407
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Advancing a Framework of Racialized Administrative Burdens in Higher Education Policy

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon &
Received 15 Dec 2022, Accepted 21 Aug 2023, Published online: 06 Sep 2023

References

  • Anderson, C. (2016). White rage: The unspoken truth of our racial divide. Bloomsbury Publishing USA.
  • Baekgaard, M., Herd, P., & Moynihan, D. P. (2022). Of ‘Welfare Queens’ and ‘Poor Carinas’: Social constructions, deservingness messaging and the mental health of welfare clients. British Journal of Political Science, 53(2), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1017/S000712342200031X
  • Baekgaard, M., Mikkelsen, K. S., Madsen, J. K., & Christensen, J. (2021). Reducing compliance demands in government benefit programs improves the psychological well-being of target group members. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 31(4), 806–821. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muab011
  • Baekgaard, M., & Tankink, T. (2022). Administrative burden: Untangling a bowl of conceptual spaghetti. Perspectives on Public Management and Governance, 5(1), 16–21. https://doi.org/10.1093/ppmgov/gvab027
  • Baker, D. J. (2019). Pathways to racial equity in higher education: Modeling the antecedents of state affirmative action bans. American Educational Research Journal, 56(5), 1861–1895. https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831219833918
  • Barber, P. H., Hayes, T. B., Johnson, T. L., Márquez-Magaña, L., & 10,234 signatories. (2020). Systemic racism in higher education. Science, 369(6510), 1440–1441.
  • Barnes, C. Y. (2021). “It takes a while to get used to”: The costs of redeeming public benefits. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 31(2), 295–310. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muaa042
  • Barnes, C. L., & Gennetian, L. A. (2021). Experiences of Hispanic families with social services in the racially segregated southeast: Views from administrators and workers in North Carolina. Race and Social Problems, 13(1), 6–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12552-021-09318-3
  • Barnes, C., & Riel, V. (2022). “I don’t know nothing about that:” How “learning costs” undermine COVID-related efforts to make SNAP and WIC more accessible. Administration & Society, 54(10), 1902–1930. https://doi.org/10.1177/00953997211073948
  • Barrett, N., McEachin, A., Mills, J. N., & Valant, J. (2021). Disparities and discrimination in student discipline by race and family income. The Journal of Human Resources, 56(3), 711–748. https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.56.3.0118-9267R2
  • Bell, E. (2021). Deserving to whom? Investigating heterogeneity in the impact of social constructions of target populations on support for affirmative action. Policy Studies Journal, 49(1), 268–299. https://doi.org/10.1111/psj.12347
  • Bell, E., & Gándara, D. (2021). Can free community college close racial disparities in postsecondary attainment? How Tulsa Achieves affects racially minoritized student outcomes. American Educational Research Journal, 58(6), 1142–1177. https://doi.org/10.3102/00028312211003501
  • Bell, E., Ter‐Mkrtchyan, A., Wehde, W., & Smith, K. (2021). Just or unjust? How ideological beliefs shape street‐level bureaucrats’ perceptions of administrative burden. Public Administration Review, 81(4), 610–624. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13311
  • Benitez, M., Jr. (2010). Resituating culture centers within a social justice framework: Is there room for examining whiteness? In L. D. Patton (Ed.), Culture centers in higher education: Perspectives on identity, theory, and practice (pp. 119–134). Stylus.
  • Bensimon, E. (2020). The case for an anti-racist stance toward paying off higher education’s racial debt. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning, 52(2), 7–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/00091383.2020.1732752
  • Bensimon, E. M., & Dowd, A. (2009). Dimensions of the transfer choice gap: Experiences of Latina and Latino students who navigated transfer pathways. Harvard Educational Review, 79(4), 632–658. https://doi.org/10.17763/haer.79.4.05w66u23662k1444
  • Berman, E. P. (2022). Thinking like an economist: How efficiency replaced equality in U.S. public policy. Princeton University Press.
  • Bonilla-Silva, E. (2018). Racism without racists: Color-blind racism and the persistence of inequality in the United States (5th ed.). Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Bradbury, A. (2020). A critical race theory framework for education policy analysis: The case of bilingual learners and assessment policy in England. Race, Ethnicity & Education, 23(2), 241–260. https://doi.org/10.1080/13613324.2019.1599338
  • Brayboy, B. M. J., & Lomawaima, K. T. (2018). Why don’t more Indians do better in school? The battle between U.S. schooling & American Indian/Alaska native education. Daedalus, 147(2), 82–94. https://doi.org/10.1162/DAED_a_00492
  • Byrd, D. (2022). How diversity fails: An empirical investigation of organizational status and policy implementation on three public campuses. Education Sciences, 12(3), 211. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12030211
  • Cai, J. (2020, December 1). The condition of native American students: This significant minority student group continues to struggle. National School Boards Association. https://www.nsba.org:443/ASBJ/2020/December/condition-native-american-students
  • Campbell, S. D., Carter-Sowell, A. R., & Battle, J. S. (2019). Campus climate comparisons in academic pursuits: How race still matters for African American college students. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 22(3), 390–402. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430218823065
  • Campbell, J. W., Pandey, S. K., & Arnesen, L. (2022). The ontology, origin, and impact of divisive public sector rules: A meta‐narrative review of the red tape and administrative burden literatures. Public Administration Review. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1111/PUAR.13527
  • Chase, M. M., Dowd, A. C., Pazich, L. B., & Bensimon, E. M. (2014). Transfer equity for “minoritized” students: A critical policy analysis of seven states. Educational Policy, 28(5), 669–717. https://doi.org/10.1177/0895904812468227
  • Ching, C. D., Felix, E. R., Castro, M. C., & Trinidad, A. (2018). Achieving racial equity from the bottom up? The student equity policy in the California community colleges. Education Policy, 34(6), 819–863. https://doi.org/10.1177/0895904818802092
  • Chin, M. J., Quinn, D. M., Dhaliwal, T. K., & Lovison, V. S. (2020). Bias in the air: A nationwide exploration of teachers’ implicit racial attitudes, aggregate bias, and student outcomes. Educational Researcher, 49(8), 566–578. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X20937240
  • Christensen, J., Aarøe, L., Baekgaard, M., Herd, P., & Moynihan, D. P. (2020). Human capital and administrative burden: The role of cognitive resources in citizen-state interactions. Public Administration Review, 80(1), 127-136.
  • Clotfelter, C. T., Ladd, H. F., Clifton, C. R., & Turaeva, M. R. (2021). School segregation at the classroom level in a southern “new destination” state (Working Paper No. 230-0220-3). National Center for Analysis of Longitudinal Data in Education Research. https://caldercenter.org/sites/default/files/WP%20230-0220-3.pdf
  • Coates, T. (2015). Between the world and me. Spiegel & Grau.
  • Colby, G., & Fowler, C. (2020, December). Data snapshot: IPEDS data on full-time women faculty and faculty of color. American Association of University Professors. https://www.aaup.org/sites/default/files/Dec-2020_Data_Snapshot_Women_and_Faculty_of_Color.pdf
  • Collier, D., & Fitzpatrick, D. (2022). Jubilee and jubilation: An examination of the relationship between public service loan forgiveness and measures of well-being. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4288699
  • Collier, D. A., & Parnther, C. (2021). Conversing with Kalamazoo promise scholars: An inquiry into the beliefs, motivations, and experiences of tuition-free college students. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice, 22(4), 572–596. https://doi.org/10.1177/1521025118774561
  • Cooper, B. (2016). The racial politics of time. Ideas Worth Spreading. https://time-issues.org/cooper-the-racial-politics-of-time/
  • Crisp, G., & Nora, A. (2010). Hispanic student success: Factors influencing the persistence and transfer decisions of Latino community college students enrolled in developmental education. Research in Higher Education, 51(2), 175–194. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-009-9151-x
  • Deil-Amen, R., & Tevis, T. L. (2010). Circumscribed agency: The relevance of standardized college entrance exams for low SES high school students. The Review of Higher Education, 33(2), 141–175. https://doi.org/10.1353/rhe.0.0125
  • Delgado, R. (1995). Critical race theory: The cutting edge. Temple University Press.
  • Diamond, J. B., Randolph, A., & Spillane, J. P. (2004). Teachers’ expectations and sense of responsibility for student learning: The importance of race, class, and organizational habitus. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 35(1), 75–98. https://doi.org/10.1525/AEQ.2004.35.1.75
  • Diaz, S. M. (2021, March). The stress and mental and emotional health of undocumented students (Ethnic Studies Research Paper). California State University. https://digitalcommons.csumb.edu/esa_submissions/10
  • Diaz-Strong, D. X. (2021). “She did not find one that was for me”: The college pathways of the Mexican and Central American undocumented 1.25 generation. Harvard Educational Review, 91(1), 83–108. https://doi.org/10.17763/1943-5045-91.1.83
  • Douglas-Gabriel, D., & Harden, J. D. (2021, February 7). To protect taxpayer dollars, the education Department Is disproportionately auditing Black and Latino college students. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2021/02/07/fafsa-verification-black-latino-college-aid
  • Du Bois, W. E. B. (2008). The souls of black folk ( B.H. Edwards, Ed.). Oxford University Press.
  • Dynarski, S., Page, L. C., & Scott-Clayton, J. (2022, July). College costs, financial aid, and student decisions (Working Paper No. 30275). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w30275
  • Dynarski, S. M., & Scott-Clayton, J. E. (2006). The cost of complexity in federal student aid: Lessons from optimal tax theory and behavioral economics (Working Paper No. 12227). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w12227
  • Edlagan, C., & Vaghul, K. (2016, December 14). How data disaggregation matters for Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders. Washington Center for Equitable Growth. https://equitablegrowth.org/how-data-disaggregation-matters-for-asian-americans-and-pacific-islanders/
  • Everett, A., Rosinger, K., Baker, D. J., Kim, H. J., Kelchen, R., & Ortagus, J. (n.d.). Tennessee’s burden: How students apply for state financial aid within one southern state. InformEd States Higher Education Policy Initiative Working Paper. Retrieved May 25, 2023, from https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5d9f9fae6a122515ee074363/t/63eab6bfcb08812d2c3d93e2/1676326592566/ISPaper_TNAdminBurden.pdf
  • Felix, E. R. (2021). Improving racial equity in community college: Developing a plan, implementing the vision. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 43(3), 419–444. https://doi.org/10.3102/0162373721996729
  • Felix, E. R. (2022, October 3). Implementation of equity-oriented change and organizational commitment [ Google Doc]. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1D0vOvpB4xzil1APlZlrwHg6qGKwS8md9-T5D3PvCibs/view#
  • Felix, E. R., Jones, S. M., & Gándara, D. (2022, November 18). “All students matter”: The place of race in discourse on student debt in a federal higher education policymaking process[Paper presentation]. 47th Annual Conference of the Association for the Study of Higher Education, Las Vegas, NV.
  • Felix, E. R., & Trinidad, A. (2020). The decentralization of race: Tracing the dilution of racial equity in educational policy. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 33(4), 465–490. https://doi.org/10.1080/09518398.2019.1681538
  • Fields, V. L., Sebree, W., & Sober, W. (2022). Navigating an anti-Black campus climate: #black@pwi. Race, Ethnicity & Education. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/13613324.2022.2088720
  • Flores, S. M., Lyons, S. M., Carroll, T., & Zapata, D. (2022). Race, place, and citizenship: The influence of segregation on Latino educational attainment. Minnesota Journal of Law and Inequality, 40(1), 69–97. https://doi.org/10.24926/25730037.639
  • Freire, P. (2000). Pedagogy of the oppressed (30th anniversary ed.). Continuum.
  • Gándara, P. C., & Contreras, F. (2009). The Latino education crisis: The consequences of failed social policies. Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.4159/9780674056367
  • Gándara, D., & Jones, S. (2020). Who deserves benefits in higher education? A policy discourse analysis of a process surrounding reauthorization of the higher education act. The Review of Higher Education, 44(1), 121–157. https://doi.org/10.1353/rhe.2020.0037
  • Gándara, D., Rippner, J. A., & Ness, E. C. (2017). Exploring the “how” in policy diffusion: National intermediary organizations’ roles in facilitating the spread of performance-based funding policies in the states. The Journal of Higher Education, 88(5), 701–725. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.2016.1272089
  • Garces, L. M., & Poon, O. (2018, October 31). Asian AmericaNs and race-conscious admissions: Understanding the conservative opposition’s strategy of misinformation, intimidation & racial division. The Civil Rights Project. https://www.civilrightsproject.ucla.edu/research/college-access/affirmative-action/asian-americans-and-race-conscious-admissions-understanding-the-conservative-opposition2019s-strategy-of-misinformation-intimidation-racial-division
  • García, O., & Torres-Guevara, R. (2021). Monoglossic language education policies and Latinx students’ language. In E. G. Murillo Jr., D. D. Bernal, S. Morales, L. Urrieta, E. R. Bybee, J. S. Muñoz, V. B. Sáenz, D. Villanueva, M. Machado-Casas, & K. Espinoza (Eds.), Handbook of Latinos and education: Theory, research, and practice (2nd ed., pp. 93–102). Routledge.
  • Gast, M. J. (2022). Reconceptualizing college knowledge: Class, race, and Black students in a college-counseling field. Sociology of Education, 95(1), 43–60. https://doi.org/10.1177/00380407211046053
  • Gillborn, D. (2005). Education policy as an act of White supremacy: Whiteness, critical race theory and education reform. Journal of Education Policy, 20(4), 485–505. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680930500132346
  • Goldrick-Rab, S., Kelchen, R., Harris, D. N., & Benson, J. (2016). Reducing income inequality in educational attainment: Experimental evidence on the impact of financial aid on college completion. American Journal of Sociology, 121(6), 1762–1817. https://doi.org/10.1086/685442
  • Graves, D. L. (2022, July). Latinx community college students experiencing financial aid income verification: A critical race analysis (EdWorking Paper No. 22-599). Annenberg Institute at Brown University. https://doi.org/10.26300/e1sv-2k92
  • Grissom, J. A., & Redding, C. (2016). Discretion and disproportionality: Explaining the underrepresentation of high-achieving students of color in gifted programs. AERA Open, 2(1), 233285841562217. https://doi.org/10.1177/2332858415622175
  • Gusa, D. L. (2010). White institutional presence: The impact of whiteness on campus climate. Harvard Educational Review, 80(4), 464–490. https://doi.org/10.17763/haer.80.4.p5j483825u110002
  • Guzman-Alvarez, A., & Page, L. C. (2021). Disproportionate burden: Estimating the cost of FAFSA verification for public colleges and universities. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 43(3), 545–551. https://doi.org/10.3102/01623737211001420
  • Hagerman, M. A. (2018). White kids: Growing up with privilege in a racially divided America. New York University Press.
  • Hancock, A. M. (2004). The politics of disgust: The public identity of the welfare queen. NYU Press.
  • Harper, S. R. (2006). Black male students at public flagship universities in the U.S.: Status, trends, and implications for policy and practice. The Joint Center Health Policy Institute. https://www.nationalcollaborative.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Black-Male-Students-at-Public-Flagship.pdf
  • Harper, S. R., Patton, L. D., & Wooden, O. S. (2009). Access and equity for African American students in higher education: A critical race historical analysis of policy efforts. The Journal of Higher Education (Columbus), 80(4), 389–414. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.2009.11779022
  • Hearn, J. C., & Ness, E. C. (2018). The ecology of state higher-education policymaking in the US. In D. Palfreyman, T. Tapper, & S. Thomas (Eds.), Towards the private funding of higher education: Ideological and political struggles (pp. 19–47). Routledge.
  • Herd, P., & Moynihan, D. P. (2018). Administrative burden: Policymaking by other means. Russell Sage Foundation. https://doi.org/10.7758/9781610448789
  • Hout, M. (2012). Social and economic returns to college education in the United States. Annual Review of Sociology, 38(1), 379–400. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.012809.102503
  • Howlett, M. (2014). From the ‘old’to the ‘new’policy design: Design thinking beyond markets and collaborative governance. Policy Sciences, 47(3), 187–207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11077-014-9199-0
  • Howlett, M., & Lejano, R. P. (2012). Tales from the crypt: The rise and fall (and rebirth?) of policy design. Administration & Society, 45(3), 357–381. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399712459725
  • Hypolite, L. I., & Tichavakunda, A. A. (2019). Experiencing financial aid at a historically White institution: A critical race analysis. Journal of Student Financial Aid, 49(1), Article 5. https://doi.org/10.55504/0884-9153.1696
  • Institute for Higher Education Policy. (2022, January). “Opening the promise”: The five principles of equitable policymaking. https://doi.org/10.2307/2673270
  • Iverson, S. V. (2007). Camouflaging power and privilege: A critical race analysis of university diversity policies. Educational Administration Quarterly, 43(5), 586–611. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X07307794
  • Jabbar, H., Daramola, E. J., Marsh, J. A., Enoch-Stevens, T., Alonso, J., & Allbright, T. N. (2022). Social construction is racial construction: Examining the target populations in school-choice policies. American Journal of Education, 128(3), 487–518. https://doi.org/10.1086/719159
  • Jones, S. M. (2023). Lifting the veil: Utilizing critical qualitative inquiry to demystify the public policymaking process. Qualitative Inquiry, 10778004231163161. https://doi.org/10.1177/10778004231163161
  • Kingdon, J. W. (1984). Agendas, alternatives, and public policies. Little, Brown and Company.
  • Klain, H., Morris, K., Feldman, M., & Ayala, R. (2020). Waiting to vote: Racial disparities in election day experiences. Brennan Center for Justice. file:///Users/johnbellquist/Downloads/6_02_WaitingtoVote_FINAL.pdf
  • Klasik, D. (2013). The ACT of enrollment: The college enrollment effects of state-required college entrance exam testing. Educational Researcher, 42(3), 151–160. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X12474065
  • Kofoed, M. S. (2017). To apply or not to apply: FAFSA completion and financial aid gaps. Research in Higher Education, 58(1), 1–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-016-9418-y
  • Lee, J. C., Dell, M., González Canché, M. S., Monday, A., & Klafehn, A. (2021). The hidden costs of corroboration: Estimating the effects of financial aid verification on college enrollment. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 43(2), 233–252. https://doi.org/10.3102/0162373721989304
  • Leonardo, Z. (2009). Race, whiteness, and education. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203880371
  • Lopez, J. D. (2018). Factors influencing American Indian and Alaska native postsecondary persistence: AI/AN millennium falcon persistence model. Research in Higher Education, 59(6), 792–811. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-017-9487-6
  • Madsen, J. K., & Mikkelsen, K. S. (2022). How salient administrative burden affects job seekers’ locus of control and responsibility attribution: Evidence from a survey experiment. International Public Management Journal, 25(2), 241–260. https://doi.org/10.1080/10967494.2021.1951905
  • Ma, J., Pender, M., & Welch, M. (2016). Education pays 2016: The benefits of higher education for individuals and society. The College Board. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED572548.pdf
  • Maramba, D. C. (2011). The importance of critically disaggregating data: The case of southeast Asian American college students. AAPI Nexus Journal: Policy, Practice, and Community, 9(1–2), 127–133. https://doi.org/10.36650/nexus9.1-2_127-133_Maramba
  • Martínez Alemán, A. M. (2020). Reclaiming the moral case for educational equity. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning, 52(2), 95–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/00091383.2020.1732797
  • McCoy-Simmons, C., Orphan, C. M., & Gándara, D. (2022). Intermediary public policy organizations and the discursive evasion of systemic racism and racialized violence. Educational Policy. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1177/08959048221120279
  • McKinney, L., & Novak, H. (2015). FAFSA filing among first-year college students: Who files on time, who doesn’t, and why does it matter? Research in Higher Education, 56(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-014-9340-0
  • Medin, D., & Ortony, A. (1989). Psychological essentialism. In S. Vosniadou & A. Ortony (Eds.), Similarity and analogical reasoning (pp. 179–195). Cambridge University Press.
  • Michener, J. (2022, January 20). A racial equity framework for assessing health policy [Issue brief]. The Commonwealth Fund. https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/issue-briefs/2022/jan/racial-equity-framework-assessing-health-policy
  • Miller, C., & Stassun, K. (2014). A test that fails. Nature, 510(7504), 303–304. https://doi.org/10.1038/nj7504-303a
  • Moynihan, D., Giannella, E., Herd, P., & Sutherland, J. (2022). Matching to categories: Learning and compliance costs in administrative processes. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 32(4), 750–764. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muac002
  • Mungo, M. H., & Klonowski, M. (2022). When free ain’t really free: The hidden barriers of the free application for federal student aid. Midwest Social Sciences Journal, 25(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.22543/0796.251.1064
  • Murakami, K. (2020, September 18). A last push for simplicity. Inside Higher Ed. https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2020/09/18/alexander-prepares-leave-final-push-simplify-fafsa
  • Museus, S. D., & Park, J. J. (2015). The continuing significance of racism in the lives of Asian American college students. Journal of College Student Development, 56(6), 551–569. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2015.0059
  • National Center for Education Statistics. (2022, May). Price of attending an undergraduate institution. https://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator/cua
  • National Congress of American Indians. (2015). Fiscal year 2016 Indian country budget request: Promoting self-determination, modernizing the trust relationship. http://www.ncai.org/policy-issues/tribal-governance/budget-and-approprations/FY2016_NCAI_Budget_Booklet.pdf
  • Nguyen, B. M. D., Noguera, P., Adkins, N., & Teranishi, R. T. (2019). Ethnic discipline gap: Unseen dimensions of racial disproportionality in school discipline. American Educational Research Journal, 56(5), 1973–2003. https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831219833919
  • Nichols, A. H. (2020, July 21). Segregation forever? The continued underrepresentation of black and latino undergraduates at the nation’s 101 most selective public colleges and universities. The Education Trust. https://edtrust.org/resource/segregation-forever
  • Nienhusser, H. K. (2018). Higher education institutional agents as policy implementers: The case of policies that affect undocumented and DACAmented students. The Review of Higher Education, 41(3), 423–453. https://doi.org/10.1353/rhe.2018.0014
  • Omi, M., & Winant, H. (2015). Racial formation in the United States (3rd ed.). Routledge.
  • Orphan, C. M., Gildersleeve, R. E., & Mills, A. P. (2020). State of rhetoric: Neoliberal discourses for education in state of the state addresses and gubernatorial press releases. Journal of Education Policy, 35(4), 394–420. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2018.1509376
  • Owens, J. (2022). Double jeopardy: Teacher biases, racialized organizations, and the production of racial/ethnic disparities in school discipline. American Sociological Review, 87(6), 1007–1048. https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224221135810
  • Page, L. C., Castleman, B. L., & Meyer, K. (2020). Customized nudging to improve FAFSA completion and income verification. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 42(1), 3–21. https://doi.org/10.3102/0162373719876916
  • Pallais, A. (2015). Small differences that matter: Mistakes in applying to college. Journal of Labor Economics, 33(2), 493–520. https://doi.org/10.1086/678520
  • Palmer, J. D., & Jang, E.-Y. (2005). Korean born, Korean-American high school students’ entry into understanding race and racism through social interactions and conversations. Race, Ethnicity & Education, 8(3), 297–317. https://doi.org/10.1080/13613320500174432
  • Patton, L. D. (2016). Disrupting postsecondary prose: Toward a critical race theory of higher education. Urban Education (Beverly Hills, Calif), 51(3), 315–342. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042085915602542
  • Ramos, J., Rodin, J., Preuss, M., Sosa, E., Dorsett, C., & Burleson, C. (2021). Work patterns and financing college: A descriptive regional report regarding students at Hispanic-serving institutions in New Mexico and Texas. International Journal on Social and Education Sciences, 3(1), 1–31. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijonses.60
  • Ray, V. (2019). A theory of racialized organizations. American Sociological Review, 84(1), 26–53. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122418822335
  • Ray, V., Herd, P., & Moynihan, D. (2023). Racialized burdens: Applying racialized organization theory to the administrative state. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muac001
  • Rodriguez, A., Dean, K. C., & Davis, C. H. F., III. (2021). Towards a framework of racialized policymaking in higher education. In L. W. Perna (Ed.), Higher education: Handbook of theory and research (pp. 47–59). Springer Nature.
  • Rosinger, K. O., Ford, K. S., & Choi, J. (2021). The role of selective college admissions criteria in interrupting or reproducing racial and economic inequities. The Journal of Higher Education, 92(1), 31–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.2020.1795504
  • Rubin, P. G., & Hearn, J. C. (2018). The policy filtering process: Understanding distinctive state responses to the national college completion agenda in the United States. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 26, Article 60. https://doi.org/10.14507/epaa.26.3447
  • Schneider, A., & Ingram, H. (1993). Social construction of target populations: Implications for politics and policy. The American Political Science Review, 87(2), 334–347. https://doi.org/10.2307/2939044
  • Schneider, A. L., & Ingram, H. M. (1997). Policy design for democracy. University Press of Kansas.
  • Schudde, L., & Scott-Clayton, J. (2016). Pell grants as performance-based scholarships? An examination of satisfactory academic progress requirements in the nation’s largest need-based aid program. Research in Higher Education, 57(8), 943–967. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-016-9413-3
  • Shapiro, D., Dundar, A., Huie, F., Wakhungu, P. K., Yuan, X., Nathan, A., & Hwang, Y. (2017, April). A national view of student attainment rates by race and ethnicity–Fall 2010 cohort (Signature Rep. No. 12b). National Clearinghouse Research Center. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED580302.pdf
  • Slay, K. E., & Glasener, K. M. (2022). Beyond admissions: Advancing equity and success for high achieving, low-income students through an institutional promise program. In O. A. Poon & M. N. Bastedo (Eds.), Rethinking college admissions: Research-based practice and policy (pp. 94–103). Lightning Source Inc. Tier 2.
  • Soss, J., Fording, R. C., & Schram, S. F. (2008). The color of devolution: Race, federalism, and the politics of social control. American Journal of Political Science, 52(3), 536–553. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2008.00328.x
  • Soss, J., Fording, R. C., & Schram, S. F. (2011). Disciplining the poor: Neoliberal paternalism and the persistent power of race. University of Chicago Press.
  • Strayhorn, T. L. (2013). Measuring race and gender differences in undergraduate students’ perceptions of campus climate and intentions to leave college: An analysis in Black and White. Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice, 50(2), 115–132. https://doi.org/10.1515/jsarp-2013-0010
  • Tachine, A. R. (2017). Grandmothers’ pedagogy: Lessons for supporting native students’ attendance at universities. In J. Frawley, S. Larkin, & J. A. Smith (Eds.), Indigenous pathways, transitions and participation in higher education: From policy to practice (pp. 151–167). Springer Singapore.
  • Taylor, B. J. (2022). Wrecked: Deinstitutionalization and partial defenses in state higher education policy. Rutgers University Press. https://doi.org/10.36019/9781978821453
  • Taylor, M., Turk, J. M., Chessman, H. M., & Espinosa, L. L. (2020). Race and ethnicity in higher education: 2020 supplement. American Council on Education. https://www.equityinhighered.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/REHE-2020-final.pdf
  • Teranishi, R. T. (2010). Asians in the ivory tower: Dilemmas of racial inequality in American higher education. Teachers College Press.
  • Thomsen, M. K., Baekgaard, M., & Jensen, U. T. (2020). The psychological costs of citizen coproduction. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 30(4), 656–673. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muaa001
  • Warren, K. C. (2020). Rethinking racial, ethnoracial, and imperial categories: Key concepts in comparative race studies in the history of education. History of Education Quarterly, 60(4), 657–669. https://doi.org/10.1017/heq.2020.42
  • Weathers, E. S., & Sosina, V. E. (2022). Separate remains unequal: Contemporary segregation and racial disparities in school district revenue. American Educational Research Journal, 59(5), 905–938. https://doi.org/10.3102/00028312221079297
  • Wilder, C. S. (2013). Ebony & ivy: Race, slavery, and the troubled history of America’s universities. Bloomsbury Press.
  • Wingfield, A. H., & Alston, R. S. (2014). Maintaining hierarchies in predominantly White organizations: A theory of racial tasks. American Behavioral Scientist, 58(2), 274–287. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764213503329
  • Yi, V., & Museus, S. D. (2015). Model minority myth. In The Wiley Blackwell encyclopedia of race, ethnicity, and nationalism. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118663202.wberen528
  • Zelaya, J. L. (2019). Exploring the experiences of undocumented students who graduated with postgraduate degrees from institutions of higher education [ Doctoral dissertation, Texas A&M University]. https://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/189241

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.