An illustrated key and synopsis of the families and genera of carybdeid box jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeida), with emphasis on the “Irukandji family” (Carukiidae)

References

• Barnes , JH. 1964 . Cause and effect in Irukandji stingings . Med J Aust. , 178 : 34 – 37 .
   Google Scholar
• Bentlage , B. 2010 . Carybdea alata auct. (Cubozoa): rediscovery of the Alatina grandis type . Zootaxa , 2713 : 52 – 54 .
   Google Scholar
• Bentlage , B , Cartwright , P , Yanagihara , AA , Lewis , C , Richards , GS and Collins , AG. 2010 . Evolution of box jellyfish (Cnidaria: Cubozoa), a group of highly toxic invertebrates . Proc R Soc B. , 277 : 493 – 501 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calder , DR. 2009 . Cubozoan and scyphozoan jellyfishes of the Carolinian biogeographic province, southeastern USA , Ontario , , Canada : Royal Ontario Museum .
   Google Scholar
• Coates , MM. 2003 . Visual ecology and functional morphology of Cubozoa (Cnidaria) . Int Comp Biol. , 43 : 542 – 548 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins , AG. 2009 . Recent insights into cnidarian phylogeny . Smithson. Contrib. Mar. Sci. , 38 : 140 – 149 .
   Google Scholar
• Collins , AG , Bentlage , B , Gillan , W , Lynn , TH , Morandini , AC and Marques , AC. 2011 . Naming the Bonaire banded box jelly, Tamoya ohboya, n . sp. (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeida: Tamoyidae). Zootaxa , 2753 : 53 – 68 .
   Google Scholar
• Collins , AG , Schuchert , P , Marques , AC , Jankowski , T , Medina , M and Schierwater , B. 2006 . Medusozoan phylogeny and character evolution clarified by new large and small subunit rDNA data and an assessment of the utility of phylogenetic mixture models . Syst Biol. , 55 : 97 – 115 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daly , M , Brugler , MR , Cartwright , P , Collins , AG , Dawson , MN , France , CS , McFadden , CS , Opresko , DM , Rodriguez , E , Romano , S and Stake , J. 2007 . The phylum Cnidaria: a review of phylogenetic patterns and diversity three hundred years after Linnaeus . Zootaxa , 1668 : 127 – 182 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gegenbaur , C. 1857 . Versuch eines Systems der Medusen, mit Beschreibung neuer oder wenig gekannter Formen; zugleich ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Fauna des Mittelmeeres . Z Wiss Zool. , 8 : 202 – 273 .
   Google Scholar
• Gershwin , L. 2005a . Carybdea alata auct. and Manokia stiasnyi, reclassification to a new family with description of a new genus and two new species . Mem Queensl Mus. , 52 : 501 – 523 .
   Google Scholar
• Gershwin , L. 2005b . Two new species of jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeida) from tropical Western Australia, presumed to cause Irukandji Syndrome . Zootaxa , 1084 : 1 – 30 .
   Google Scholar
• Gershwin , L. 2006 . Comments on Chiropsalmus (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Chirodropida): a preliminary revision of the Chiropsalmidae, with descriptions of two new genera and two new species . Zootaxa , 1231 : 1 – 42 .
   Google Scholar
• Gershwin , L. 2007 . Malo kingi: a new species of Irukandji jellyfish (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeida), possibly lethal to humans, from Queensland, Australia . Zootaxa , 1659 : 55 – 68 .
   Google Scholar
• Gershwin , L. 2008 . Morbakka fenneri, a new genus and species of Irukandji jellyfish . Mem Queensl Mus. , 54 : 23 – 33 .
   Google Scholar
• Gershwin , L and Alderslade , P. 2005 . A new genus and species of box jellyfish (Cubozoa: Carybdeidae [sic]) from tropical Australian waters . The Beagle: Rec North Territ Mus Arts Sci. , 21 : 27 – 36 .
   Google Scholar
• Gershwin , L and Gibbons , MJ . 2009 . Carybea branchi, sp. nov., a new box jellyfish (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) from South Africa. Zootaxa 2088 , : 41 – 50 .
   Google Scholar
• Gershwin , L , De Nardi , M , Winkel , KD and Fenner , PJ. 2010 . Marine stingers: review of an under-recognized global coastal management issue . Coast Manage. , 38 : 22 – 41 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haeckel , E. 1880 . System der Acraspeden - Zweite Hälfte des Systems der Medusen , Jena , , Germany : Denkschriften der Medizinisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena .
   Google Scholar
• Hartwick , RF. 1991 . Observations on the anatomy, behaviour, reproduction and life cycle of the cubozoan . Carybdea sivickisi. Hydrobiologia , 216/217 : 171 – 179 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iwama , Y. 2001 . Kurage sono maryoku to kaikata , [in Japanese] : Tokyo: Kyodo Publishers Ltd .
   Google Scholar
• Kishinouye , K. 1891a . Zwei neue Medusen von . Charybdea (Ch. brevipedalia n. sp., Ch. latigenitalia n. sp.). Dobutsugaku Zasshi. 3:437–440 [in Japanese with German diagnoses]. ,
   Google Scholar
• Kishinouye , K. 1891b . Hikurage . Dobutsugaku Zasshi. , 3 : 508 – 509 . [in Japanese]
   Google Scholar
• Kishinouye , K. 1910 . Some medusae of Japanese waters . J Coll Sci Imp Univ Tokyo. , 27 : 9 article
   Google Scholar
• Kramp , PL. 1961 . Synopsis of the medusae of the world . J Mar Biol Assoc UK , 40 : 1 – 469 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kubota , S. 1998 . Faunal list of Coelenterata collected from Tanabe Bay and its vicinities. Order Cubomedusae (Phylum Cnidaria, Class Cubozoa) . Ann Rep Seto Mar Biol Lab. , 11 : 33 – 34 .
   Google Scholar
• Lesson , RP. 1843 . “ Historie naturelle des zoophytes ” . In Acalèphes , Paris , , France : Encyclopédique de Roret .
   Google Scholar
• Lewis , C , Kubota , S , Migotto , AE and Collins , AG. 2008 . Sexually dimorphic cubomedusa Carybdea sivickisi (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) in Seto, Wakayama, Japan . Publ Seto Mar Biol Lab. , 40 : 1 – 8 .
   Google Scholar
• Lewis , C and Long , TAF. 2005 . Courtship and reproduction in Carybdea sivickisi (Cnidaria: Cubozoa) . Mar Biol. , 147 : 477 – 483 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Light , SF . 1921 . Further notes on Philippine scyphomedusan jellyfishes. Philipp. J. Sci. , 18 : 25 – 47 .
   Google Scholar
• Marques , AC and Morandini , AC . 1997 . Chiropsalmus quadrumanus (Cnidaria, Cubozoa) from Brazil . In Congresso Latino-americano sobre Ciências do Mar, VII, Santos , II : 136 – 138 . Pinto MM. 1997. Cnidome ofResumos ExpandidosvolSantos, IO-USP, ALICMAR
   Google Scholar
• Mayer , AG. 1910 . “ Medusae of the World ” . In Vol III , Washington , , DC (USA) : Carnegie Institution of Washington The Scyphomedusae .
   Google Scholar
• Mayer , AG. 1915 . Medusae of the Philippines and Torres Straits. Being a report on the Scyphomedusae collected by the U.S. Fisheries Bureau steamer “Albatross” in the Philippine Islands and Malay Archipelago, 1907–1910, and upon the medusae collected by the expedition of the Carnergie Institution of Washington to Torres Straits, in 1913 . Pap Tortugas Lab Carnegie Inst Wash. , 8 : 157 – 202 .
   Google Scholar
• Mayer , AG. 1917 . Report upon the Scyphomedusae collected by the U . S. Bureau of Fisheries Steamer “Albatross” in the Philippine and Malay Archipelago. Bull US Natl Mus. , 100 : 175 – 233 .
   Google Scholar
• Migotto , AE , Marques , AC and Morandini , AC . 2002 . Checklist of the Cnidaria Medusozoa of Brazil . Biota Neotrop. , 2 : 1 – 31 . da Silveira FL
   Google Scholar
• Moore , S. 1988 . A new species of cubomedusan (Cubozoa: Cnidaria) from Northern Australia . The Beagle: Rec North Territ Mus Arts Sci. , 5 : 1 – 4 .
   Google Scholar
• Orellana , ER and Collins , AG. 2011 . First report of the box jellyfish Tripedalia cystophora (Cubozoa: Tripedaliidae) in the continental USA, from Lake Wyman, Boca Raton, Florida . Mar Biodiv Rec. , 4 : e54
   Google Scholar
• Reynaud , M. 1830 . Carybdea alata n. sp. In: Centurie Zoologique. Lesson RP . Paris (France): Levrault; p. , 95 : 33
   Google Scholar
• Southcott , RV. 1967 . Revision of some Carybdeidae (Scyphozoa: Cubomedusae), including a description of the jellyfish responsible for the “Irukandji syndrome” . Aust J Zool. , 15 : 651 – 671 .
   Google Scholar
• Straehler-Pohl , I and Jarms , G. 2005 . Life cycle of Carybdea marsupialis appears to be a modified strobila . Mar Biol. , 147 : 1271 – 1277 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Straehler-Pohl , I and Jarms , G. 2011 . Morphology and life cycle of Carybdea morandinii, sp. nov. (Cnidaria), a cubozoan with zooxanthellae and peculiar polyp anatomy . Zootaxa , 2755 : 36 – 56 .
   Google Scholar
• Uchida , T. 1929 . Studies on the Stauromedusae and Cubomedusae, with special reference to their metamorphosis . Jap. J. Zool. , 2 : 103 – 193 .
   Google Scholar
• Uchida , T. 1947 . Some medusae from the central Pacific. J Fac Sci Hokkaido Univ. 6. , 9 : 297 – 319 .
   Google Scholar
• Uchida , T. 1954 . Distribution of Scyphomedusae in Japanese and its adjacent waters . J Fac Sci Tokyo Univ , 6 ( 12 ) : 209 – 219 .
   Google Scholar
• Uchida , T. 1970 . Revision of Japanese Cubomedusae . Publ Seto Mar Biol Lab. , 17 : 289 – 297 .
   Google Scholar
• Williamson , JA , Fenner , PJ , Burnett , JW and Rifkin , J. 1996 . Venomous and poisonous marine animals: a medical and biological handbook , Sydney , , Australia : Surf Life Saving Australia and University of New South Wales Press Ltd .
   Google Scholar
• Winkel , KD , Hawdon , GM , Fenner , PJ , Gershwin , L , Collins , AG and Tibbals , J. 2003 . Jellyfish antivenoms: past, present, and future . J Toxicol. , 22 : 115 – 127 .
   Google Scholar
• Werner , B. 1973 . Spermatozeugmen und Paarungsverhalten bei Tripedalia cystophora (Cubomedusae) . Mar Biol. , 18 : 212 – 217 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamaguchi , M. 1982 . Cubozoans and their life histories . Kaiyou to Seibutsu. , 4 : 248 – 254 .
   Google Scholar
• Yamasu , T and Yoshida , M. 1976 . Fine structure of complex ocelli of a cubomedusan, Tamoya bursaria Haeckel . Cell Tiss Res. , 70 : 325 – 339 .
   Google Scholar