References
- Accreditation Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine. (2012, February). ACAOM reports enrollment and graduation numbers. Greenway, MD: Author.
- Accreditation Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine. (2013, Fall). ACAOM reports institution student census. Newsletter, p. 6.
- Acemoglu, D. (1999). Lecture notes for graduate labor economics, 14.662. Retrieved from http://homes.chass.utoronto.ca/~siow/2801/acemoglu_labor_notes.pdf
- American Association of Colleges of Nursing. (2012). Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) programs: Frequently asked questions. Retrieved from http://www.aacn.nche.edu/DNP/dnpfaq.htm
- American Association of Colleges of Nursing. (2015, June 6). Fact sheet: The Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP). Retrieved from http://www.aacn.nche.edu/media-relations/fact-sheets/DNPFactSheet.pdf
- American Association of Nurse Practitioners. (n.d.). Discussion paper: Doctor of Nursing Practice. Retrieved from http://www.aanp.org/images/documents/publications/doctorofnursingpractice.pdf
- American Occupational Therapy Association. (2014a). Academic programs annual data report: Academic year 2013–14. Bethesda, MD: Author.
- American Occupational Therapy Association. (2014b). AOTA Board of Directors position statement on entry-level degree for the occupational therapist. Retrieved from http://www.aota.org/AboutAOTA/Get-Involved/BOD/OTD-Statement.aspx
- American Occupational Therapy Association. (2015). Find a school. Retrieved from http://www.aota.org/Education-Careers/Find-School.aspx
- American Physical Therapy Association. (2000). Vision 2020. Retrieved from http://www.apta.org/Vision2020
- American Physical Therapy Association. (2005). Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) degree frequently asked questions. Retrieved from http://www.apta.org/Education/dpt/dpt_faq
- American Physical Therapy Association. (2010). 2009–10 report on post-professional DPT (transition) programs. Retrieved from http://www.apta.org/uploadedFiles/ReportonPostProfessionalDPT_20092010.pdf#search=%22post%20professional%20degree%22
- American Physical Therapy Association. (2013). FAQ: Postprofessional DPT (transition). Retrieved from http://www.apta.org/PostprofessionalDegree/TransitionDPTFAQs
- American Physical Therapy Association. (2014). Student loan repayment and debt management. Retrieved from http://www.apta.org/DebtManagement
- American Physical Therapy Association. (2015). Direct access at the state level. Retrieved from http://www.apta.org/StateIssues/DirectAccess
- Auerbach, D. I., Martsolf, G., Pearson, M. L., Taylor, E. A., Zaydman, M., Muchow, A., … Dower, C. (2014). The DNP by 2015: A study of the institutional, political, and professional issues that facilitate or impede establishing a post-baccalaureate Doctor of Nursing Practice program. Santa Monica, CA: RAND.
- Beck, D. L. (2011, April 27). Distance education in audiology: Interview with Tabitha Parent Buck, AuD. Reston, VA: American Academy of Audiology. Retrieved from http://www.audiology.org/news/distance-education-audiology-interview-tabitha-parent-buck-aud
- Becker, G. S. (1964). Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis with special reference to education. New York, NY: National Bureau of Economic Research.
- Bills, D. B. (2003). Credentials, signals, and screens: Explaining the relationship between schooling and job assignment. Review of Educational Research, 73, 441–449. doi:10.3102/00346543073004441
- Bollag, B. (2007, June 22). Credential creep. Chronicle of Higher Education, A10.
- Brown, D. K. (2001). The social sources of educational credentialism: Status cultures, labor markets, and organizations. Sociology of Education, 74(extra issue), 19–34. doi:10.2307/2673251
- Collins, R. (1979). The credential society: An historical sociology of education and stratification. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
- Collins, R. (2002). Credential inflation and the future of universities. In S. Brint (Ed.), The future of the city of intellect: The changing American university (pp. 23–46). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
- Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education. (2000). 2000 fact sheet: Physical therapist education programs. Retrieved from http://www.capteonline.org/uploadedFiles/CAPTEorg/About_CAPTE/Resources/Aggregate_Program_Data/Archived_Aggregate_Program_Data/CAPTEPTAggregateData_2001.pdf
- Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education. (2010). 2009–2010 fact sheet: Physical therapist education programs. Retrieved from http://www.capteonline.org/uploadedFiles/CAPTEorg/About_CAPTE/Resources/Aggregate_Program_Data/Archived_Aggregate_Program_Data/CAPTEPTAggregateData_2010.pdf
- Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education. (2015). 2014–15 fact sheet: Physical therapist education programs. Retrieved from http://www.capteonline.org/uploadedFiles/CAPTEorg/About_CAPTE/Resources/Aggregate_Program_Data/Archived_Aggregate_Program_Data/CAPTEPTAggregateData_2015.pdf
- Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education. (2010, February 23). MSN letter. Retrieved from http://www.aacn.nche.edu/ccne-accreditation/MSNletter.pdf
- Congressional Budget Office. (2014). Updated estimates of the insurance coverage provisions of the Affordable Care Act. Retrieved from http://www.cbo.gov/sites/default/files/cbofiles/attachments/45010-breakout-AppendixB.pdf
- CostHelper. (2014). Audiology school cost. Retrieved from http://education.costhelper.com/audiology-programs.html
- Council of Academic Programs in Communication Sciences and Disorders. (2002). 2000–01 demographic survey of undergraduate and graduate programs in communication sciences and disorders. Minneapolis, MN: Author.
- Council of Academic Programs in Communication Sciences and Disorders. (2015). CSD education survey national aggregate data report: 2013–14 academic year. Rockville, MD: Author.
- Council of Graduate Schools. (2007). CGS task force report on the professional doctorate. Washington, DC: Author.
- Deephouse, D. L. (1999). To be different, or to be the same? It’s a question (and theory) of strategic balance. Strategic Management Journal, 20, 147–166. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1097-0266
- DiMaggio, P. J., & Powell, W. W. (1983). The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. American Sociological Review, 48, 147–160. doi:10.2307/2095101
- Dorsey, L. L. (2006). Doctoral education in physical therapy: Degree creep or professional advancement to address market demands? ( Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
- Engelmann, L. (2006). Doctor of Audiology (Au.D.): A view from the past, present and future. Feedback: The Official Publication of the Academy of Dispensing Audiologists, 17(1), 17–21.
- Flexner, A. (1910). Medical education in the United States and Canada. New York, NY: Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.
- Frantz, R. A. (2014, January). Reflections on the future of doctoral programs in nursing: DNP. Paper presented at the American Association of Colleges of Nursing Doctoral Education Conference, Naples, FL.
- Gies, W. J. (1926). Dental education in the United States and Canada. New York, NY: Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.
- Glazer-Raymo, J. (2005). Professionalizing graduate education: The master’s degree in the marketplace ( ASHE Higher Education Report). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
- Goldstein, D. P. (1989, April). AuD degree: The doctoring degree in audiology. Asha, 31(4)33–35.
- Graddy, E. (1991). Interest groups or the public interest—Why do we regulate health occupations? Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law, 16, 25–49. doi:10.1215/03616878-16-1-25
- Harvard Business School. (n.d.). Institutional memory. Retrieved from http://institutionalmemory.hbs.edu/topic/doctoral_program.html
- Hosford-Dunn, M. (2013, June 11). Transitional AuD—the good ol’ days. Hearing Health & Technology Matters. Retrieved from http://hearinghealthmatters.org/hearingeconomics/2013/transitional-aud-the-good-ole-days
- Hoyman, M., & Faricy, C. (2009). It takes a village: A test of the creative class, social capital, and human capital theories. Urban Affairs Review, 44, 311–333. doi:10.1177/1078087408321496
- Huang, L. (2012). Acupuncture and Oriental medicine in the United States. Paper presented at the Second International Congress of Chinese Medicine, Paris, 2005 (revised 2012).
- Institute of Medicine. (2011). The future of nursing: Leading change, advancing health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
- Kraatz, M. S., & Zajac, E. J. (1996). Exploring the limits of the new institutionalism: The causes and consequences of illegitimate organizational change. American Sociological Review, 61, 812–836. doi:10.2307/2096455
- Lester, S. (2004). Conceptualizing the practitioner doctorate. Studies in Higher Education, 29, 757–770. doi:10.1080/0307507042000287249
- Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Newberry Park, CA: Sage.
- Lowder, K. L., Paarlberg, S. B., & Harding, T. A. (2006). Au.D. history: Supreme Court decision sets stage for audiology private practice. Feedback: The Official Publication of the Academy of Dispensing Audiologists, 17(1), 8–10.
- Morphew, C. C. (2009). Conceptualizing change in the institutional diversity of U.S. colleges and universities. The Journal of Higher Education, 80, 243–269. doi:10.1353/jhe.0.0047
- National Academy of Sciences, Committee on Prospering in the Global Economy of the 21st Century. (2007). Rising above the gathering storm: Energizing and employing America for a brighter economic future. Washington, DC: Author.
- National Science Board. (2010). Preparing the next generation of STEM innovators: Identifying and developing our nation’s human capital ( NSB 10-33). Arlington, VA: National Science Foundation.
- Perry, D. (2012). How did lawyers become ‘doctors’? New York State Bar Journal, 84(5), 20–24.
- Peterson, D. R. (2003). Unintended consequences: Ventures and misadventures in the education of professional psychologists. American Psychologist, 58, 791–800. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.58.10.791
- Pierce, D., & Peyton, C. (1999). A historical cross-disciplinary perspective on the professional doctorate in occupational therapy. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 53, 64–71. doi:10.5014/ajot.53.1.64
- Savage, D. A. (1994). The professions in theory and history: The case of pharmacy. Business and Economic History, 23, 129–160.
- Spurr, S. H. (1970). Academic degree structures: Innovative approaches. New York, NY: Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.
- Udlis, K. A., & Mancuso, J. M. (2012). Doctor of Nursing Practice programs across the United States: A benchmark of information. Part I: Program characteristics. Journal of Professional Nursing, 28, 265–273. doi:10.1016/j.profnurs.2012.01.003
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor. (2014). Occupational outlook handbook (2014–15 ed.). Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/ooh
- U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor. (2015). Employment projections: Table 1.10. Employment change, replacement needs, and job openings projected 2012-2022. Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/emp/ep_table_110.htm
- U.S. Department of Education. (2014). IPEDS Glossary. Retrieved from http://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/glossary/?charindex=D
- Walters, D. (2004). The relationship between postsecondary education and skill: Comparing credentialism with human capital theory. Canadian Journal of Higher Education, 34(2), 97–124.
- Weber, M. (1968). Economy and society: An outline of interpretive sociology. New York, NY: Bedminster Press. ( Original work published 1922)
- Yin, R. K. (2009). Case study research: Design and methods (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Zelmanowitz, J. (2005). Meeting the needs for doctoral training in the field of audiology for California. Oakland, CA: University of California Office of the President.