914
Views
157
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Enduring Involvement, Situational Involvement, and Flow in Leisure and Non-leisure Activities

&
Pages 152-177 | Published online: 13 Dec 2017

References

  • Backman, S. J. (1991). Exploring the relationship between perceived constraints and loyalty. Journal of Leisure Research 23, 332–344.
  • Bloch, P. H. (1981). An exploration into the scaling of consumers' involvement with a product class. Advances in Consumer Research, 8, 61–65.
  • Bloch, P. H. (1990, October). Involvement, enthusiasm, fanaticism: An interdisciplinary perspective on commitment to recreational pursuits. Paper presented at the National Recreation and Park Association, Leisure Research Symposium, Phoenix, AZ.
  • Bloch, P. H. (1993). Involvement with adornments as leisure behavior: An exploratory study. Journal of Leisure Research, 25, 245–262.
  • Bollen, K. A. (1989). Structural equations with latent variables. New York, NY: Wiley.
  • Buchanan, T. (1985). Commitment and leisure behavior: A theoretical perspective. Leisure Sciences, 7, 401–420.
  • Burton, S., & Netemeyer, R. G. (1992). The effect of enduring, situational, and response involvement on preference stability in the context of voting behavior. Psychology & Marketing 9, 143–156.
  • Celsi, R. L., & Olson, J. C. (1988). The role of involvement in attention and comprehension processes. Journal of Consumer Research, 15, 210–224.
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1975). Beyond boredom and anxiety: The experience of play in work and games. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. New York: Harper Perennial.
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M., & LeFevre, J. (1989). Optimal experience in work and leisure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 815–822.
  • Driver, B. L., & Tocher, R. C. (1970). Toward a behavioral interpretation of recreational engagements, with implications for planning. In B. L. Driver (Ed.) Elements of Outdoor Recreation Planning (pp. 9–31). Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms.
  • Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
  • Funk, D. C., & James, J. (2002). The Psychological Continuum Model: A conceptual framework for understanding an individual's psychological connection to sport. Sport Management Review, 4, 119–150.
  • Gahwiler, P., & Havitz, M. E. (1998). Toward a relational understanding of leisure social worlds, involvement, psychological commitment, and behavioral loyalty. Leisure Sciences, 20, 1–23.
  • Ghani, J. A., & Deshpande, S. P. (1994) Task characteristics and the experience of optimal flow in human-computer interaction. Journal of Psychology, 128, 381–391.
  • Graef, R., Csikszentmihalyi, M. & McManama Gianinno, S. (1983). Measuring intrinsic motivation in everyday life. Leisure Studies, 2, 155–168.
  • Havitz, M. E., & Crompton, J. L. (1990). The influence of persuasive messages on propensity to purchase selected recreational services from public and commercial suppliers. Journal of Leisure Research, 22, 71–88.
  • Havitz, M. E., & Dimanche, F. (1990). Propositions for guiding the empirical testing of the involvement construct in recreational and tourist contexts. Leisure Sciences, 12, 179–196.
  • Havitz, M. E., & Dimanche, F. (1997). Leisure involvement revisited: Conceptual conundrums and measurement advances. Journal of Leisure Research, 29, 245–278.
  • Havitz, M. E., & Dimanche, F. (1999). Leisure involvement revisited: Drive properties and paradoxes. journal of leisure Research, 31, 122–149.
  • Havitz, M. E., Green, T. R., & McCarville, R. E. (1993). Testing the contextual stability of three involvement scales. Journal of Applied Recreation Research, 18, 181–195.
  • Havitz, M. E., & Howard, D. R. (1995). How enduring is enduring involvement? A seasonal examination of three recreational activities. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 4, 255–276.
  • Havitz, M. E., Morden, P. A., & Samdahl, D. M. (2004). The diverse worlds of unemployed adults: Consequences for leisure, lifestyle, and well-Being. Waterloo, ON: Wilfrid Laurier University Press.
  • Hirschman, E. C., & Holbrook, M. B. (1982). Hedonic consumption: Emerging concepts, methods and propositions. Journal of Marketing, 46, 92–101
  • Holbrook, M. B., & Hirschman, E. C. (1982). The experiential aspects of consumption: Consumer fantasies, feelings, and fun. Journal of Consumer Research, 9, 132–140.
  • Houston, M. J., & Rothschild, M. L. (1978). Conceptual and methodological perspectives on involvement. In S. Jain (Ed.), 1978 Educators' Proceedings (pp. 184–187). Chicago, ILL: American Marketing Association.
  • Hull, R. B., Michael, S. E., Walker, G. J., & Roggenbuck, J. W. (1996). Ebb and flow of brief leisure experiences. Leisure Sciences, 18, 299–314.
  • Hutchison, S. L., & Kleiber, D. A. (2001). Creating meaning from casual leisure. In M. E. Havitz & M. F. Floyd (Eds.) Abstracts from the 2001 Symposium on Leisure Research (p. 101). Ashburn, VA: National Recreation and Park Association.
  • Iso Ahola, S. E. (1986). A theory of substitutability of leisure behavior. Leisure Sciences, 8, 367–390.
  • Iwasaki, Y., & Havitz, M. E. (1998). A path analytic model of relationships between involvement, psychological commitment, and loyalty. Journal of Leisure Research, 30, 256–280.
  • Iwasaki, Y., & Havitz, M. E. (in press). Examining relationships between leisure involvement and loyalty to a recreation agency. Journal of Leisure Research.
  • Jackson, S. A., & Marsh, H. W. (1998). Development and validation of a scale to measure optimal experience: The Flow State Scale. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 18, 17–35.
  • Kishton, J. M., & Widaman, K. F. (1994). Unidimensional versus domain representative parceling of questionnaire items: An empirical example. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 54, 757–765.
  • Kleiber, D. A., Larson, R., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1986). The experience of leisure in adolescence. Journal of Leisure Research, 18, 169–176.
  • Kyle, G., & Chick, G. (2002). The social nature of leisure involvement. Journal of Leisure Research, 34, 426–448.
  • Larson, R., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. The experience sampling method. In H. T. Reis (Ed.), Naturalistic approaches to studying social interaction (pp. 41–56). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  • Larson, R., Mannell, R., & Zuzanek, J. (1986). Daily well-being of older adults with family and friends. Psychology and Aging, 1, 117–126.
  • Laurent, G., & Kapferer, J. N. (1985). Measuring consumer involvement profiles. Journal of Marketing Research, 22, 41–53.
  • Laverie, D. A., & Arnett, D. B. (2000). Factors affecting fan attendance: The influence of identity salience and satisfaction. Journal of Leisure Research, 32, 225–246.
  • Leckey, P. J., & Mannell, R. C. (2000). Confidence in personality impressions of others in leisure and work contexts: The role of implicit theories of leisure as expressive behaviour. Leisure/loisir, 24, 279–298.
  • MacCallum, R. C., & Austin, J. T. (2000). Applications of structural equation modeling in psychological research. Annual Review of Psychology, 51, 201–226.
  • Madrigal, R. (2003). Investigating an evolving leisure experience: Antecedents and consequences of spectator affect during a live sporting event. Journal of Leisure Research, 35, 23–48.
  • MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., Hoffman, J. M., West, S. G., & Sheets, V. (2002). A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects. Psychological Methods, 7, 83–104.
  • Mannell, R. C. (1980). Social psychological techniques and strategies for studying leisure experiences. In S. E. Iso-Ahola (Ed.), Social psychological perspectives on leisure and recreation (pp. 62–88). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas, Publisher.
  • Mannell, R. C. (1993). High investment activity and life satisfaction among older adults: Committed, serious leisure and flow activities. In J. R. Kelly (Ed.), Activity and aging (pp. 125–145). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Mannell, R. C. (1999). Leisure experience and satisfaction. In E. L. Jackson and T. L. Burton (Eds.) Leisure Studies: Prospects for the Twenty-First Century (pp. 235–251). State College, PA: Venture.
  • Mannell, R. C., & Bradley, W. (1986). Does greater freedom always lead to greater leisure? Testing a person x environment model of freedom and leisure. Journal of Leisure Research, 18, 215–230.
  • Mannell, R. C., & Kleiber, D. A. (1997). A social psychology of leisure. State College, PA: Venture.
  • Mannell, R. C., Zuzanek, J., & Larson, R. (1988). Leisure states and “flow” experiences: Testing perceived freedom and intrinsic motivation hypotheses. Journal of Leisure Research, 20, 289–304.
  • Manning, R. E. (1986). Studies in outdoor recreation: A review and synthesis of the social science literature in outdoor recreation. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Press.
  • McIntyre, N., & Pigram, J. J. (1992). Recreation specialization reexamined: The case of vehicle-based campers. Leisure Sciences, 14, 3–15.
  • Moneta, G. B., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1996). The monitoring of optimal experience: A tool for psychiatric rehabilitation. Journal of Personality, 64, 275–310.
  • Pritchard, M. P. (1999). A structural analysis of commitment and its antecedents. In W. P. Stewart & D. M. Samdahl (Eds.) Abstracts from the 1999 Symposium on Leisure Research (p. 10). Ashbum, VA: National Park and Recreation Association.
  • Pritchard, M. P, & Brunson, W. A., III (2001, May). Understanding spectator involvement: How do enduring and situational involvement stimulate involvement response? In, Abstracts, 16th Annual Conference North American Society for Sport Management, (pp. 67–68). Virginia Beach, VA.
  • Pritchard, M. P., Havitz, M. E., & Howard, D. R. (1999). Analyzing the commitment-loyalty link in service contexts. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 27, 333–348.
  • Privette, G. & Bundrick, C. M. (1987). Measurement of experience: Construct and content validity of the experience questionnaire. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 65, 315–332.
  • Richins, M. L., & Bloch, P. H. (1986). After the new wears off: The temporal context of product involvement. Journal of Consumer Research, 13, 280–285.
  • Richins, M. L., Bloch, P. H., & McQuarrie, E. F. (1992). How enduring and situational involvement combine to create involvement responses. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 1, 143–153.
  • Rothschild, M. L. (1984). Perspectives on involvement: Current problems and future directions. Advances in Consumer Research, 11, 216–217.
  • Samdahl, D. M. (1988). A symbolic interactionist model of leisure: Theory and empirical support. Leisure Sciences, 10, 27–39. OR 1992?
  • Samdahl, D. M., & Kleiber, D. A. (1989). Self-awareness and leisure experience. Leisure Sciences, 11, 1–10.
  • Shamir, B. (1988). Commitment and leisure. Sociological Perspective, 31, 238–258.
  • Sherif, C. W., Kelly, M., Rogers, H. L., Sarup, G., & Tittler, B. I. (1973). Personal involvement, social judgement, and action. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 27, 311–328.
  • Stebbins, R. A. (1992). Amateurs, professional, and serums leisure. Montreal, QC and Kingston, ON: McGill-Queen's University Press.
  • Stebbins, R. A. (2001). New directions in the theory and research of serious leisure. New York, NY: The Edwin Mellen Press.
  • Stein, G. L., Kimiecik, J. C., Daniels, J., & Jackson, S. A. (1995). Psychological antecedents of flow in recreational sport. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 125–135.
  • Stewart, W. P. (1998). Leisure as multiphase experiences: Challenging traditions. Journal of Leisure Research, 30, 391–400.
  • Stewart, W. P., & Hull, R. B. (1996). Capturing the moments: Concerns of in situ leisure research. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 5, 3–20.
  • Trevino, L., & Webster, J. (1992). Flow in computer-mediated communication. Communication Research, 19, 539–573.
  • Voelkl, J. E., & Birkel, R. C. (1988). Application of the experience sampling method to assess clients' daily experiences. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 22, 23–33.
  • Voelkl, J. E., & Ellis, G. D. (1998). Measuring flow experiences in daily life: An examination of the items used to measure challenge and skill. Journal of Leisure Research, 30, 380–389.
  • Watkins, M. (1987). The influence of involvement and information search on consumers' choice of recreation activities (Doctoral dissertation, University of Oregon, 1986). Dissertation Abstracts International, 47, 3560A.
  • Webster, J., Trevino, L. K., & Ryan, L. (1993). The dimensionality and correlates of flow in human computer interactions. Computers in Human Behavior, 9, 411–426.
  • Zaichkowsky, J. L. (1985). Measuring the involvement construct. Journal of Consumer Research, 12, 341–352.
  • Zaichkowsky, J. L. (1990). Issues in measuring abstract constructs. Advances in Consumer Research, 17, 616–618.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.