sims, Jr., D. A. Gioia, and associates, pp. 238–62. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1986.
   Google Scholar
• Kauffman, J. F. At the Pleasure of the Board: The Service of the College and University President. Washington, D.C.: ACE, 1980.
   Google Scholar
• Keller, E. F. Reflections on Gender and Science. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985.
   Google Scholar
• Kerr, C. Presidents Make a Difference: Strengthening Leadership in Colleges and Universities. Washington, D.C.: Association of Governing Boards of Universities and Colleges, 1984.
   Google Scholar
• Kerr, C. and M. L. Gade. The Many Lives of Academic Presidents: Time, Place and Character. Washington, D.C.: Association of Governing Boards of Universities and Colleges, 1986.
   Google Scholar
• Levitt, B., and J. G. March. “Organizational Learning.” Annual Review of Sociology, 14(1988), 319–40.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lord, R. G., and R. J. Foti. “Schema Theories, Information Processing, and Organizational Behavior.” In The Thinking Organization, Dynamics of Organizational Social Cognition, by H. P. Sims, Jr., D. A. Gioia, and associates, pp. 20–48. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1986.
   Google Scholar
• Markus, H. “Self-Schemata and Processing Information About the Self.” The Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35 (February 1977), 63–78.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitroff, I. I. “Systematic Problem Solving.” In Leadership: Where Else Can We Go?, edited by M. W. McCall, Jr., and M. M. Lombardo, pp. 129–43. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1978.
   Google Scholar
• Morgan, G. Images of Organization. Beverly Hills: Sage, 1986.
   Google Scholar
• Neumann, A. “Strategic Leadership: The Changing Orientations of College Presidents.” Review of Higher Education, 12 (Winter 1989), 137–51.
   Google Scholar
• Peterson, W. D. “Critical Incidents for New and Experienced College and University Presidents.” Research in Higher Education, 3 (1975), 45–50.
   Google Scholar
• Resnick, L. B. “Learning In School and Out.” Educational Researcher, 16 (December 1987), 13–20.
   Google Scholar
• Rothbart, M. “Memory Processes and Social Beliefs.” In Cognitive Processes in Stereotyping and Intergroup Behavior, edited by D. L. Hamilton, pp. 145–181. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1981.
   Google Scholar
• Schatzman, L., and A. L. Strauss. Field Research, Strategies for a Natural Sociology. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1973.
   Google Scholar
• Schön, D A. The Reflective Practitioner. New York: Basic Books, 1983.
   Google Scholar
• Selltiz, C., L. S. Wrightsman, and S. W. Cook. Research Methods in Social Relations, 3rd ed. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1976.
   Google Scholar
• Sternberg, R. J. “Mechanisms of Cognitive Development: A Componential Approach.” In Mechanisms of Cognitive Development, edited by R. J. Sternberg, pp. 163–86. New York: W. H. Freeman, 1984.
   Google Scholar
• Sternberg, R. J. The Triarchic Mind, A New Theory of Human Intelligence. New York: Viking, 1988.
   Google Scholar
• Vaughan, G. B. The Community College Presidency. New York: ACE/Macmillan, 1986.
   Google Scholar
• Weick, K. E. The Social Psychology of Organizing, 2nd ed. New York: Random House, 1979.
   Google Scholar