Race and Gender Differences in Adolescent Peer Group Approval of Leisure Activities

References

• Archer, J., & McDonald, M. (1990). Gender roles and sports in adolescent girls. Leisure Studies, 9, 224–240.
   Google Scholar
• Atwater, E. (1988). Adolescence. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Bell, D. (1992). Faces at the bottom of the well. New York: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Bell, D. (1994). Confronting authority: Reflections of an ardent protester. Boston: Beacon Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bergin, D. A. (1992). Leisure activity, motivation and academic achievement in high school students. Journal of Leisure Research, 24, 225–239.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caldwell, L. L., Smith, E. A., & Weissinger, E. (1992). Development of a Leisure Experience Battery for adolescents: Parsimony, stability, and validity. Journal of Leisure Research, 24, 361–376.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carr, D. S., & William, D. R. (1993). Understanding the role of ethnicity in outdoor recreation experiences. Journal of Leisure Research, 25, 22–38.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheek, N. H., & Burch, W. R. (1976). The social organization of leisure in human society. New York: Harper & Row.
   Google Scholar
• Cose, E. (1993). The rage of a privileged class. New York: Harper-Collins.
   Google Scholar
• Csikszentmihalyi, M., & Larson, R. (1984). Being adolescent: Conflict and growth in the teenage years. New York: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Csikszentmihalyi, M., Larson, R., & Prescott, S. (1977). The ecology of adolescent activity and experience. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 6, 281–294.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deutsch, M., & Gerald, H. (1955). A study of normative and informational social influences upon individual judgement. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 51, 629–636.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Edwards, P. K. (1981). Race, residence, and leisure style: Some policy implications. Leisure Sciences, 4, 95–112.
   Google Scholar
• Elias, T., & Schatzman, D. (1996). The Simpson trial in Black and White. Los Angeles: General Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Floyd, M. F., & Gramann, J. H. (1993). Effects of acculturation and structural assimilation in resource based recreation: The case of Mexican Americans. Journal of Leisure Research, 25, 6–21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Floyd, M. F., Gramann, J. H., & Saenz, R. (1993). Ethnic factors and the use of public outdoor recreation areas: The case of Mexican Americans. Leisure Sciences, 15, 83–98.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Floyd, M. F., Shinew, K. M., McGuire, F. A., & Noe, F. P. (1994). Race, class, and leisure activity preferences: Marginality and ethnicity revisited. Journal of Leisure Research, 26, 158–173.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garton, A. F., & Pratt, C. (1987). Participation and interest in leisure activities by adolescent schoolchildren. Journal of Adolescence, 10, 341–351.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gates, H. L. Jr., & West, C. (1996). The future of the race. New York: Knopf.
   Google Scholar
• Green, E., Hebron, S., & Woodward, D. (1990). Woman's leisure, What leisure? London: MacMillian.
   Google Scholar
• Greenberger, E., & Steinberger, L. (1986). When teenagers work: The psychological and sociological costs of adolescent employment. New York: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Griffiths, V. (1988). From ‘playing out’ to ‘dossing out’: young women and leisure. In E. Wimbush & M. Talbot (Eds.), Relative freedoms: Women and leisure (pp. 48–59). Philadelphia: Open University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hacker, A. (1995). Two nations: Black and White, separate, hostile, unequal. New York: Ballantine.
   Google Scholar
• Henderson, K. A., Bialeschki, M. D., Shaw, S. M., & Freysinger, V. J. (1989). A leisure of one's own: A feminist perspective on women's leisure. State College, PA: Venture.
   Google Scholar
• Hochschild, J. L. (1995). Facing up to the American dream: Race, class, and the soul of the nation. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hultsman, W. Z. (1993). The influence of others as a barrier to recreation participation among early adolescents. Journal of Leisure Research, 25, 150–161.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ingersol, G. M. (1989). Adolescents. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Iso-Ahola, S. (1980). The social psychology of leisure. Dubuque: Brown.
   Google Scholar
• Jackson, E. L., & Rucks, V. C. (1995). Negotiation of leisure constraints by junior-high and highschool students: An exploratory study. Journal of Leisure Research, 27, 85–105.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaynes, G. E., & Williams, R. M. (1989). A common destiny: Blacks and American society. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kleiber, D., Larson, R., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1986). The experience of leisure in adolescence. Journal of Leisure Research, 18, 169–176.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kinder, D. R., & Sanders, L. M. (1996). Divided by color: Racial politics and democratic ideals. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, R. G. (1972). The social definition of outdoor recreation places. In W. R. Burch, N. Cheek, & L. Taylor (Eds.), Social behavior, natural resources, and environment (pp. 68–84). New York: Harper & Row.
   Google Scholar
• Philipp, S. F. (1995). Race and leisure constraints. Leisure Sciences, 17, 109–120.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Philipp, S. F. (1997). Race and leisure benefits. Leisure Sciences, 19, 191–207.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rapoport, R., & Rapoport R. N. (1975). Leisure and the family life cycle. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
   Google Scholar
• Raymore, L. A., Godbey, G. C., & Crawford, D. W. (1994). Self-esteem, gender, and socioeconomic status: Their relation to perceptions of constraint on leisure among adolescents. Journal of Leisure Research, 26, 99–118.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robertson, B. (1994). Leisure in the lives of male adolescents who engage in delinquent activity for excitement. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 12, 29–46.
   Google Scholar
• Rosenberg, M. (1979). Conceiving the self. New York: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Schuman, H., & Hatchett, S. (1974). Racial attitudes in America: Trends and interpretations. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Searle, M. S., & Jackson, E. L. (1985). Socioeconomic variation in perceived barriers to recreation participation among would-be participants. Leisure Sciences, 7, 227–249.
   Google Scholar
• Shaw, S. M. (1985). Gender and leisure: Inequality in the distribution of leisure time, Journal of Leisure Research, 17, 266–282.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaw, S. M. (1988). Gender differences in the definition and perception of household labor. Family Relations, 37, 333–337.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaw, S. M., Kleiber, D. A., & Caldwell, L. L. (1995). Leisure and identity formation in male and female adolescents: A preliminary examination. Journal of Leisure Research, 27, 245–263.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shinew, K. J., Floyd, M. F., McGuire, F. A., & Noe, F. P. (1995). Gender, race, and subjective social class and their association with leisure preferences. Leisure Sciences, 17, 75–89.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shinew, K. J., Floyd, M. F., McGuire, F. A., & Noe, F. P. (1996). Class polarization and leisure activity preferences of African Americans: Intragroup comparisons. Journal of Leisure Research, 28, 219–232.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sprinthall, N. A., & Collins, W. A. (1988). Adolescent psychology: A developmental view. New York: Random House.
   Google Scholar
• Stamps, S. M., & Stamps, M. B. (1985). Race, class, and leisure activities of urban residents. Journal of Leisure Research, 17, 40–56.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Washburne, R. F. (1978). Black under-participation in wildland recreation: Alternative explanations. Leisure Sciences, 1, 175–189.
   Google Scholar
• West, P. C. (1989). Urban region parks and Black minorities; Subculture, marginality, and interracial relations in the Detroit metropolitan area. Leisure Sciences, 11, 11–28.
   Google Scholar
• Wimbush, E., & Talbot, M. (Eds.). (1988). Relative freedoms: Woman and leisure. Philadelphia: Open University Press.
   Google Scholar