References
- Abend , W. , Bizzi , E. and Morasso , P. 1982 . Human arm trajectory formation. . Brain , 105 : 331 – 348 .
- Amazeen , E. L. , Sternad , D. and Turvey , M. T. 1996 . Nonlinear dependencies of coordination in equilibrium on frequency and detuning. . Human Movement Science , 15 : 521 – 542 .
- Amazeen , P. G. , Amazeen , E. L. and Turvey , M. T. 1998 . “ Dynamics of human intersegmental coordination: Theory and research ” . In Timing of behavior: Neural, computational, and psychological perspectives , Edited by: Rosenbaum , D. A. and Collyer , C. E. 237 – 259 . Cambridge, MA : MIT Press .
- Amazeen , P. G. , Schmidt , R. C. and Turvey , M. T. 1995 . Frequency detuning of the phase entrainment dynamics of visually coupled rhythmic movements. . Biological Cybernetics , 72 : 511 – 518 .
- Andronov , A. A. , Vitt , A. A. and Khaikin , S. E. 1966 . Theory of oscillators , Toronto, Ontario : Dover Publications .
- Bahrick , H. P. , Bennett , W. F. and Fitts , P. M. 1955 . Accuracy of positioning responses as a function of spring loading in a control. . Journal of Experimental Psychology , 49 ( 6 ) : 437 – 444 .
- Bekey , G. A. 1962 . The human operator as a sampled‐data system . IEEE. Transactions on Human Factors in Electronics , HFE3 : 43 – 51 .
- Bernstein , N. 1967 . Coordination and regulation of movements , New York : Pergamon Press .
- Burgess‐Limerick , R. , Abernethy , B. and Neal , R. J. 1991 . Note: A statistical problem in testing invariance of movement using the phase plane model. . Journal of Motor Behavior , 25 ( 4 ) : 301 – 303 .
- Byblow , W. R. , Chua , R. and Goodman , D. 1995 . Asymmetries in coupling dynamics of perception and action. . Journal of Motor Behavior , 27 ( 2 ) : 123 – 137 .
- Collins , D. R. , Sternad , D. and Turvey , M. T. 1996 . An experimental note on defining frequency competition in intersegmental coordination dynamics. . Journal of Motor Behavior , 28 ( 4 ) : 299 – 304 .
- Craik , K. W. J. 1947 . Theory of the human operator in human control systems I: The operator as an engineering system. . British Journal of Psychology , 38 : 56 – 61 .
- Dijkstra , T. M. H. , Schöner , G. and Gielen , C. C. A. M. 1994 . Temporal stability of the action‐perception cycle for postural control in a moving visual environment. . Experimental Brain Research , 97 : 477 – 486 .
- Doeringer , J. A. and Hogan , N. 1998 . Intermittency in preplanned elbow movements persists in the absence of visual feedback. . Journal of Neurophysiology , 80 : 1787 – 1799 .
- Foulkes , A. J. M. and Miall , R. C. 2000 . Adaptation to visual feedback delays in a human manual tracking task. . Experimental Brain Research , 131 : 101 – 110 .
- Fuchs , A. , Jirsa , V. K. , Haken , H. and Kelso , J. A. S. 1996 . Extending the HKB model of coordinated movement to oscillators with different eigenfrequencies. . Biological Cybernetics , 74 : 21 – 30 .
- Girden , E. R. 1992 . ANOVA: Repeated measures , Newbury Park, CA : Sage .
- Haken , H. , Kelso , J. A. S. and Bunz , H. 1985 . A theoretical model of phase transition in human hand movements. . Biological Cybernetics , 51 : 347 – 356 .
- Hammerton , M. 1981 . “ Tracking ” . In Human skills , Edited by: Holding , D. New York : Wiley .
- Hefter , H. and Langenberg , U. 1998 . Sinusoidal forearm tracking with delayed visual feedback: II. Dependence of the relative phase on the relative delay. . Experimental Brain Research , 118 : 172 – 179 .
- Howland , D. and Noble , M. E. 1955 . The effect of physical constants of a control on tracking performance. . Journal of Experimental Psychology , 46 : 353 – 360 .
- Jordan , M. 1996 . “ Computational aspects of motor control and motor learning ” . In Handbook of perception and action , Edited by: Prinz , W. and Bridgeman , B. Vol. 2 , 71 – 120 . San Diego, CA : Academic Press .
- Kelso , J. A. S. 1995 . Dynamic patterns: The self‐organization of brain and behavior , Cambridge, MA : MIT Press .
- Kelso , J. A. S. , Delcolle , J. D. and Schöner , G. 1990 . “ Action‐perception as a pattern formation process ” . In Attention and performance XIII , Edited by: Jeannerod , M. 139 – 169 . Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
- Kugler , P. N. and Turvey , M. T. 1987 . Information, natural law, and the self‐assembly of rhythmic movement , Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
- Langenberg , U. , Hefter , H. , Kessler , K. R. and Cooke , J. D. 1998 . Sinusoidal forearm tracking with delayed visual feedback: I. Dependence of the tracking error on the relative delay. . Experimental Brain Research , 118 : 161 – 170 .
- Leist , A. , Freund , H.‐J. and Cohen , B. 1987 . Comparative characteristics of predictive eye‐hand tracking. . Human Neurobiology , 6 : 19 – 26 .
- Liao , M.‐J. and Jagacinski , R. J. 2000 . A dynamical systems approach to manual tracking performance. . Journal of Motor Behavior , 32 ( 4 ) : 361 – 378 .
- Mardia , K. V. and Jupp , P. E. 2000 . Directional statistics , Chichester, , England : Wiley .
- Meyer , D. E. , Abrams , R. A. , Kornblum , S. , Wright , C. E. and Smith , J. E. K. 1988 . Optimality in human motor performance: Ideal control of rapid aimed movements. . Psychological Review , 95 : 340 – 370 .
- Meyer , D. E. , Smith , J. E. K. , Kornblum , S. , Abrams , R. A. and Wright , C. E. 1990 . “ Speed‐accuracy trade‐offs in aimed movements: Towards a theory of voluntary action ” . In Attention and performance XIII , Edited by: Jeannerod , M. 173 – 226 . Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
- Miall , R. C. 1995 . “ Motor control, biological and theoretical ” . In The handbook of brain theory and neural networks , Edited by: Arbib , M. A. 597 – 600 . Cambridge, MA : MIT Press .
- Miall , R. C. , Weir , D. J. and Stein , J. F. 1993 . Intermittency in human manual tracking tasks. . Journal of Motor Behavior , 25 ( 1 ) : 53 – 63 .
- Neilson , P. D. , Neilson , M. D. and O'Dwyer , N. J. 1988 . Internal models and intermittency: A theoretical account of human tracking behavior. . Biological Cybernetics , 58 : 101 – 112 .
- Neilson , P. D. , O'Dwyer , N. J. and Neilson , M. D. 1988 . Stochastic prediction in pursuit tracking: An experimental test of adaptive model theory. . Biological Cybernetics , 58 : 113 – 122 .
- Newell , K. M. 1986 . “ Constraints on the development of coordination ” . In Motor development in children: Aspects of coordination and control , Edited by: Wade , M. G. and Whiting , H. T. A. 341 – 360 . The Hague, The Netherlands : Nijhoff .
- Noble , M. , Fitts , P. M. and Warren , C. E. 1955 . The frequency response of skilled subjects in a pursuit tracking task. . Journal of Experimental Psychology , 49 ( 4 ) : 249 – 256 .
- Notterman , J. and Page , D. E. 1962 . Evaluation of mathematically equivalent tracking systems. . Perceptual & Motor Skills , 15 : 683 – 716 .
- O'Dwyer , N. J. and Neilson , P. D. 1998 . “ Adaptation to a changed sensori‐motor relation: Immediate and delayed parametric modifications ” . In Motor behavior and human skill: A multidisciplinary approach , Edited by: Piek , J. P. 75 – 104 . Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics .
- Pew , R. W. , Duffendack , J. C. and Fensch , L. K. 1967 . Sine‐wave tracking revisited. . IEEE Transactions on Human Factors in Electronics , HFE‐8 ( 2 ) : 130 – 134 .
- Poulton , E. C. 1974 . Tracking skill and manual control , New York : Academic Press .
- Pressing , J. 1998 . “ Referential behavior theory: A framework for multiple perspectives in motor control ” . In Motor behavior and human skill: A multidisciplinary approach , Edited by: Piek , J. P. 357 – 384 . Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics .
- Pressing , J. 1999 . The referential dynamics of cognition and action. . Psychological Review , 106 ( A ) : 714 – 747 .
- Schmidt , R. C. , Carello , C. and Turvey , M. T. 1990 . Phase transitions and critical fluctuations in the visual coordination of rhythmic movements between people. . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 16 ( 2 ) : 227 – 247 .
- Schmidt , R. C. , Shaw , B. K. and Turvey , M. T. 1993 . Coupling dynamics in interlimb coordination. . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 19 ( 2 ) : 397 – 415 .
- Schöner , G. 1991 . Dynamic theory of action‐perception patterns: The “moving room” paradigm. . Biological Cybernetics , 64 : 455 – 462 .
- Smith , M. C. 1967 . Theories of the psychological refractory period. . Psychological Bulletin , 67 : 202 – 213 .
- Soechting , J. F. and Terzuolo , C. A. 1987 . Organization of arm movements. Motion is segmented. . Neuroscience , 23 : 39 – 51 .
- Sternad , D. , Amazeen , E. L. and Turvey , M. T. 1996 . Diffusive, synaptic, and synergetic coupling: An evaluation through in‐phase and antiphase rhythmic movements. . Journal of Motor Behavior , 28 : 255 – 269 .
- Sternad , D. , Collins , D. and Turvey , M. T. 1995 . The detuning factor in the dynamics of interlimb rhythmic coordination. . Biological Cybernetics , 73 ( 1 ) : 27 – 35 .
- Sternad , D. , Duarte , M. , Katsumata , H. and Schaal , S. 2000 . Dynamics of a bouncing ball in human performance . Physical Review E , 011902–1‐011902–8
- Sternad , D. , Duarte , M. , Katsumata , H. and Schaal , S. in press . Bouncing a ball: Tuning into dynamic stability . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. ,
- Sternad , D. and Schaal , S. 1999 . Segmentation of endpoint trajectories does not imply segmented control. . Experimental Brain Research , 1 : 118 – 136 .
- Sternad , D. , Turvey , M. T. and Saltzman , E. L. 1999 . Dynamics of 1:2 coordination in rhythmic interlimb movement: I. Generalizing relative phase. . Journal of Motor Behavior , 31 ( 3 ) : 207 – 223 .
- Sternad , D. , Turvey , M. T. and Schmidt , R. C. 1992 . Average phase difference theory and 1:1 phase entrainment in interlimb coordination. . Biological Cybernetics , 67 : 223 – 231 .
- Strogatz , S. H. 1987 . Human sleep and circadian rhythms: A simple model based on two coupled oscillators. . Journal of Mathematical Biology , 25 : 327 – 347 .
- Strogatz , S. H. and Stewart , I. 1993 . Coupled oscillators and biological synchronization. . Scientific American , 269 : 102 – 109 .
- Tass , P. , Kurths , J. , Rosenblum , M. G. , Guasti , G. and Hefter , H. 1996 . Delay‐induced transitions in visually guided movements. . Physical Review E , 54 ( 3 ) : 2224 – 2227 .
- Tass , P. , Wunderlin , A. and Schanz , M. 1995 . A theoretical model of sinusoidal forearm tracking with delayed visual feedback. . Journal of Biological Physics , 21 ( 83 ) : 83 – 110 .
- Vince , M. A. 1947 . The intermittency of control movements and the psychological refractory period. . British Journal of Psychology , 38 : 149 – 157 .
- Viviani , P. and Terzuolo , C. 1980 . “ Space‐time invariance in learned motor skills ” . In Tutorials in motor behavior , Edited by: Stelmach , G. E. and Requin , J. 525 – 533 . Amsterdam : North‐Holland .
- Warren , W. H. Jr. 1998 . Visually controlled locomotion: 40 years later. . Ecological Psychology , 10 ( 3 & 4 ) : 177 – 221 .
- Weir , D. J. , Stein , J. F. and Miall , R. C. 1989 . Cues and control strategies in visually guided tracking. . Journal of Motor Behavior , 21 ( 3 ) : 185 – 204 .
- Wickens , C. D. 1984 . Engineering psychology and human performance , Columbus, OH : Merrill .
- Wimmers , R. H. , Beek , P. J. and van Wieringen , P. C. W. 1992 . Phase transitions in rhythmic tracking movements: A case of unilateral coupling . Human Movement Science , 11 : 217 – 226 .
- Wolpert , D. M. , Miall , R. C. , Winter , J. L. and Stein , J. F. 1992 . Evidence for an error deadzone in compensatory tracking. . Journal of Motor Behavior , 24 ( 4 ) : 299 – 308 .
- Woodworm , R. S. 1899 . The accuracy of voluntary movement. . Psychological Review Monograph Supplements , 3 ( 2 ) : 1 – 114 .