Development and testing of a numerical code for treatment of complex river channel topography in three-dimensional CFD models with structured grids

References

• Bennett, S. J., and Best, J. L., 1995. Mean Flow and Turbulence Structure Over Fixed, Two-Dimensional Dunes: Implications for Sediment Transport and Dune Stability, Sedimentology 42 (1995), pp. 491–513.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradbrook, K. F., Biron, P., Lane, S. N., Richards, K. S., and Roy, A. G., 1998. Investigation of Controls on Secondary Circulation and Mixing Processes in a Simple Confluence Geometry Using a Three-Dimensional Numerical Model, Hydrol. Processes 12 (1998), pp. 1371–1396.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradbrook, K. F., Lane, S. N., and Richards, K. S., 2000a. Numerical Simulation of Three-Dimensional, Time-Averaged Flow Structure at River Channel Confluences, Water Resour. Res. 36 (9) (2000a), pp. 2731–2746.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradbrook, K. F., Lane, S. N., Richards, K. S., Biron, P. M., and Roy, A. G., 2000b. Large Eddy Simulation of Periodic Flow Characteristics at River Channel Confluences, J. Hydraul. Res. 38 (3) (2000b), pp. 207–215.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradbrook, K. F., Lane, S. N., Richards, K. S., Biron, P. M., and Roy, A. G., 2001. Role of Bed Discordance at Asymmetrical River Confluences, J. Hydraul. Engng. ASCE 127 (5) (2001), pp. 351–368.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bray, D. I., 1982. "Flow Resistance in Gravel-bed Rivers". In: Hey, R. D., Bathurst, J. C., and Thorne, C. R., eds. Gravel-bed Rivers. Chichester: Wiley; 1982. pp. 109–133.
   Google Scholar
• Chyu, M. K., and Natarajam, V., 1996. Heat Transfer on the Base Surface of Three-Dimensional Protruding Elements, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 39 (1996), pp. 2925–2935.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clifford, N. J., Robert, A., and Richards, K. S., 1992. Estimation of Flow Resistance in Gravel-Bedded Rivers, a Physical Explanation of the Multiplier of Roughness Length, Earth Surface Process Landforms 17 (1992), pp. 111–126.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cornelius, C., Volgmann, W., and Stoff, H., 1999. Calculation of Three-Dimensional Turbulent Flow with a Finite Volume Multigrid Method, Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids 31 (1999), pp. 703–720.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dantec, , 2000. FlowMap: Particle Image Velocimetry Instrumentation. 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Dinehart, R. L., 1992. Evolution of Coarse Gravel Bed Forms—Field Measurements at Flood Stage, Water Resour. Res. 28 (10) (1992), pp. 2667–2689.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gessler, D., Hall, B., Spasojevic, M., Holly, E., Pourtaheri, H., and Raphelt, N., 1999. Application of 3D Mobile Bed, Hydrodynamic Model, J. Hydraul. Engng. ASCE 125 (1999), pp. 737–749.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grass, A. J., Stuart, R. J., and Mansour-Tehrani, M., 1991. Vortical Structures and Coherent Motion in Turbulent Flow Over Smooth and Rough Boundaries, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A 336 (1640) (1991), pp. 35–65.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldstein, R. J., Yoo, S. Y., and Chung, M. K., 1990. Convective Mass Transfer from a Square Cylinder and Its Base Plate, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 33 (1990), pp. 9–18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardy, R. J., Bates, P. D., Anderson, M. G., Moulin, C., and Hervouet, J.-M., 2000. Initial Testing of a Joint Two-dimensional Finite Element Hydraulic and Sediment Transport Model to Reach Scale Floodplain Environment, Proc. Inst. Civil Eng. Water Maritime Energy 142 (3) (2000), pp. 141–156.
   Google Scholar
• Hardy, R. J., Lane, S. N., Ferguson, R. I., and Parsons, D. R., 2003. Assessing the Credibility of a Computational Fluid Dynamic Code for Open Channel Flows, Hydrol. Processes 17 (2003), pp. 1539–1560.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hey, R. D., 1979. Flow Resistance in Gravel-bed Rivers, J. Hydraul. Div. ASCE 105 (1979), pp. 365–379.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodskinson, A., and Ferguson, R. I., 1998. Modelling Separation Flow in Meander Bends, Hydrol. Processes 12 (1998), pp. 1323–1338.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, H., Dabiri, D., and Gharib, M., 1997. On Errors of Digital Particle Image Velocimetry, Meas. Sci. Technol. 8 (1997), pp. 1427–1440.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunt, J. C. R., Abell, C. J., Peterka, J. A., and Woo, H., 1978. Kinematic Studies of the Flow Around Free or Surface Mounted Obstacles; Applying Topology to Flow Visualization, J. Fluid Mech. 86 (1978), pp. 179–200.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keane, R. D., and Adrian, R. J., 1992. Theory of Crosscorrelation Analysis of PIV Images, Appl. Sci. Res. 49 (1992), pp. 191–215.
   Google Scholar
• Kubdendran, L. R., Mcmahon, H. M., and Hubbartt, J. E., 1986. Turbulent Flow Around a Wing/Fuselage-Type Junction, AIAA 24 (1986), pp. 1447–1452.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lane, S. N., Bradbrook, K. F., Richards, K. S., Biron, P. A., and Roy, A. G., 1999. The Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics to Natural River Channels, Three-Dimensional versus Two-Dimensional Approaches, Geomorphology 29 (1–2) (1999), pp. 1–20.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lane, S. N., Bradbrook, K. F., Richards, K. S., Biron, P. M., and Roy, A. G., 2000. Secondary Circulation Cells in River Channel Confluences: Measurement Artefacts or Coherent Flow Structures?, Hydrol. Processes 14 (11–12) (2000), pp. 2047–2071.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lane, S. N., Hardy, R. J., Elliot, L., and Ingham, D. B., 2004. Numerical Modelling of Flow Processes Over Gravelly-Surfaces Water Using Structured Grids and a Numerical Porosity Treatment, Water Resour. Res. (2004), doi: 10.1029/2002WR001934.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Launder, B. E., and Spalding, D. B., 1974. The Numerical Computation of Turbulent Flows, Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engng. 3 (1974), pp. 269–289.
   Google Scholar
• Ma, L., Ashworth, P. J., Best, J. L., Elliott, L., Ingham, D. B., and Whitcombe, L. J., 2002. Computational Fluid Dynamics and the Physical Modelling of an Upland Urban River, Geomorphology 44 (2002), pp. 375–391.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manson, J. R., and Wallis, S. G., 1997. Accuracy Characteristics of Traditional Finite Volume Discretizations for Unsteady Computational Fluid Dynamics, J. Comput. Phys. 132 (1997), pp. 153–573.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mcewan, I., and Heald, J., 2001. Discrete Particle Modelling of Entrainment from Flat Uniformly Sized Sediment Beds, ASCE J. Hydraul. Engng. 127 (2001), pp. 588–597.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mclean, S. R., Wolfe, S. R., and Nelson, J. M., 1999. Predicting Boundary Shear Stress and Sediment Transport Over Bed Forms, ASCE J. Hydraul. Engng. 125 (1999), pp. 725–736.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson, J. M., Schmeeckle, M. W., and Shreeve, R. L., 2001. "Turbulence and Particle Entrainment". In: Mosley, M. P., ed. Gravel-Bed Rivers . Wellington, New Zealand: New Zealand Hydrological Society; 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Nicholas, A. P., 2001. Computational Fluid Dynamics Modelling of Boundary Roughness in Gravel-Bed Rivers, an Investigation of the Effect of Random Variability in Bed Elevation, Earth Surface Process Landforms 26 (2001), pp. 345–362.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicholas, A. P., and Smith, G. H. S., 1999. Numerical Simulation of Three-Dimensional Flow Hydraulics in Braided Channel, Hydrol. Processes 13 (6) (1999), pp. 913–929.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nikuradse, J., 1933. Laws for Flows in Rough Pipes. NACA Tech. Memo. 1292. 1933. p. 62, Translated from German, (Translation, 1952).
   Google Scholar
• Nogueira, J., Lecuona, A., and Rodriguez, P. A., 1997. Data Validation, False Vectors Correction and Derived Magnitudes Calculation on PIV Data, Meas. Sci. Technol. 8 (1997), pp. 1493–1501.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olsen, N. R. B., and Stockseth, S., 1995. Three-Dimensional Numerical Modelling of Water Flow in a River with Largebedform Roughness, J. Hydraul. Res. 33 (1995), pp. 571–581.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patankar, S. V., and Spalding, D. B., 1972. A Calculation Procedure for Heat, Mass and Momentum Transport in Three-Dimensional Parabolic Flows, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 15 (1972), p. 1782.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prandtl, L., 1952. Essentials of Fluid Dynamics. London: Blackie and Sons; 1952.
   Google Scholar
• Roache, P. J., 1994. Perspective, A Method for Uniform Reporting of Grid Refinement Studies, J. Fluids Engng. 116 (1994), pp. 405–413.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roache, P. J., 1997. Quantification on Uncertainty in Computational Fluid Dynamics, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 29 (1997), pp. 123–160.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roache, P. J., 1998. Verification of Codes and Calculations, AIAA 36 (1998), pp. 696–702.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roy, A. G., and Buffin-BÉlanger, T., 2001. "Advances in the Study of Turbulent Flow Structures in Gravel- Bed Rivers". In: Mosley, M. P., ed. Gravel-Bed Rivers. Wellington, New Zealand: N.Z. Hydrological Society; 2001. pp. 375–397.
   Google Scholar
• Simpson, R. L., 2001. Juncture Flows, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 33 (2001), pp. 415–443.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sousa, J. M. M., 2002. Turbulent Flow Around a Surfacemounted Obstacle Using 2D-3C DPIV, Exp. Fluids 33 (6) (2002), pp. 854–862.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tribe, S., and Church, M., 1999. Simulations of Cobble Structure on a Gravel Streambed, Water Resour. Res. 35 (1) (1999), pp. 311–318.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westerweel, J., 1994. Efficient Detection of Spurious Vectors in Particle Image Velocimetry Data, Exp. Fluids 16 (1994), pp. 236–247.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westerweel, J., 1997. Fundamental of Digital Particle Image Velocimetry, Meas. Sci. Technol. 8 (1997), pp. 1379–1392.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whiting, P. J., and Dietrich, W. E., 1990. Boundary Shear Stress and Roughness Over Mobile Alluvial Beds, J. Hydraul. Engng. ASCE 116 (12) (1990), pp. 1495–1511.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiberg, P.L., and Smith, J. D., 1991. Velocity Distribution and Bed Roughness in High Gradient Streams, Water Resour. Res. 27 (1991), pp. 825–838.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilbert, C., and Gharib, M., 1991. Digital Particle Image Velocimetry, Exp. Fluids 10 (1991), pp. 181–193.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, F.C., and Huang, H. T., 2000. Hydraulic Resistance Induced by Deposition of Sediment in Porous Medium, J. Hydraul. Engng. ASCE 126 (2000), pp. 1–15.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, F., Shen, H., and Chou, Y., 1999. Variation of Roughness Coefficients for Unsubmerged and Submerged Vegetation, J. Hydraul. Engng. 125 (1999), pp. 934–942.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, F. C., Shen, H. W., and Chou, Y. J., 2001. Variation of Roughness Coefficients for Unsubmerged and Submerged Vegetation—Closure, J. Hydraulic. Engng. ASCE 127 (3) (2001), pp. 244–245.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar