From Commercial Schools to Corporate Universities: Explaining the Shift in Proprietary Business Education in the U.S., 1970–1990

References

• Aaker, J., Vohs, K., & Mogliner, C. (2010). Non-profits are seen as warm and for-profits as competent: Firm stereotypes matter. Journal of Consumer Research, 37(2), 224–237.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Apling, R. N. (1993). Proprietary schools and their students. The Journal of Higher Education, 64(4), 379–416.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bailey, T., Badway, N., & Gumport, P. (2001). For-profit higher education and community colleges. Retrieved from ERIC Database. (ED463824).
   Google Scholar
• Bennett, D. L., Lucchesi, A. R., & Vedder, R. K. (2010). For-profit higher education: Growth, innovation, and regulation. The Center for College Affordability and Productivity. Retrieved from www.centerforcollegeaffordability.org/uploads/ForProfit_HigherEd.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Blumenstyk, G. (2013, June 16). Nonprofit colleges compete on for-profits' turf. The Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved from chronicle.com/article/For-Profit-Colleges-Consider/139851
   Google Scholar
• Breneman, D., Pusser, B., & Turner, S. (2006). Earnings from learning: The rise of for-profit universities. Albany: State University of New York Press.
   Google Scholar
• Brint, S., & Karabel, J. (1989). The diverted dream: Community colleges and the promise of education opportunity in America, 1900–1985. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bureau of Labor Statistics. U.S. Department of Labor. (1962, 1967, 1972, 1977, 1982, 1987, 1992). Occupational outlook handbook. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan.
   Google Scholar
• Bureau of Labor Statistics. U.S. Department of Labor. (1998). Employee tenure in 1998. [Press release]. Retrieved from www.bls.gov/news.release/history/tenure_092498.txt
   Google Scholar
• Bureau of Labor Statistics. U.S. Department of Labor. (2006). Employee tenure in 2006. [Press release]. Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/tenure_09082006.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Bureau of Labor Statistics. U.S. Department of Labor. (2008). Glossary. Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/bls/glossary.htm
   Google Scholar
• Cappelli, P. (1992). Examining management displacement. Academy of Management Journal, 35(1), 203–217.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carroll, T. H. (1959). A foundation expresses its interest in the higher education for business management. Journal of the Academy of Management, 2(3), 155–167.
   Google Scholar
• Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (1998). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. California: Sage Publications, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Chaloux, B. (1995). State oversight of the proprietary sector. New Directions for Community Colleges, 91(Fall), 81–92.
   Google Scholar
• Daniel, C. A. (1998). MBA: The first century. Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Davies, S., & Quirke, L. (2007). The impact of sector on school organizations: Institutional and market logics. Sociology of Education, 80(1), 66–89.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deil-Amen, R., & Rosenbaum, J. E. (2004). Charter building and labor market contacts in two-year colleges. Sociology of Education, 77(3), 245–265.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeVry University. (2015). Accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. Retrieved from http://www.devry.edu/academics/accreditation.html
   Google Scholar
• Financial needs of students at vocational proprietary schools. Hearing before the special subcommittee on education of the committee on education and labor, House of Representatives, 92nd Cong. 678 (1971) (testimony of Henry E. Bowes). Retrieved from http://congressional.proquest.com/congressional
   Google Scholar
• Gigot, Paul. (1981, March 30). Emphasizing the practical, Keller schools are making a business of teaching business. Wall Street Journal, p. 25.
   Google Scholar
• Goldstein, Harold. (1999, May). The early history of the Occupational Outlook Handbook. Monthly Labor Review, pp. 3–7.
   Google Scholar
• Gordon, R. A., & Howell, J. E. (1959). Higher education for business. New York: Columbia University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hayes, R. H., & Abernathy, W. J. Managing our way to economic decline. Harvard Business Review 86(4), 67–77.
   Google Scholar
• Iloh, C., & Tierney, W. G. (2013). A comparison of for-profit and community colleges' admissions practices. College & University, 88(4), 4–12.
   Google Scholar
• Iloh C., & Tierney, W. G. (2014). Understanding for-profit college and community college choice through rational choice. Teachers College Record, (116), 1–34.
   Google Scholar
• Khurana, R. (2007). From higher aims to hired hands: The social transformation of American business schools and the unfulfilled promise of management as a profession. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kilman, S. (1987, May 19). Bell & Howell Co. is planning to sell its stake in DeVry. Wall Street Journal, p. 6.
   Google Scholar
• Kinser, K. (2006). From Main Street to Wall Street: The transformation of for-profit higher education (ASHE higher education report). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Levy, D. C. (2006). How private higher education's growth challenges the new institutionalism. In H. Meyer & B. Rowan (Eds.), The new institutionalism in education (pp. 143–162). Albany: State University of New York Press.
   Google Scholar
• Marvin, C. H. (1922). Commercial education in secondary schools. New York: H. Holt and company.
   Google Scholar
• Meyer, H., & Rowan, B. (2006). Institutional analysis and the study of education. In H. Meyer and B. Rowan (Eds.), The new institutionalism in education (pp. 1–14). Albany: State University of New York Press.
   Google Scholar
• Meyer, J., & Rowan, B. (1977). Institutionalized organizations: Formal structure as myth and ceremony. American Journal of Sociology, 83(2), 340–363.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, J. W., & Hamilton, W. J. (1964). The independent business school in American education. New York: Gregg Division, McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Noffsinger, J. S. (1950). Business schools in the United States. Washington, DC: National Association & Council of Business Schools.
   Google Scholar
• Pfeffer, J., & Fong, C. T. (2002). The end of business schools? Less success than meets the eye. Academy of Management Learning and Education, 1(1), 78–95.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Podolny, J. M. (2005). Status signals: A sociological study of market competition. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Pontikes, E. G. (2012). Two sides of the same coin: How ambiguous classification affects multiple audiences' evaluations. Administrative Science Quarterly 57(1), 81–118.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rytina, N. F., & Bianchi, S. M. (1984, March). Occupational reclassification and changes in distribution by gender. Monthly Labor Review, pp. 11–17.
   Google Scholar
• Sass, S. A. (1982). The pragmatic imagination: A history of the Wharton School, 1881–1981. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
   Google Scholar
• Silva, C. (1985, August). College sets up business program. The Prescott Daily Courier, p. 1.
   Google Scholar
• Snyder, T. D., & Dillow, S. A. (2013). Digest of education statistics. Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education.
   Google Scholar
• Spencer, L. (1991, May 27). Good school story. Forbes Magazine. 304–306
   Google Scholar
• Sperling, J. (2000). Rebel with a cause: The entrepreneur who created the UOP and the for-profit revolution in higher education. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Statement of Richard Fulton. Hearing before the special subcommittee on education of the committee on education and labor, House of Representatives, 91st Cong. 912 (1970). Retrieved from http://congressional.proquest.com/congressional
   Google Scholar
• Toossi, M. (2005, November). Labor force projections to 2014: Retiring boomers. Monthly Labor Review, pp. 25–44.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Census Bureau. (1952, 1962, 1972, 1982, 1992). Statistical Abstracts of the United States. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Department of Education. Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics. (2014). Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System. Retrieved from http://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Government Accountability Office. (2011). For-profit schools: Experiences of undercover students enrolled online. (GAO-12–150). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Senate. Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee. (2012). For profit higher education: The failure to safeguard the federal investment and ensure student success. (S. Prt. 112–37, Volumes 1–4). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
   Google Scholar
• Zhao, C. M. (2011). Updated Carnegie classifications show an increase in for-profits: Change in traditional landscape. Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. Retrieved from http://www.carnegiefoundation.org/newsroom/press-releases/updated-carnegie-classifications
   Google Scholar