Vegetation complexity and bat‐plant dispersal in Calakmul, Mexico

References

• August , P. V. 1983 . The role of habitat complexity and heterogeneity in structuring tropical mammal communities. . Ecology. , 64 : 1495 – 1507 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bencke , C. S. C. and Morellato , L. P. C. 2002 . Comparação de dois métodos de avaliação da fenologia de plantas, sua interpretação e representação. . Rev Brasil Botânica. , 25 : 269 – 275 .
   Google Scholar
• Bonaccorso , F. J. 1979 . Foraging and reproductive ecology in Panamian bat community. . Bull Florida State Mus Biol Sci. , 4 : 359 – 408 .
   Google Scholar
• Brown , J. H. and Davidson , D. W. 1977 . Competition between seed eating rodents and ants in desert ecosystems. . Science. , 196 : 880 – 882 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carabias‐Lillo , J. and Guevara , S. 1985 . “ Fenología de una selva tropical húmeda y en una comunidad derivada, Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz. ” . In Investigaciones sobre la regeneración de selvas altas en Veracruz, México , Edited by: Gómez Pompa , A and del Amo , S . Vol. 2 , 27 – 66 . México : INIREB y Alambra Mexicana .
   Google Scholar
• Chapman , C. A. , Chapman , L. J. , Wangham , R. , Hunt , K. , Gebo , D. and Gardner , L. 1992 . Estimators of fruit abundance of tropical trees. . Biotropica. , 24 : 527 – 531 .
   Google Scholar
• Colwell , R. K. 1995 . Effects of nectar consumption by the hummingbird flower mite Proctolaelaps kirmsei on nectar availability in Hamelia patens. . Biotropica. , 27 : 206 – 217 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crespo , R. F. , Linhart , S. B. , Burns , R. J. and Mitchell , G. C. 1972 . Foraging behavior of the common vampire bat related to moonlight. . J Mammal. , 53 : 366 – 368 .
   Google Scholar
• Dinerstein , E. 1986 . Reproductive ecology of fruit bats and the seasonality of fruit production in a Costa Rican cloud forest. . Biotropica. , 18 : 307 – 396 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dumont , E. R. 2003 . “ Bats and fruit: an ecomorphological approach. ” . In Bat ecology , Edited by: Kunz , T. H and Fenton , M. B . 398 – 429 . Chicago (IL) : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Duncan , R. S. and Chapman , C. A. 1999 . Seed dispersal and potential forest succession in abandoned agriculture in tropical Africa. . Ecol Applic. , 9 : 998 – 1008 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eguiarte , L. and Martínez del Río , C. 1987 . El néctar y el polen como recursos: el papel ecológico de los visitantes a las flores de Pseudobombax ellipticum (HBK) Dugand. . Biotropica. , 19 : 72 – 82 .
   Google Scholar
• Estrada‐Villegas , S. , Pérez‐Torres , J. and Stevenson , P. 2007 . Dispersión de semillas por murciélagos en un borde de bosque montano. . Ecotropicos. , 20 : 1 – 14 .
   Google Scholar
• Fleming , T. H. 1991 . The relationship between body size, diet, and habitat use in frugivorous bats, genus Carollia (Phyllostomidae). . J Mammal. , 72 : 493 – 501 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleming , T. H. , Breitwisch , R. and Whitesides , G. H. 1987 . Patterns of vertebrates frugivore diversity. . Annu Rev Ecol Syst. , 18 : 91 – 109 .
   Google Scholar
• Fleming , T. H. and Williams , C. F. 1990 . Phenology, seed dispersal, and recruitment in Cecropia peltata (Moraceae) in Costa Rican tropical dry forest. . J Trop Ecol. , 6 : 163 – 178 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flores , J. S. and Espejel‐Carvajal , I. 1994 . Tipos de vegetación de la Península de Yucatán. Etnoflora Yucatanense. Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Sostenibilidad Maya. . Fascículo. , 3 : 1 – 135 .
   Google Scholar
• Francis , A. P. and Currie , D. J. 2003 . A globally consistent richness climate relationship for angiosperms. . Am Naturalist. , 161 : 523 – 536 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franklin , J. and Rey , S. J. 2007 . Spatial patterns of tropical forest trees in Western Polynesia suggest recruitment limitations during secondary succession. . J Trop Ecol. , 23 : 1 – 12 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galindo‐González , J. , Guevara , S. and Sosa , V. J. 2000 . Bat and bird‐generated seed rains at isolated trees in pastures in tropical rainforest. . Conserv Biol. , 14 : 1693 – 1703 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardner , A. L. 1977 . “ Food habits. ” . In Biology of bats of the New World Family Phyllostomidae, part II , Edited by: Baker , R. J , Jones , J. K Jr and Carter , D. C . 293 – 350 . Lubbock : Texas Tech University Museum . (Special Publication of Museum of Texas Tech University)
   Google Scholar
• Gates , M. , Folan , W. J. and Sánchez , G. M. C. 1999 . “ Introducción. ” . In Naturaleza y cultura en Calakmul, Campeche , XIII – XVII . México : CIHS, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche . In: Folan J, Sánchez MC, García JM, coordinators
   Google Scholar
• Gentry , A. H. 1974 . Flowering phenology and diversity in tropical Bignoniaceae. . Biotropica. , 6 : 64 – 68 .
   Google Scholar
• Gentry , A. H. 1982 . “ Patterns of Neotropical plant species diversity. ” . In Evolutionary biology , Edited by: Hecht , M. K , Wallace , B and Prance , G. T . 1 – 84 . New York : Plenum Press .
   Google Scholar
• Graham , G. L. 1987 . Seasonality of reproduction in Peruvian bats. . Fieldiana Zool. , 39 : 173 – 186 .
   Google Scholar
• Gribel , R. , Gibas , P. E. and Queiróz , A. L. 1999 . Flowering phenology and pollination biology of Ceiba pentandra (Bombacaceae) in Central Amazonia. . J Trop Ecol. , 15 : 247 – 263 .
   Google Scholar
• Gunn , J. D. and Folan , W. J. 1999 . “ Clima actual. ” . In Naturaleza y cultura en Calakmul, Campeche , 19 – 30 . México : CIHS, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche . In: Folan J, Sánchez MC, García JM, coordinators
   Google Scholar
• Heithaus , E. R. , Fleming , T. H. and Opler , P. A. 1975 . Foraging patterns and resource utilization in seven species of bats in a seasonal tropical forest. . Ecology. , 56 : 841 – 854 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holdridge , L. R. , Wrnke , W. C. , Hatheway , W. H. , Liang , T. and Tosi , J. A Jr. 1971 . Forest environments in tropical life zones: a pilot study , New York : Pergamon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Howe , H. F. 1986 . “ Seed dispersal by fruit‐eating birds and mammals. ” . In Seed dispersal , Edited by: Murray , D. R . 123 – 189 . Sydney (Australia) : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Howe , H. F. and Smallwood , J. 1982 . Ecology of seed dispersal. . Annu Rev Ecol System , 13 : 201 – 228 .
   Google Scholar
• Hurlbert , A. H. 2004 . Species–energy relationships and habitat complexity in bird communities. . Ecol Lett. , 7 : 714 – 720 .
   Google Scholar
• Kalko , E. K. V. and Handley , C. O Jr. 2001 . Neotropical bat in the canopy: diversity, community structure, and implications for conservation. . Plant Ecol. , 153 : 319 – 333 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaspari , M. , O'Donnell , S. and Kercher , J. R. 2000 . Energy, density, and constraints to species richness: ant assemblages along a productivity gradient. . Am Naturalist. , 155 : 280 – 293 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimura , K. , Yumoto , T. and Kikuzawa , K. 2001 . Fruiting phenology of fleshy‐fruited plants and seasonal dynamics of frugivorous birds in four vegetation zones on Mt Kinabalu, Borneo. . J Trop Ecol. , 17 : 833 – 858 .
   Google Scholar
• Lang , A. B. , Kalko , E. K. V. , Römer , H. , Bockhold , C. and Dechmann , D. K. N. 2006 . Activity levels of bats and katydids in relation to the lunar cycle. . Oecologia. , 146 : 659 – 656 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laval , R. K. and Fitch , H. S. 1977 . Structure, movements and reproduction in the three Costa Rican bat communities. . Occasional Papers Univ Kansas Mus Nat Hist. , 69 : 1 – 28 .
   Google Scholar
• Leith , H. 1974 . Phenology and seasonality modeling ecological studies. Analysis and synthesis , New York : Springer Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Lemmon , P. 1956 . A spherical densitometer for estimating forest overstorey density. . Forest Sci. , 2 : 314 – 320 .
   Google Scholar
• Loiselle , B. A. and Blake , J. G. 1990 . Diets of understorey fruit‐eating birds in Costa Rica: seasonality and resource abundance. . Stud Avian Biol. , 13 : 91 – 103 .
   Google Scholar
• MacArthur , R. H. and MacArthur , J. W. 1961 . On bird species diversity. . Ecology. , 42 : 594 – 598 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magurran , A. E. 1988 . Ecological diversity and its measurement , New Jersey : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Martínez , E. and Galindo‐Leal , C. 2002 . La vegetación de Calakmul, Campeche, México: clasificación, descripción y distribución. . Bol Soc Bot Méx. , 71 : 7 – 32 .
   Google Scholar
• McLaren , K. P. and McDonald , M. A. 2005 . Seasonal patterns of flowering and fruiting in a dry tropical forest in Jamaica. . Biotropica. , 37 : 584 – 590 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medellín , R. A. 1993 . “ Estructura y diversidad de una comunidad de murciélagos en el trópico húmedo mexicano. ” . In Avances en el estudio de los mamíferos de México. Publicaciones Especiales , Edited by: Medellín , R. A and Ceballos , G . Vol. 1 , 333 – 354 . México : Asociación Mexicana de Mastozoología AC .
   Google Scholar
• Medellín , R. A. , Arita , H. T. and Sánchez , H. O. 1997 . Identificación de los murciélagos de México , Clave de Campo : Asociación Mexicana de Mastozoología AC. . (Publicación Especial No. 2)
   Google Scholar
• Medellín , R. A. and Gaona , O. 1999 . Seed dispersal by bats and birds in forest and disturbed habitats of Chiapas, Mexico. . Biotropica. , 31 : 478 – 485 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miranda , F. 1958 . “ Estudios acerca de la vegetación. ” . In Los recursos naturales del sureste y su aprovechamiento , 215 – 271 . México, DF : Ediciones del Instituto Mexicano de Recursos Naturales Renovables .
   Google Scholar
• Morrison , D. W. 1978 . Lunar phobia in a neotropical fruit bat, Artibeus jamaicensis (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae). . Anim Behav. , 26 : 852 – 855 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muñoz‐García BC, Sánchez‐Rendón JA, Montejo‐Valdés LA. 2005. Características morfológicas y fisiológicas de semillas de especies arbóreas pioneras y su relación con el continuum r‐K. Available on line at www.dama.gov.co ISBN 959‐250‐156‐4
   Google Scholar
• Murdoch , W. W. , Evans , F. and Peterson , C. H. 1972 . Diversity and pattern in plants and insects. . Ecology. , 53 : 819 – 829 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muscarella , R. and Fleming , T. H. 2007 . The role of frugivorous bats in tropical forest succession. . Biol Rev. , 82 : 573 – 590 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neumann , M. and Starlinger , F. 2001 . The significance of different indices for stand structure and diversity in forests. . Forest Ecol Managem. , 145 : 91 – 106 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newstrom , L. E. , Frankie , G. W. and Baker , H. G. 1994a . A new classification for plant phenology based on flowering patterns in lowland tropical rain forest trees at La Selva, Costa Rica. . Biotropica. , 26 : 141 – 159 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newstrom , L. E. , Frankie , G. W. , Baker , H. G. and Colwell , R. K. 1994b . “ Diversity of long‐term flowering patterns. ” . In La Selva: ecology and natural history of a neotropical rain forest , Edited by: McDade , L. A , Bawa , K. S , Hespenheide , H. A and Hartshorn , G. S . 142 – 160 . Chicago (IL) : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Opler , P. A. , Frankie , G. W. and Baker , H. G. 1980 . Comparative phenological studies of treelet and shrub species in tropical wet and dry forests in the lowlands of Costa Rica. . J Ecol. , 68 : 167 – 188 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orians , G. H. 1997 . “ Global biodiversity I. Patterns and processes. ” . In Principles of conservation biology , Edited by: Meffe , G. K and Carroll , C. R . 87 – 121 . Sunderland (MA) : Sinauer Associates, Inc. Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Orozco‐Segovia , A. and Vázquez Yañez , C. 1982 . Plants and fruit bat interactions in a tropical rain forest area, southeastern Mexico. . Brenesia. , 19/20 : 137 – 149 .
   Google Scholar
• Palmeirim , J. M. , Gorchov , D. L. and Stoleson , S. 1989 . Trophic structure of a Neotropical frugivore community: is there competition between bird and bats? . Oecologia. , 79 : 403 – 411 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearson , T. R. H. , Burslem , D. F. R. P. , Mullins , C. E. and Dalling , J. W. 2002 . Germination ecology of neotropical pioneers: interacting effects of environmental conditions and seed size. . Ecology. , 83 : 2798 – 2807 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pennington , T. D. and Sarukhán , J. 2005 . Árboles tropicales de México: manual para la identificación de los principales árboles tropicales de México , México : UNAM‐Fondo de Cultura Económica .
   Google Scholar
• Pool , D. J. , Snedaker , S. C. and Lugo , A. E. 1977 . Structure of mangrove forests in Florida, Puerto Rico, Mexico, and Costa Rica. . Biotropica. , 9 : 195 – 212 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramírez , N. and Berry , P. E. 1995 . Producción y costo de frutos y semillas relacionados a las características de las inflorescencias. . Biotropica. , 27 : 190 – 205 .
   Google Scholar
• Rathcke , B. and Lacey , E. P. 1985 . Phenological patterns of terrestrial plants. . Annu Rev Ecol System. , 16 : 179 – 214 .
   Google Scholar
• Reith , C. 1982 . Insectivorous bats fly in shadows to avoid moonlight. . J Mammal , 63 : 685 – 688 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ricklefs , R. E. and Miller , G. L. 2000 . Ecology, 4th edn , New York : WH Freeman and Company .
   Google Scholar
• Ruggiero , A. and Kitzberger , T. 2004 . Environmental correlates of mammal species richness in South America: effects of spatial structure, taxonomy and geographic range. . Ecography. , 27 : 401 – 416 .
   Google Scholar
• Sakai , S. 2001 . Phenological diversity in tropical forests. . Pop Ecol. , 43 : 77 – 86 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sánchez , R. and Medellín , R. A. 2007 . Food habits of the threatened bat Leptonycteris nivalis (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in a mating roost in Mexico. . J Nat Hist. , 41 : 1753 – 1764 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaefer , H. M. , Schmidt , V. and Wesenberg , J. 2002 . Vertical stratification and caloric content of the standing fruit crop in the tropical lowland forest. . Biotropica. , 34 : 244 – 253 .
   Google Scholar
• Shilton , L. A. , Altringham , J. D. , Compton , S. G. and Whittaker , R. J. 1999 . Old World fruit bats can be long‐distance seed dispersers through extended retention of viable seeds in the gut. . Proc R Soc London Ser B Biol Sci. , 266 : 219 – 223 .
   Google Scholar
• SigmaStat . 1992 . SigmaStat for Windows Version 2.03 , Chicago (IL) : SPSS Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Simoes , C. G. and Marques , M. C. M. 2007 . The role of sprouts in the restoration of Atlantic rainforest in southern Brazil. . Restoration Ecol. , 15 : 53 – 59 .
   Google Scholar
• Smythe , N. 1970 . Relationships between fruiting season and seed dispersal methods in a Neotropical forest. . Am Naturalist. , 104 : 25 – 35 .
   Google Scholar
• StatSoft, Inc . 2000 . Statistica for Windows (Computer program manual) , Tulsa (OK) : StatSoft, Inc . Version 5.5
   Google Scholar
• Terborgh , J. 1977 . Bird species diversity on an Andean elevational gradient. . Ecology. , 58 : 1007 – 1019 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terry , R. D. and Chilingar , G. V. 1955 . Summary of “concerning some additional aids in studying sedimentary formations” by M. S. Shvetsov. . J Sediment Petrol. , 25 : 229 – 234 .
   Google Scholar
• Thomas , D. W. 1991 . On fruits, seeds, and bats. . Bats. , 9 : 8 – 13 .
   Google Scholar
• Tschapka , M. 2004 . Energy density patterns of nectar resources permit coexistence within a guild of Neotropical flower‐visiting bats. . J Zool. , 262 : 1 – 15 .
   Google Scholar
• van Schaik , C. P. , Terborgh , J. W. and Wright , S. J. 1993 . The phenology of tropical forests: adaptive significance and consequences for primary consumers. . Annu Rev Ecol System. , 24 : 353 – 377 .
   Google Scholar
• Williams‐Linera , G. and Meave , J. 2002 . “ Patrones fenológicos. ” . In Ecología y conservación de bosques neotropicales , Edited by: Guariguata , M. R and Kattan , G. H . 407 – 431 . Costa Rica : Libro Universitario Regional (EULAC‐GTZ) .
   Google Scholar
• Zar , J. H. 1984 . Biostatistical analysis , New Jersey : Prentice‐Hall .
   Google Scholar