Mainland versus island differences in behaviour of Podarcis lizards confronted with dangerous prey: the scorpion Buthus occitanus

References

• Alonso Matilla , L. A , Carretero , J. L and Garcia‐Carrascosa , A. M , eds. 1987 . “ Islas Columbretes. ” . In Contribución al estudio de su medio natural , 507 Valencia, , Spain : Generalitat Valenciana .
   Google Scholar
• Aparicio , A. , Mitjavila , J. M. , Araña , V. and Villa , I. M. 1991 . La edad del volcanismo de las isles Columbrete Grande y Alvorán (Mediterráneo occidental). . Bol Geol Minero , 102 : 562 – 570 .
   Google Scholar
• Barbadillo , L. J. , Lacomba , J. I. , Pérez‐Mellado , V. , Sancho , V. and López Jurado , L. F. 1999 . Anfibios y reptiles de la Península Ibérica, Baleares y Canarias , Barcelona, , (Spain) : Ed. Planeta S.A .
   Google Scholar
• Ben Nasar , H. , Hammami , T. S. , Mion , G. , Sahnoun , Z. , Chouaiekh , F. , Rebai , T. , Kassis , M. , Goyffon , M. and Zeghal , K. 2007a . Effects of Buthus occitanus tunetanus envenomation on an experimental murine model of gestation. . C R Biol , 330 (12) : 890 – 896 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ben Nasar , H. , Hammami , T. S. , Sahnoun , Z. , Rebai , T. , Bouaziz , M. , Kassis and Zeghal , K. M. 2007b . Scorpion envenomation symptoms in pregnant women. . J Venom Anim Toxins incl Trop Dis , 13 (1) : 94 – 102 .
   Google Scholar
• Ben Othmen , A. , Chatti , N. , Ben Ali‐Haouas , Z. , Ouldbrahim , I. and Said , K. 2004 . Allozymic differentiation of Tunisian populations of Androctonus species and Buthus occitanus (Scorpiones: Buthidae). . Biol J Linn Soc , 81 (2) : 255 – 265 .
   Google Scholar
• Castilla , A. M. 1995a . Interactions between lizards Podarcis hispanica atrata and scorpions (Buthus occitanus). . Bol Soc Hist Nat Baleares , 38 : 47 – 50 .
   Google Scholar
• Castilla , A. M. 1995b . Conspecific eggs and juveniles in the diet of the insular lizard Podarcis hispanica atrata. . Bol Soc Hist Nat Baleares , 38 : 121 – 129 .
   Google Scholar
• Castilla , A. M. and Bauwens , D. 1991a . Observations on the natural history, present status, and conservation of the insular lizard Podarcis hispanica atrata. . Biol Conserv , 58 : 69 – 84 .
   Google Scholar
• Castilla , A. M. and Bauwens , D. 1991b . Thermal biology, microhabitat selection, and conservation of the lizard Podarcis hispanica atrata. . Oecologia (Berlin) , 85 : 366 – 374 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Castilla , A. M. and Bauwens , D. 1996 . La lagartija de Columbretes: Biología y conservación de P. hispanica atrata [The Columbretes lizard: biology and conservation of P. hispanica atrata] , 190 Valencia, , (Spain) : Consellería de Medio Ambiente, Generalitat Valenciana .
   Google Scholar
• Castilla , A. M. and Bauwens , D. 2000 . Reproductive characteristics of the lacertid lizard Podarcis atrata. . Copeia , 2000 (3) : 748 – 756 .
   Google Scholar
• Castilla , A. M. , Fernández‐Pedrosa , V. , Backeljau , T. , González , A. , Latorre , A. and Moya , A. 1998a . Conservation genetics of insular Podarcis lizards using partial cytochrome b sequences. . Mol Ecol , 7 : 1407 – 1411 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castilla , A. M. , Fernández‐Pedrosa , V. , Harris , J. D. , González , A. , Latorre , A. and Moya , A. 1998b . Mitochordrial DNA divergence suggests that Podarcis hispanica atrata (Squamata: Lacertidae) from the Columbretes islands merits specific distinction. . Copeia , 1998 (4) : 1037 – 1040 .
   Google Scholar
• Castilla , A. M. , Gallén , M. , Tena , V. L. and Verheyen , R. 1994 . Nueva técnica de captura de lacértidos para trabajos científicos. . Bol Asoc Herpetol Esp , 5 : 32 – 33 .
   Google Scholar
• Castilla , A. M. , Jiménez , J. and Lacomba , I. 1987 . “ Los reptiles de Columbretes. ” . In Islas Columbretes. Contribución al estudio de su medio natural , Edited by: Alonso Matilla , L. A , Carretero , J. L and Garcia‐Carrascosa , A. M . 181 – 194 . Valencia, , (Spain) : Generalitat Valenciana .
   Google Scholar
• Castilla , A. M. and Pons , G. 2007 . Primeros datos sobre la población de escorpiones (Buthus occitanus) en las islas Columbretes (Mediterráneo, España). . Bol Soc Hist Nat Baleares , 50 : 267 – 278 .
   Google Scholar
• Castilla , A. M. and Van Damme , R. 1996 . Cannibalistic propensities in the lizard Podarcis hispanica atrata. . Copeia , 1996 (4) : 991 – 994 .
   Google Scholar
• Castilla , A. M. , Vanhooydonck , B. and Catenazzi , A. forthcoming. 2008 . Feeding behavior of the Columbretes lizard Podarcis atrata, in relation to the marine species, Ligia italica (Isopoda, Crustaceae). . Belg J Zool , 138 (1) : 146 – 148 .
   Google Scholar
• Catenazzi , A. and Donnelly , M. A. 2007 . The Ulva connection. Marine green algae subsidize terrestrial consumers in coastal Peru. . Oikos , 116 : 75 – 86 .
   Google Scholar
• Colli , G. R. , Zatz , M. G. and da Cunha , H. J. 1998 . Notes on the ecology and geographical distribution of the rare gymnophthalmid lizard Bachia bresslaui. . Herpetologica , 54 : 169 – 174 .
   Google Scholar
• Gantenbein , B. 2004 . The genetic population structure of Buthus occitanus (Scorpiones: Buthidae) across the Strait of Gibraltar: calibrating a molecular clock using nuclear allozyme variation. . Biol J Linn Soc , 81 (4) : 519 – 534 .
   Google Scholar
• Gantenbein , B. and Keightley , P. D. 2004 . Rates of molecular evolution in nuclear genes of east Mediterranean scorpions. . Evolution , 58 (11) : 2486 – 2497 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gantenbein , B. and Largiader , C. R. 2003 . The phylogeographic importance of the Strait of Gibraltar as a gene flow barrier in terrestrial arthropods: a case study with the scorpion Buthus occitanus as model organism. . Mol Phylogenet Evol , 28 (1) : 119 – 130 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Grismer , L. L. 1994 . Three new species of intertidal side‐blotched lizards (Genus Uta) from the Gulf of California, Mexico. . Herpetologica , 50 : 451 – 474 .
   Google Scholar
• Herrel , A. , Huyghe , K. , Vanhooydonck , B. , Backeljau , T. , Breugelmans , K. , Grbac , I. , Van Damme , R. and Irschick , D. J. 2008 . Rapid large scale evolutionary divergence in morphology and performance associated with exploitation of a different dietary resource. . Proc Natl Acad Sci , 105 : 4792 – 4795 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herrel , A. , Van Damme , R. and De Vree , F. 1996 . Sexual dimorphism of head size in Podarcis hispanica atrata: testing the dietary divergence hypothesis by bite force analysis. . Neth J Zool , 46 : 253 – 262 .
   Google Scholar
• Herrel , A. , Vanhooydonck , B. and Van Damme , R. 2004 . Omnivory in lacertid lizards: adaptive evolution or constraint? . J Evolution Biol , 17 : 974 – 984 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leberre , M. 1979 . Sequential‐analysis of the scorpion feeding behaviour (Buthus occitanus). . Biol Behav , 4 (2) : 97 – 122 .
   Google Scholar
• Losos , J. B. , Warheit , K. I. and Schoener , T. W. 1997 . Adaptive differentiation following experimental island colonization in Anolis lizards. . Nature , 387 : 70 – 73 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massot , M. , Clobert , J. and Ferriere , R. 2008 . Climate warming, dispersal inhibition and extinction risk. . Glob Change Biol , 14 : 461 – 469 .
   Google Scholar
• Memmott , J. , Craze , P. G. , Waser , N. M. and Price , M. V. 2007 . Global warming and the disruption of plant‐pollinator interactions. . Ecol Lett , 10 : 710 – 717 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCormick , S. and Polis , G. A. 1982 . Arthropods that prey on vertebrates. . Biol Rev , 57 : 29 – 58 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCormick , S. J. and Polis , G. A. 1990 . “ Prey, predators and parasites. ” . In The biology of scorpions , Edited by: Polis , G. A . Stanford, (CA) : Stanford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Montori , A and Llorente , G. A , eds. 2005 . Lista patrón actualizada de la herpetofauna española , 46 Barcelona, , (Spain) : Asociación Herpetológica Española .
   Google Scholar
• O'Connell , D. J. and Formanowicz , D. R. 1998 . Differential handling of dangerous and non‐dangerous prey by naive and experienced Texas spotted whiptail lizards, Cnemidophorus gularis. . J Herpetol , 32 : 75 – 79 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reading , C. J. 2007 . Linking global warming to amphibian declines through its effects on female body condition and survivorship. . Oecologia , 151 : 125 – 131 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pinho , C. , Ferran , N. and Harris , J. 2006 . Reexamination of the Iberian and North African Podarcis (Squamata: Lacertidae) phylogeny based on increased mitochondrial DNA sequencing. . Mol Phylogenet Evol , 38 : 266 – 273 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polis , G. A. 1990 . The biology of scorpions , Stanford, , (CA) : Stanford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Skutelsky , O. 1995 . Flexibility in foragin tactics of Buthus occitanus scorpions as response to aboveground activity of termites. . J Arachnol , 23 (1) : 46 – 47 .
   Google Scholar
• Skutelsky , O. 1996 . Predation risk and state‐dependent foraging in scorpions: effects of moonlight on foraging in the scorpion Buthus occitanus. . Anim Behav , 52 : 49 – 57 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swallow , J. and Castilla , A. M. 1996 . Home range area in the lizard Podarcis hispanica atrata. . Herpetol J , 6 : 100 – 102 .
   Google Scholar
• Van Damme , R. , Aerts , P. and Vanhooydonck , B. 1998 . Variation in morphology, gait characteristics and speed of locomotion in two populations of lizards. . Biol J Linn Soc , 63 : 409 – 427 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Damme , R. and Castilla , A. M. 1996 . Chemosensory predator recognition in the lizard Podarcis hispanica: effects of predator pressure relaxation. . J Chem Ecol , 22 : 13 – 22 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Williams , J. L. , Moya‐Larano , J. and Wise , D. H. 2006 . Burrow decorations as antipredatory devices. . Behav Ecol , 17 (4) : 586 – 590 .
   Google Scholar
• Zlotkin , E. , Milman , T. , Sion , G. and Werner , Y. L. 2003 . Predatory behaviour of gekkonid lizards, Ptyodactylus spp., towards the scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus hebraeus, and their tolerance of its venom. . J Nat Hist , 37 : 641 – 646 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar