Sexual leisure and profiles of coping with the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on sex life: Using cluster analysis approach

References

• American Association of Retired Persons. (2010). Sex, romance, and relationships: AARP survey of midlife and older adults. https://assets.aarp.org/rgcenter/general/srr_09.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Attwood, F. (2011). Sex and the citizens: Erotic play and the new leisure culture. In P. Bramham, & S. Wagg (Eds.), The new politics of leisure and pleasure (pp. 82–96). Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Ballester-Arnal, R., Nebot-Garcia, J. E., Ruiz-Palomino, E., Giménez-García, C., & Dolores Gil-Llario, M. (2020). “INSIDE” project on sexual health in Spain: The impact of the lockdown caused by COVID-19. Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-61952/v1
   Google Scholar
• Berdychevsky, L. (2018). “Risky” leisure research on sex and violence: Innovation, impact, and impediments. Leisure Sciences, 40(1–2), 9–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2017.1376012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berdychevsky, L. (2022). Sex as leisure as a coping mechanism with the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on sex life. Leisure Sciences, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2022.2127432
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berdychevsky, L., & Carr, N. (2020). Innovation and impact of sex as leisure in research and practice: Introduction to the special issue. Leisure Sciences, 42(3–4), 255–274. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2020.1714519
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berdychevsky, L., Clough, B., Cavanaugh, D., & Dariotis, J. K. (2021, October 23–27). COVID-19’s impacts on sex life and related coping mechanisms [Paper presentation]. The American Public Health Association (APHA) Annual Meeting.
   Google Scholar
• Berdychevsky, L., & Nimrod, G. (2015). “Let’s talk about sex”: Discussions in seniors’ online communities. Journal of Leisure Research, 47(4), 467–484. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2015.11950371
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berdychevsky, L., & Nimrod, G. (2017). Sex as leisure in later life: A netnographic approach. Leisure Sciences, 39(3), 224–243. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2016.1189368
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berdychevsky, L., Nimrod, G., Kleiber, D. A., & Gibson, H. J. (2013). Sex as leisure in the shadow of depression. Journal of Leisure Research, 45(1), 47–73. https://doi.org/10.18666/jlr-2013-v45-i1-2942
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradbury-Jones, C., & Isham, L. (2020). The pandemic paradox: The consequences of COVID-19 on domestic violence. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 29(13-14), 2047–2049. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15296
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brouillard, P., Stulhofer, A., Busko, V., et al. (2020). The new sexual satisfaction scale and its short form. In R. R. Milhausen (Eds.), Handbook of sexuality-related measures (pp.495–497). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Cabello, F., Sánchez, F., Farré, J. M., & Montejo, A. L. (2020). Consensus on recommendations for safe sexual activity during the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(7), 2297. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9072297
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cellini, N., Canale, N., Mioni, G., & Costa, S. (2020). Changes in sleep pattern, sense of time, and digital media use during COVID-19 lockdown in Italy. Journal of Sleep Research, 29(4), e13074. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.13074
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chadwick, S. B., Burke, S. M., Goldey, K. L., van Anders, S., et al. (2020). Sexual desire questionnaire. In R. R. Milhausen (Eds.), Handbook of sexuality-related measures (pp.280–284). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Christian, G., Gray, J., Roberts, K., & Eller, J. (2020). Quadriplegic sexuality: Demystifying misconceptions. Leisure Sciences, 42(3–4), 322–339. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2020.1712281
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman, D., & Iso-Ahola, S. E. (1993). Leisure and health: The role of social support and self-determination. Journal of Leisure Research, 25(2), 111–128. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1993.11969913
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coronado, P. J., Fasero, M., Otero, B., Sanchez, S., de la Viuda, E., Ramirez-Polo, I., Llaneza, P., Mendoza, N., & Baquedano, L. (2021). Health-related quality of life and resilience in peri- and postmenopausal women during Covid-19 confinement. Maturitas, 144, 4–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.09.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coop Gordon, K., & Mitchell, E. A. (2020). Infidelity in the time of COVID-19. Family Process, 59(3), 956–966. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12576
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Debrot, A., Meuwly, N., Muise, A., Impett, E. A., & Schoebi, D. (2017). More than just sex: Affection mediates the association between sexual activity and well-being. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 43(3), 287–299. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167216684124
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Oliveira, L., & Carvalho, J. (2021). Women’s sexual health during the pandemic of COVID-19: Declines in sexual function and sexual pleasure. Current Sexual Health Reports, 13(3), 76–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11930-021-00309-4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Delcea, C., Chirilă, V.-I., & Săuchea, A.-M. (2021). Effects of COVID-19 on sexual life—A meta-analysis. Sexologies, 30(1), e49–e54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sexol.2020.12.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dewitte, M., Otten, C., & Walker, L. (2020). Making love in the time of corona—Considering relationships in lockdown. Nature Reviews. Urology, 17(10), 547–553. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41585-020-0365-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dewitte, M., Van Lankveld, J., Vandenberghe, S., & Loeys, T. (2015). Sex in its daily relational context. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 12(12), 2436–2450. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsm.13050
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Döring, N. (2020). How is the COVID-19 pandemic affecting our sexualities? An overview of the current media narratives and research hypotheses. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 49(8), 2765–2778. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-020-01790-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eleuteri, S., & Terzitta, G. (2021). Sexuality during the COVID-19 pandemic: The importance of Internet. Sexologies, 30(1), e55–e60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sexol.2020.12.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernández-Aranda, F., Casas, M., Claes, L., Bryan, D. C., Favaro, A., Granero, R., Gudiol, C., Jiménez-Murcia, S., Karwautz, A., Le Grange, D., Menchón, J. M., Tchanturia, K., & Treasure, J. (2020). COVID -19 and implications for eating disorders. European Eating Disorders Review: The Journal of the Eating Disorders Association, 28(3), 239–245. https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.2738
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghebreyesus, T. A., & Kanem, N. (2018). Defining sexual and reproductive health and rights for all. Lancet, 391(10140), 2583–2585. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30901-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giami, A. (2021). COVID-19 and sexualities: The emergence of a new paradigm of sexualities. Sexologies, 30(1), e1–e17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sexol.2021.01.002
   Google Scholar
• Gillespie, S. M., Jones, A., Uzieblo, K., Garofalo, C., & Robinson, E. (2021). Coping using sex during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in the United Kingdom. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 18(1), 50–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.11.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hennig, C., Meila, M., Murtagh, F., & Rocci, R. (2016). Handbook of cluster analysis. CRC Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hensel, D. J., Rosenberg, M., Luetke, M., Fu, T., & Herbenick, D. (2020). Changes in solo and partnered sexual behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from a U.S. probability survey. medRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.09.20125609
   Google Scholar
• Ibarra, F. P., Mehrad, M., Di Mauro, M., Godoy, M. F., Cruz, E. G., Nilforoushzadeh, M. A., & Russo, G. I. (2020). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the sexual behavior of the population. The vision of the east and the west. International Brazilian Journal of Urology, 46(Suppl 1), 104–112. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2020.S116
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Iwasaki, Y., Coyle, C., & Shank, J. (2010). Leisure as a context for active living, recovery, health, and life quality for persons with mental illness in a global context. Health Promotion International, 25(4), 483–494. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daq037
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacob, L., Smith, L., Butler, L., Barnett, Y., Grabovac, I., McDermott, D., Armstrong, N., Yakkundi, A., & Tully, M. A. (2020). Challenges in the practice of sexual medicine in the time of COVID-19 in the United Kingdom. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 17(7), 1229–1236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.05.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy, S. H., & Rizvi, S. (2009). Sexual dysfunction, depression, and the impact of antidepressants. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 29(2), 157–164. https://doi.org/10.1097/JCP.0b013e31819c76e9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King, R. S. (2015). Cluster analysis and data mining: An introduction. Mercury Learning and Information.
   Google Scholar
• Kirana, E., & Tripodi, F. (2020). Sexual relationships during the lockdown: Adjusting sexual counselling and therapy to the restriction of quarantine. ESSM Today. https://www.essm.org/adjusting-sextherapy-to-the-restriction-of-quarantine/
   Google Scholar
• Kleiber, D. A., Hutchinson, S. L., & Williams, R. (2002). Leisure as a resource in transcending negative life events: Self-protection, self-restoration, and personal transformation. Leisure Sciences, 24(2), 219–235. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400252900167
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kleiber, D. A., Walker, G. J., & Mannell, R. C. (2011). A social psychology of leisure (2nd ed.). Venture.
   Google Scholar
• Lakens, D. (2013). Calculating and reporting effect sizes to facilitate cumulative science: A practical primer for t-tests and ANOVAs. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 863. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00863
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazarus, R. S. (1996). The role of coping in the emotions and how coping changes over the life course. In C. Magai & S. H. McFadden (Eds.), Handbook of emotion, adult development, and aging (pp. 289–306). Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Lehmiller, J. J., Garcia, J. R., Gesselman, A. N., & Mark, K. P. (2020). Less sex, but more sexual diversity: Changes in sexual behavior during the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic. Leisure Sciences, 43(1–2), 295–304. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2020.1774016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, W., Li, G., Xin, C., Wang, Y., & Yang, S. (2020). Challenges in the practice of sexual medicine in the time of COVID-19 in China. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 17(7), 1225–1228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.04.380
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luetke, M., Hensel, D., Herbenick, D., & Rosenberg, M. (2020). Romantic relationship conflict due to the COVID-19 pandemic and changes in intimate and sexual behaviors in a nationally representative sample of American adults. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 46(8), 747–762. https://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2020.1810185
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maretti, C., Privitera, S., Arcaniolo, D., Cirigliano, L., Fabrizi, A., Rizzo, M., Ceruti, C., Ortensi, I., Lauretti, S., Cai, T., Bitelli, M., Palumbo, F., & Palmieri, A. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic and its implications on sexual life: Recommendations from the Italian Society of Andrology. Archivio italiano di urologia, andrologia: organo ufficiale [di] Societa italiana di ecografia urologica e nefrologica, 92(2), 73–77. https://doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2020.2.73
   Google Scholar
• McNulty, J. K., Wenner, C. A., & Fisher, T. D. (2016). Longitudinal associations among relationship satisfaction, sexual satisfaction, and frequency of sex in early marriage. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 45(1), 85–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-014-0444-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meaney, G. J., & Rye, B. J. (2013). Sex, sexuality, and leisure. In R. McCarville & K. MacKay (Eds.), Leisure for Canadians (pp.177–184). Venture Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Meltzer, A. L., Makhanova, A., Hicks, L. L., French, J. E., McNulty, J. K., & Bradbury, T. N. (2017). Quantifying the sexual afterglow: The lingering benefits of sex and their implications for pair-bonded relationships. Psychological Science, 28(5), 587–598. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797617691361
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mercer, C. H., Clifton, S., Riddell, J., Tanton, C., Freeman, L., Copas, A., Dema, E., Bosó Pérez, R., Gibbs, J., Macdowall, W., Menezes, D., Ridge, M.-C., Bonell, C., Sonnenberg, P., Field, N., & Mitchell, K. R. (2020). Initial impacts of COVID-19 on sexual behaviour in Britain: Findings from a large, quasi-representative survey (Natsal-COVID). https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3862706.
   Google Scholar
• Meston, C. M., Kilimnik, C. D., Freihart, B. K., & Buss, D. M. (2020). Why humans have sex: Development and psychometric assessment of a short-form version of the YSEX? Instrument. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 46(2), 141–159. https://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2019.1654581
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell, K. R., Shimonovich, M., Bosó Pérez, R., Dema, E., Clifton, S., Riddell, J., Copas, A., Tanton, C., Macdowall, W., Bonell, C., Sonnenberg, P., Mercer, C. H., & Field, N. (2021). Initial impacts of COVID-19 on sex life and relationship quality in steady relationships in Britain: Findings from a large, quasi-representative survey (Natsal-COVID). SSRN Electronic Journal, https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3862586
   Google Scholar
• Mollaioli, D., Sansone, A., Ciocca, G., Limoncin, E., Colonnello, E., Di Lorenzo, G., & Jannini, E. A. (2021). Benefits of sexual activity on psychological, relational, and sexual health during the COVID-19 breakout. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 18(1), 35–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.10.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muise, A., Schimmack, U., & Impett, E. A. (2016). Sexual frequency predicts greater well-being, but more is not always better. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 7(4), 295–302. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550615616462
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nimrod, G. (2016). Innovation theory revisited: Self-preservation innovation versus self-reinvention innovation in later life. Leisure Sciences, 38(5), 389–401. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2016.1151389
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nimrod, G., & Berdychevsky, L. (2018). Laughing off the stereotypes: Age and aging in seniors’ online sex-related humor. The Gerontologist, 58(5), 960–969. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnx032
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nimrod, G., Kleiber, D. A., & Berdychevsky, L. (2012). Leisure in coping with depression. Journal of Leisure Research, 44(4), 419–449. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2012.11950272
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paasonen, S. (2017). Many splendored things: Sexuality, playfulness and play. Sexualities, 21(4), 537–551. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363460717731928
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panzeri, M., Ferrucci, R., Cozza, A., & Fontanesi, L. (2020). Changes in sexuality and quality of couple relationship during the COVID-19 lockdown. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 565823. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.565823
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parry, D. C., & Light, T. P. (2014). Fifty shades of complexity: Exploring technologically mediated leisure and women’s sexuality. Journal of Leisure Research, 46(1), 38–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2014.11950312
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pascoal, P. M., Carvalho, J., Raposo, C. F., Almeida, J., & Beato, A. F. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 on sexual health: A preliminary framework based on a qualitative study with clinical sexologist. Sexual Medicine, 9(1), 100299–100299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esxm.2020.100299
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pennanen-Iire, C., Prereira-Lourenço, M., Padoa, A., Ribeirinho, A., Samico, A., Gressler, M., Jatoi, N.-A., Mehrad, M., & Girard, A. (2021). Sexual health implications of COVID-19 pandemic. Sexual Medicine Reviews, 9(1), 3–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sxmr.2020.10.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pieh, C., ÓRourke, T., Budimir, S., & Probst, T. (2020). Relationship quality and mental health during COVID-19 lockdown. PloS One, 15(9), e0238906. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238906
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pietromonaco, P. R., & Overall, N. C. (2021). Applying relationship science to evaluate how the COVID-19 pandemic may impact couples’ relationships. American Psychologist, 76(3), 438–450. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000714
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piha, S., Hurmerinta, L., Järvinen, E., Räikkönen, J., & Sandberg, B. (2020). Escaping into sexual play: A consumer experience perspective. Leisure Sciences, 42(3–4), 289–305. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2020.1712279
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodrigues, D. L., & Lehmiller, J. L. (2022). COVID-19 and sexual desire: Perceived fear is associated with enhanced relationship functioning. Journal of Sex Research, 59(4), 403–412. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2021.1966359
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rolleri Insignares, L. A., Bass, T. M., & Taverner, B. (2021). Sex ed lessons from COVID-19. American Journal of Sexuality Education, 16(4), 435–465. https://doi.org/10.1080/15546128.2021.1975592
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenberg, M., Luetke, M., Hensel, D., Kianersi, S., Fu, T., & Herbenick, D. (2021). Depression and loneliness during April 2020 COVID-19 restrictions in the United States, and their associations with frequency of social and sexual connections. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 56(7), 1221–1232. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-020-02002-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schiavi, M. C., Spina, V., Zullo, M. A., Colagiovanni, V., Luffarelli, P., Rago, R., & Palazzetti, P. (2020). Love in the time of COVID-19: Sexual function and quality of life analysis during the social distancing measures in a group of Italian reproductive-age women. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 17(8), 1407–1413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.06.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sonnenberg, P., Menezes, D., Freeman, L., Maxwell, K. J., Reid, D., Clifton, S., Tanton, C., Copas, A., Riddell, J., Dema, E., Bosó Pérez, R., Gibbs, J., Ridge, M.-C., Macdowall, W., Unemo, M., Bonell, C., Johnson, A. M., Mercer, C. H., Mitchell, K. R., & Field, N. (2021). Intimate physical contact between people from different households during the COVID-19 pandemic: A mixed-methods study from a large, quasi-representative survey (Natsal-COVID). SSRN Electronic Journal, https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3863361
   Google Scholar
• Walker, G. J., Kleiber, D. A., & Mannell, R. C. (2019). A social psychology of leisure (3rd ed.). Sagamore-Venture Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, D. J., Prior, E. E., & Vincent, J. (2020). Positive sexuality as a guide for leisure research and practice addressing sexual interests and behaviors. Leisure Sciences, 42(3-4), 275–288. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2020.1712276
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, D. J., Prior, E. E., & Wegner, J. (2016). Resolving social problems associated with sexuality: Can a “sex-positive” approach help? Social Work, 58(3), 273–276. https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/swt024
   Google Scholar