Reproductive phenology and flower visitors' guild of Canistropsis microps (Bromeliaceae) in an Atlantic Rainforest of southeastern Brazil

References

• Ackerman , JD. 1986 . Coping with the epiphytic existence: pollination strategies . Selbyana , 9 : 52 – 60 .
   Google Scholar
• Alho , C JR , Shneider , M and Vasconcellos , LA. 2002 . Degree of threat to the biological diversity in the Ilha Grande State Park (RJ) and guidelines for conservation . Brazil J Biol. , 62 ( 3 ) : 375 – 385 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Almeida , DR , Cogliatti–Carvalho , L and Rocha , CFD. 1998 . As bromeliáceas da Mata Atlântica da Ilha Grande, RJ: variação na composição e diversidade de espécies em três ambientes diferentes . Bromélia , 5 ( 1 ) : 54 – 65 .
   Google Scholar
• Almeida , EM , Storni , A , Ritter , PD and Alves , MAS. 2004 . Floral visitors of Tillandsia stricta Sol. (Bromeliaceae) at Restinga of Jurubatiba, Macaé, Rio de janeiro, Brazil . Vidalia , 2 ( 1 ) : 30 – 35 .
   Google Scholar
• Alpert , P. 1991 . Nitrogen sharing among ramets increases clonal growth in Fragaria chiloensis . Ecology , 72 ( 1 ) : 69 – 80 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alves , MAS , Rocha , CFD , Van Sluys , M and Bergallo , HG. 2000 . “ A Ornitologia no Brasil: pesquisa atual, conservação e perspectivas ” . In Rio de Janeiro: EDUER. Chapter, Guilda de beija-flores polinizadores de quatro espécies de Bromeliaceae de Mata Atlântica , 171 – 185 . composição e taxas de visitação .
   Google Scholar
• Araújo , AC , Fischer , EA and Sazima , M. 1994 . Floração seqüencial e polinização de três espécies de Vriesea (Bromeliaceae) na região da Juréia, sudeste do Brasil . Rev Brasil Bot. , 17 ( 1 ) : 113 – 118 .
   Google Scholar
• Aronson , J , Kigel , J and Shmida , A. 1993 . Reproduction allocation strategies in desert and Mediterranean populations of annual plants grown with and without water stress . Oecologia , 93 ( 3 ) : 336 – 342 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Augspurger , CK. 1980 . Mass flowering in a tropical shrub, Hybanthus prunifolius: influence on pollinator attraction and movement . Evolution , 34 ( 3 ) : 475 – 488 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Augspurger , CK. 1981 . Reproductive synchrony of a tropical shrub, Hybanthus prunifolius (Violaceae) . Ecology , 62 : 775 – 788 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barracho , GS. 1997 . Propagação vegetativa em Bromeliaceae . Bromélia , 4 ( 1 ) : 23 – 27 .
   Google Scholar
• Bawa , KS. 1990 . Plant-pollinator interactions in Tropical Rain Forest . Annu Rev Ecol Syst. , 21 : 399 – 422 .
   Google Scholar
• Benzing , DH. 1980 . The Biology of the Bromeliads , 1st , 305 Eureka, CA : Mad River Press .
   Google Scholar
• Benzing , DH. 2000 . Bromeliaceae – Profile of an adaptative radiation , 1st , 708 New York : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Benzing , DH and Stiles , K.E. 1998 . Dispersão de sementes de frutos carnosos: interpretações incorretas e orientação para estudos mais aprofundados . Bromélia , 5 ( 1 ) : 23 – 35 .
   Google Scholar
• Bernardello , LN , Galetto , L and Juliani , HR. 1991 . Floral nectar, nectary structure and pollinators in some Argentinian Bromeliaceae . Ann Bot. , 67 ( 5 ) : 401 – 411 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birch , CPD and Hutchings , MJ. 1994 . Exploitation of patchily distributed soil resources by the clonal herb Glechoma hederaceae . J Ecol. , 82 ( 3 ) : 653 – 664 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borchet , T. 1983 . Phenology and control of flowering in Tropical trees . Biotropica , 15 ( 2 ) : 81 – 89 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown , JH and Kodric-Brown , A. 1979 . Convergence, competition and mimicry in a temperate community of hummingbird-pollinated flowers . Ecology , 60 ( 5 ) : 1022 – 1035 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denlinger , DL. 1980 . Seasonal and annual variation of insect abundance in the Nairobi National Park, Kenya . Biotropica , 12 ( 2 ) : 100 – 106 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans , JP and Cain , ML. 1995 . A spatially explicit test of foraging behavior in a clonal plant . Ecology , 76 ( 4 ) : 1147 – 1155 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feisinger , P , Swarm , LA and Wolfe , JA. 1985 . Nectar-feeding birds on Trinidad and Tobago: comparison of diverse and depauperate guilds . Ecol Monogr. , 55 ( 1 ) : 1 – 28 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FIDERJ . 1978 . Climatologic Index of Rio de Janeiro State , 156 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil : FIDERJ, Rio de Janeiro .
   Google Scholar
• Fontoura , T , Costa , A and Wendt , T. 1991 . Preliminary cheeck list of the Bromeliaceae of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil . Selbyana , 12 ( 1 ) : 5 – 45 .
   Google Scholar
• Galetti , M and Pizo , MA. 1996 . Fruit eating by birds in a forest fragment in southeastern Brazil . Ararajuba , 4 ( 1 ) : 71 – 79 .
   Google Scholar
• Gardner , CS. 1986 . Inferences about pollination in Tillandsia (Bromeliaceae) . Selbyana , 9 ( 1 ) : 76 – 87 .
   Google Scholar
• Gentry , AH. 1974 . Flowering phenology and diversity in tropical Bignoniaceae . Biotropica , 6 ( 1 ) : 64 – 68 .
   Google Scholar
• Heide , OM. 1982 . Experimental control of flowering in Carex bigelowii . Oikos , 65 ( 3 ) : 371 – 376 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heithaus , ER. 1979 . Community structure of neotropical flower visiting bees and wasps: diversity and phenology . Ecology , 60 ( 1 ) : 190 – 202 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hmeljevski , KV , Reis , A , Reis , MS , Rogalski , JM , Neto , CD and Lenzi , M. 2007 . Resultados Preliminares da Biologia Reprodutiva de Dyckia ibiramensis Reitz (Bromeliaceae): uma espécie rara e endêmica de Santa Catarina . Rev Brasil Biociênc. , 5 ( S1 ) : 267 – 269 .
   Google Scholar
• Howe , HF. 1994 . Response of early and late-flowering to fire seasons in experimented prairies . Ecol Applic. , 4 ( 1 ) : 121 – 133 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howe , HF and Primack , FB. 1975 . Differential seed dispersal by birds of the Casearia nitida (Flacourtiaceae) . Biotropica , 7 ( 4 ) : 278 – 283 .
   Google Scholar
• Hume , L and Cavers , PB. 1982 . Geographic variation in widespread perennial weed Rumex crispus. The relative amount of genetic and environmentally induced variation among populations . Can J Bot. , 60 : 1928 – 1937 .
   Google Scholar
• Janzen , DH. 1967 . Synchronization of sexual reproduction of trees within the dry season in Central America . Evolution , 21 : 620 – 637 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janzen , DH. 1973 . Sweep samples of tropical foliage insects: effects of seasons, vegetation types, elevation, time of day, and insularity . Ecology , 54 ( 3 ) : 687 – 708 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janzen , DH and Schoener , TW. 1968 . Differences in insect abundance and diversity between wetter and drier sites during a tropical dry season . Ecology , 49 ( 1 ) : 96 – 110 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leme , EMC. 1998 . Canistropsis – Bromélias da Mata Atlântica , 144 Rio de Janeiro : Salamandra Consultoria Editorial Ltda .
   Google Scholar
• Lennartson , T. 1997 . Seasonal differentiation – a conservative reproductive barrier in two grassland Gentianella (Gentianaceae) species . Plant Syst Evol. , 208 ( 1 ) : 45 – 69 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magurran , AE. 1988 . Ecological diversity and its measurement , 179 Princeton : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Marques , AR and Lemos Filho , JP . 2008 . Fenologia reprodutiva de espécies de bromélias na Serra da Piedade, MG, Brasil . Acta Bot Brasíl. , 22 ( 2 ) : 417 – 424 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinelli , G. 1997 . Serra de Macaé de Cima: Diversidade florística e conservação da Mata Atlântica , 214 – 250 . Rio de Janeiro : Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Biologia reprodutiva de Bromeliaceae na Reserva Ecológica de Macaé de Cima .
   Google Scholar
• Martinelli , G , Vieira , CM , Gonzalez , M , Leitman , P , Piratininga , A , Costa , AF and Forzza , RC. 2008 . Bromeliaceae da Mata Atlântica brasileira: lista de espécies, distribuição e conservação . Rodriguesia , 59 ( 1 ) : 209 – 258 .
   Google Scholar
• McWillians , EL. 1974 . Evolutionary ecology . Flora Neotrop Monogr. , 14 ( 1 ) : 40 – 55 .
   Google Scholar
• Morellato , LPC. 1992 . História Natural da Serra do Japi: ecologia e preservação de uma área florestal no Sudeste do Brasil , 97 – 110 . São Paulo : Editora da Unicamp. Sazonalidade e dinâmica de ecossistemas florestais na Serra do Japi .
   Google Scholar
• Morellato , LPC and Leitão-Filho , HF. 1992 . História Natural da Serra do Japi: ecologia e preservação de uma área florestal no Sudeste do Brasil , 111 – 140 . São Paulo : Editora da Unicamp. Padrões de frutificação e dispersão na Serra do Japi .
   Google Scholar
• Morellato , LPC and Leitão-Filho , H.F. 1996 . Reproductive phenology of climbers in a Southeastern Brazilian forest . Biotropica , 28 ( 2 ) : 180 – 191 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neuffer , B and Hurka , H. 1986 . Variation of development time until flowering in natural populations of Caspella bursa-pastoris (Cruciferae) . Plant Syst Evol. , 152 ( 2 ) : 277 – 296 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nunes-Freitas , A.F and Rocha , CFD. 2007 . Spatial distribution by Canistropsis microps (E. Morren ex Mez) Leme (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae) in the Atlantic rain forest in Ilha Grande, Southeastern Brazil . Brazil J Biol. , 67 ( 3 ) : 467 – 474 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pandey , CB and Singh , SJ. 1992 . Rainfall and grazing effects on net primary productivity in a tropical savanna, India . Ecology , 73 ( 6 ) : 2007 – 2021 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pereira , RLP and Quirino , ZGM. 2008 . Fenologia e biologia floral de Neoglaziovia variegata (Bromeliaceae) na caatinga paraibana . Rodriguésia , 59 ( 4 ) : 835 – 844 .
   Google Scholar
• Poulin , B , Lefebre , G and Macneil , R. 1992 . Tropical avian phenology in relation to abundance and exploitation of food resources . Ecology , 73 ( 6 ) : 2295 – 2309 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poulin , B , Wright , SJ , Lefebvre , G and Calderon , O. 1999 . Interspecific synchrony and asynchrony in the fruiting phenologies of congeneric bird-dispersed plants in Panama . J Tropical Ecol. , 15 ( 2 ) : 213 – 227 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rathcke , BJ. 1983 . Pollination biology , 305 – 329 . Orlando : Academic Press. Competition and facilitation among plants for pollination .
   Google Scholar
• Reader , RJ. 1983 . Using heat sum models to account for geographic variation in the floral phenology of two ericaceous shrubs . J Biogeogr. , 10 ( 1 ) : 47 – 64 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reitz , R. 1979 . Flora Ilustrada Catarinense , 1 – 559 . Santa Catarina : Herbário Barbosa Rodrigues. Bromeliáceas e a malária-bromélia endêmica .
   Google Scholar
• Rocha , CFD , Cogliatti-Carvalho , L , Almeida , DR and Freitas , AFN. 2000 . Bromeliads: biodiversity amplifiers . J Bromeliad Soc. , 50 ( 1 ) : 81 – 83 .
   Google Scholar
• Rocha , CFD , Cogliatti-Carvalho , L , Nunes-Freitas , AF , Rocha-Pessôa , TC , Dias , AS , Ariani , CV and Morgado , LN. 2004 . Conservando uma larga porção da diversidade biológica através da conservação de Bromeliaceae . Vidalia , 2 ( 1 ) : 52 – 68 .
   Google Scholar
• Sachs , RM. 1977 . Nutrient diversion: an hypothesis to explain the chemical control of flowering . Horticult Sci. , 12 ( 3 ) : 220 – 222 .
   Google Scholar
• Sala , OE , Biondini , ME and Lauenroth , WK. 1988 . Bias in estimates primary production: an analytical solution . Ecol Modell. , 44 ( 1 ) : 43 – 55 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sampaio , MC , Perissé , LE , Oliveira , GA and Rios , RI. 2002 . The contrasting clonal architecture of two bromeliads form sandy coastal plains in Brazil . Flora , 197 ( 6 ) : 443 – 451 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sazima , M , Buzato , S and Sazima , I. 1995 . Polinização de Vriesea por morcegos no sudeste brasileiro . Bromélia , 2 ( 1 ) : 29 – 37 .
   Google Scholar
• Sazima , I , Vogel , S and Sazima , M. 1989 . Bat pollination of Encholirium glaziovii, a terrestrial bromeliad . Plant Syst Evol. , 168 ( 3–4 ) : 167 – 179 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sick , H. 1997 . Ornitologia brasileira, uma introdução , 862 Brasília : Editora Universidade de Brasília .
   Google Scholar
• Silberbauer-Gottsberger , I and Gottsberger , G. 1988 . A Polinização de plantas do Cerrado . Rev Brasil Biol. , 48 ( 4 ) : 651 – 663 .
   Google Scholar
• Siqueira-Filho , JA. 1998 . Biologia floral de Hohenbergia ridleyi (Baker) Mez . Bromélia , 5 ( 1 ) : 3 – 13 .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , LB and Downs , RJ. 1974 . Bromelioideae (Bromeliaceae) . Flora Neotropica Monogr. , 14 ( 3 ) : 1493 – 2142 .
   Google Scholar
• Snow , DW. 1965 . A possible selective factor in the evolution of fruiting seasons in tropical forest . Oikos , 15 ( II ) : 274 – 281 .
   Google Scholar
• Stiles , FG. 1975 . Ecology, flowering phenology and hummingbirds pollination of some Costa Rican Heliconia species . Ecology , 56 ( 2 ) : 285 – 301 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stuefer , JF , During , HF and De Kroon , H. 1994 . High benefits of clonal integration in two stoloniferous species, in response to heterogeneous light environments . J Ecol , 82 ( 3 ) : 511 – 518 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Schaik , CP , Terborgh , JW and Wright , SJ. 1993 . The phenology of tropical forests: adaptative significance and consequences for primary consumers . Annu Rev Ecol Syst. , 24 ( 2 ) : 353 – 377 .
   Google Scholar
• Van Sluys , M and Stotz , DF. 1995 . Padrões de visitação a Vriesea neoglutinosa por beija-flores no Espírito Santo, sudeste do Brasil . Bromélia , 2 ( 1 ) : 27 – 35 .
   Google Scholar
• Vogel , S. 1990 . Radiación adaptativa del sindrome floral en las familias neotropicales . Bol Acad Nac Cordoba. , 59 ( 1 ) : 5 – 14 .
   Google Scholar
• Waser , NM. 1978a . Competition for hummingbird pollination and sequential flowering in two Colorado wildflowers . Ecology , 59 ( 5 ) : 934 – 944 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waser , NM. 1978b . Interspecific pollen transfer and competition between co-occurring plant species . Oecologia , 36 ( 2 ) : 223 – 236 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wendt , T , Canela , MBF , Faria , APG and Rios , RI. 2001 . Reproductive biology and natural hybridization between two endemics species of Pitcairnia (Bromeliaceae) . Am J Bot. , 88 ( 10 ) : 1760 – 1767 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolda , H. 1977 . Fluctuations in abundance of some Homoptera in a neotropical forest . Geo-Eco-Tropica , 3 ( 1 ) : 229 – 257 .
   Google Scholar
• Wolda , H. 1978 . Fluctuations in abundance of tropical insects . Am Naturalist. , 112 ( 988 ) : 1017 – 1045 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolda , H and Fisk , FW. 1981 . Seasonality of tropical insects. II. Blattaria in Panamá . J Anim Ecol. , 50 ( 3 ) : 827 – 838 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zar , JH. 1999 . Biostatistical analysis , 4th , 929 New Jersey : Prentice-Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Zimmerman , M. 1980 . Reproduction in Polemonium: competition for pollinators . Ecology , 61 ( 3 ) : 497 – 501 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zotz , G. 1999 . Vegetative propagation in an epiphytic orchid occurrence and ecological relevance . Ecotropica , 5 ( 1 ) : 65 – 68 .
   Google Scholar