202
Views
24
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review Article

Peninsular patterns in biological diversity: historical arrangement, methodological approaches and causal processes

Pages 2701-2732 | Received 03 Mar 2013, Accepted 14 May 2014, Published online: 17 Jun 2014

References

  • Andrén H. 1994. Effects of habitat fragmentation on birds and mammals in landscapes with different proportions of suitable habitat: a review. Oikos. 71:355–366.
  • Andrianjakarivelo V, Razafimahatratra E, Razafindrakoto Y, Goodman SM. 2005. The terrestrial small mammals of the Parc National de Masoala, northeastern Madagascar. Acta Theriol. 50:537–549.
  • Arrigoni Jr JF 2003. Structural variation in Maya Forest anuran communities [Internet]. [cited 2007 Jul]. Available from: http www.mayamon.org/downloads/struct_var.arrigoni2003b.pdf
  • Australian Heritage Commission Act. 1999. Areas of conservation significance on Cape York [Internet]. [cited 2007 Jul]. Available from: http://www.environment.gov.au/states/cyp_on_line/reports/lup/cons_ch1.html
  • Auth DL. 1989. Amphibians and reptilian density in Florida counties. Gainesville Herpetol Soc Newsl. 5:7–14.
  • Baquero RA, Tellería JL. 2001. Species richness. rarity and endemicity of European mammals: a biogeographical approach. Biodiv Conserv. 10:29–44.
  • Barbosa A, Benzal J. 1996. Diversity and abundance of small mammals in Iberia: peninsular effect or habitat suitability? Z Saugetierkd. 61:236–241.
  • Bardi A, Fraticelli F, Petrella S, editors. 1996. Ecosistema Italia. Attenzione WWF. 3:1–13.
  • Battisti C. 2003. Habitat fragmentation, fauna and ecological network planning: toward a theoretical conceptual framework. Ital J Zool. 70:241–247.
  • Battisti C, Cignini B, Contoli L. 1997. Geographical peninsular effects on the trophic system “Tyto alba-micromammals” in Salento (Italy). Hystrix. 9:13–22.
  • Battisti C, Contoli L. 1995. La componente di ricchezza della diversità avifaunistica in Italia: una sintesi cartografica. Ric Biol Selvaggina. 96:1–13.
  • Battisti C, Contoli L. 1997. Sulla componente di ricchezza della diversità avifaunistica in Italia: peninsularità ed insularità. Riv Ital Ornitol. 67:113–126.
  • Battisti C, Contoli L. 1999. Mean range of the species, bird richness and ecogeographical factors: data from Italian peninsula and islands. Avocetta. 23:48–57.
  • Battisti C, Testi A. 2001. Peninsular patterns of breeding landbird richness in Italy: on the role of climatic, orographic and vegetational factors. Avocetta. 25:289–297.
  • Battisti C, Testi A. 2003. Patterns of landbird species composition in Italy: a chorological approach focusing on trends and contra-trends along the peninsula. J Medit Ecol. 4:5–21.
  • Baz A, Garcia-Boyero A. 1995. The effects of forest fragmentation on butterfly communities in central Spain. J Biogeogr. 22:129–140.
  • Bennett AF 1999. Linkages in the landscapes – The role of corridors and connectivity in wildlife conservation Gland and Cambridge (MA): IUCN.
  • Blondel J. 1979. Biogéographie et écologie. Collection d’Ecologie 15. Masson ed. Paris: Masson.
  • Bolger DT, Scott TA, Rotenberry JT. 2001. Use of corridor-like landscape structures by bird and small mammal species. Biol Conserv. 102:213–224.
  • Bonsdorff E. 2006. Zoobenthic diversity-gradients in the Baltic Sea: continuous post-glacial succession in a stressed ecosystem. J Exp Mar Biol. 330:383–391.
  • Brown JH. 1984. On the relationship between abundance and distribution of species. Am Nat. 124:255–279.
  • Brown JH. 1988. Species diversity In: Myers AA and Giller PS editors. Analytical biogeography an integrated approach to the study of animal and plant distributions. London and New York (NY): Chapman and Hall; p. 57–89.
  • Brown JW. 1987. The peninsular effect in Baja California: an entomological assessment. J Biogeogr. 14:359–365.
  • Brown JW, Donahae JP. 1989. The Sphingidae (Lepidoptera) of Baja California, Mexico. J Lepid Soc. 43:184–209.
  • Brown JW, Opler PA. 1990. Patterns of butterfly species density in peninsular Florida. J Biogeogr. 17:615–622.
  • Burkey TV. 1989. Extinction in nature reserves: the effect of fragmentation and the importance of migration between reserve fragments. Ecography. 55:75–81.
  • Busack SD, Hedges SB. 1984. Is the peninsular effect a red herring? Am Nat. 123:266–275.
  • Cagnin M, Moreno S, Aloise G, Garofalo G, Villafuerte R, Gaona P, Cristaldi M. 1998. Comparative study of Spanish and Italianterrestrial small mammal coenoses from different biotopes in Mediterranean peninsular tip regions. J Biogeogr. 25:1105–1113.
  • Carrascal LM, Díaz L. 2003. Asociación entre distribución continental y regional. Análisis con la avifauna forestal y de medios arbolados de la península Ibérica. Graellsia. 59:179–207.
  • Cho K-H, Cho D-S, Hong S-K 2001. Landscape ecological functions of mountain ridges between a bioreserve and its neighboring forest in the Kwangnung area, Korea. International Association of Landscape Ecology 2001 Congress [cited 2007 Jul]. Available from http://leml.asu.edu/iale2001/iale2001_program.pdf
  • Choi S-W. 2004. Trends in butterfly species richness in response to the peninsular effect in South Korea. J Biogeogr. 31:587–592.
  • Contoli L. 2000. Rodents of Italy: species richness maps and Formae Italiae. Hystrix. 11:39–46.
  • Contoli L, Battisti C. 2012. Devolution and evolution in the policy of biodiversity conservation in Italy: central or local approach? Rendiconti Lincei. 23:321–326.
  • Contoli L, Battisti C, Buscemi A. 2000. On the morphology of Suncus etruscus (Mammalia, Soricidae): a negative relation between size and temperature. Ital J Zool. 67:329–332.
  • Contoli L, Penko D. 1996. Sulla componente di ricchezza specifica nella diversità dei roditori del territorio italiano. Ric Biol Selvaggina. 99:1–22.
  • Contoli L, Salucci MP, Vigna Taglianti A. 1985. Per una biogeografia dei sistemi trofici: il sistema “micromammiferi terragnoli-Tyto alba” nell’Italia peninsulare e nelle isole maggiori. Biogeographia. 11:211–231.
  • Cook RE. 1969. Variation in species density of North American birds. Syst Zool. 18:63–84.
  • Covas R, Blondel J. 1998. Biogeography and history of the Mediterranean bird fauna. Ibis. 140:395–407.
  • Crooks KR, Sanjayan M. 2006. Connectivity conservation. Conservation Biology Series 14, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Debinski DM, Holt RD. 2000. A survey and overview of habitat fragmentation experiments. Conserv Biol. 14:342–355.
  • Defeo O, McLachlan A. 2013. Global patterns in sandy beach macrofauna: species richness, abundance, biomass and body size. Geomorphology. 199:106–114.
  • di Caporiacco L. 1950. Le specie e sottospecie del genere Euscorpius viventi in Italia ed in alcune zone confinanti. Mem Soc Lin. 8:159–230.
  • Diamond JM. 1975. The island dilemma: lessons of modern biogeographic studies for the design of natural reserves. Am Nat. 7:129–145.
  • Diamond JM, May RM. 1976. Island biogeography and the design of natural reserves. In: May RM editors. Theoretical ecology principles and applications. Philadelphia (PA): Saunders Co; p. 163–186.
  • Dornelas M, Soykan CU, Ugland KI. 2011. Biodiversity and disturbance. In: Magurran A, McGill BJ editors. Biological diversity. Frontiers in measurements and assessments. Oxford: Oxford University press; p. 237–251.
  • Due AD, Polis GA. 1986. Trends in scorpion diversity along the Baja California peninsula. Am Nat. 128:460–468.
  • Duellman WE, Schwartz A. 1958. Amphibians and reptiles of southern Florida. Bull Fla State Mus Biol Sci. 3:181–324.
  • Enge KM 1997. Habitat occurrence of Florida’s native amphibians and reptiles. Florida Game and Fresh Water Commission technical report. 16:1–44.
  • Engstrom RT 1993. Avian community in Florida habitats: analysis and review. Nongame Wildlife Program Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission, Tallahassee, Florida.
  • Fahrig L. 1997. Relative effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on population extinction. J Wildl Manag. 61:603–610.
  • Fautin DG, Malarky L, Sobeòn J. 2013. Latitudinal diversity of sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actinaria). Biol Bull. 224:89–98.
  • Feoli E, Lagonegro M. 1982. Syntaxonomical analysis of beech woods in the Apennines (Italy) using the program package IAHOPA. Vegetatio. 50:129–173.
  • Fischer AG. 1960. Latitudinal variations in organic diversity. Evolution. 14:64–81.
  • France R. 1992. The North American latitudinal gradient in species richness and geographical range of freshwater crayfish and amphipods. Am Nat. 139:342–354.
  • Frelich LE, Reich PB. 1999. Minireviews: neighborhood effects, disturbance severity, and community stability in forests. Ecosystems. 2:151–166.
  • Galarza A, Tellería JL. 2003. Linking processes: effects of migratory routes on the distribution of abundance of wintering passerines. Anim Biodiv Conserv. 26:19–27.
  • Garcia-Ocejo A, Gurrea P. 1995. Los crisomelidos (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) de la Sierra de Guadarrama (Espana Central). Analisi biogeografica. Bol Asoc Espaň Entomol. 19:51–68.
  • Gilpin ME. 1981. Peninsular diversity patterns. Am Nat. 118:291–296.
  • Haila Y, Järvinen O, Raivio S. 1987. Quantitative versus qualitative distribution patterns of birds in the western Palearctic taiga. Ann Zool Fenn. 24:179–194.
  • Harris LD, Silva-Lopez G. 1992. Forest fragmentation and the conservation of biological diversity. In: Fiedler PL, Jain SK editors. Conservation biology. New York (NY): Chapman and Hall; p. 197–237.
  • Harrison S, Hohn C, Ratay S. 2002. Distribution of exotic plants along roads in a peninsular nature reserve. Biol Invas. 4:425–430.
  • Hawkins BA. 2008. Recent progress toward understanding the global diversity gradient. IBS Newsletter. 6:5–8.
  • Hobbs RJ, Huenneke LF. 1992. Disturbance, diversity and invasion: implications for conservation. Conserv Biol. 6:324–337.
  • Hundertmark KJ, Johns PE, Smith MH. 1992. Genetic diversity of Moose from the Kenai Peninsula Alaska. Alces. 28:15–20.
  • Jenkins DG, Rinne D. 2008. Red herring or low illumination? The peninsula effect revisited. J Biogeogr. 35:2128–2137.
  • Johnson RA, Ward PS. 2002. Biogeography and endemism of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Baja California, Mexico: a first overview. J Biogeogr. 29:1009–1026.
  • Kiester AR. 1971. Species density of North American amphibians and reptiles. Syst Zool. 20:127–137.
  • Kocher SD, Williams EM. 2000. The diversity and abundance of North American butterflies vary with habitat disturbance and geography. J Biogeogr. 27:785–794.
  • Koleff P, Lennon JJ, Gaston KJ. 2003. Are there latitudinal gradients in species turnover? Global Ecol Biogeogr. 12:483–498.
  • Kremen C, Razafimahatratra V, Guillery RP, Rakotomalala J, Weiss A, Ratsisompatrarivo J-S. 1999. Designing the Masoala National Park in Madagascar based on biological and socioeconomic data. Conserv Biol. 13:1055–1068.
  • Kwon T-S, Kim S-S, Choi S-W. 2013. Testing of divergent patterns of butterfly niche breadth in a peninsula. Entomol Res. 43:108–114.
  • Lambshoad PJD 2002. Seafloor meiofauna in potential mining areas: current state of knowledge, possible impact of exploitation, data parameters to be standardised and gaps in knowledge [Internet]. [cited 2007 Jul]. Avilable from: http://www.isa.org.jm/en/seabedarea/standWShop/Book/chapter16.pdf
  • Laurance WF, Yensen E. 1991. Predicting the impacts of edge effects in fragmented habitats. Biol Conserv. 55:77–92.
  • Lawlor TE. 1983. The peninsular effect on mammalian species diversity in Baja California. Am Nat. 121:432–439.
  • Layne JN. 1984. The land mammals of South Florida In: Gleason PJ, editors. Environments of South Florida, present and past. Coral Gables (FL): Miami Geol. Survey; p. 269–296.
  • Lebreton P, Ledant J-P. 1980. Remarques d’ordre biogéographique et écologique sur l’avifauna méditerranéenne. Vie Milieu (Life and Environment). 30:195–208.
  • Lee JC 1980. An ecogeographic analysis of the herpetofauna of the Yucatàn peninsula. Misc. Publ. Univ. Kansas Mus Nat Hist. 67.
  • Lee JC 1993. Geographic variation in size and shape of neotropical frogs: a precipitation gradient analysis. Occasional papers Mus Nat Hist, Kansas Univ, Lawrence, Kansas. 163:1–20.
  • Lindenmayer DB, Fisher J. 2006. Habitat fragmentation and landscape change. An ecological and conservation synthesis. Washington (DC): Island Press.
  • Lobinske RJ, Ali A, Stout IJ. 1996. Qualitative and quantitative studies on Chironomidae (Diptera) and selected physico-chemical parameters in two tributaries of the Wekiva River, Central Florida. FLA Entomol. 79:531.
  • MacArthur RH. 1964. Environmental factors affecting bird species diversity. Am Nat. 98:387–397.
  • MacArthur RH, Wilson EO. 1967. The theory of island biogeography. Princeton (NJ): Princeton University Press.
  • Machtans CS, Villard M-A, Hannon SJ. 1996. Use of riparian buffer strips as movement corridors by forest birds. Conserv Biol. 10:1366–1379.
  • Magurran A. 2004. Measuring biological diversity. Malden (MA): Blackwell Publishing.
  • Maher DS. 1992. Florida panther (Felis concolor coryi) In: Humphrey SR, editors. Rare and endangered biota of Florida, Vol. I Mammals (ed. by S.R.). Gainesville (FL): University Press of Florida; p. 176–189.
  • Maiorano L, Falcucci A, Boitani L. 2006. Gap analysis of terrestrial vertebrates in Italy: Priorities for conservation planning in a human dominated landscape. Biol Conserv. 133:455–473.
  • Margules CR, Pressey RL. 2000. Systematic conservation planning. Nature. 405:243–253.
  • Martin J, Gurrea P. 1990. The peninsular effect in iberian butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea). J Biogeogr. 17:85–96.
  • Massa B. 1982. Il gradiente faunistico nella penisola italiana e nelle isole. Atti Soc ital Sci Nat, Mus civ Stor Nat, Milano. 123:353–374.
  • Massa B. 1993. Gli uccelli della fauna italiana. Atti Conv Lincei. 86:79–86.
  • McCain CM. 2003. North American desert rodents: a test of the mid-domain effect in species richness. J Mammal. 84:967–980.
  • Means DB, Simberloff D. 1987. The peninsula effect: habitat-correlated species decline in Florida’s herpetofauna. J Biogeogr. 14:551–568.
  • Meerow AW, Gideon M, Kuhn DN, Motamayor JC, Nakamura K. 2007. Genetic structure and gene flow among South Florida populations of Iris hexagona walt. (Iridaceae) assessed with 19 microsatellite DNA loci. Int J Plant Sci. 168:1291–1309.
  • Milne BT, Forman RTT. 1986. Peninsulas in Maine: woody plant diversity, distance, and environmental patterns. Ecology. 67:967–974.
  • Miloslavich P, Cruz-Motta JJ, Klein E, Iken K, Weinberger V, Konar B, Trott T, Pohle G, Bigatti G, Benedetti-Cecchi L, et al. 2013. Large-scale spatial distribution patters on gastropod assemblages in rocky shores. Plos One. 8:e71396.
  • Mittelbach GG, Schemske DW, Cornell HV, Allen AP, Brown JM, Bush MB, Harrison SP, Hurlbert AH, Knowlton N, Lessios HA, et al. 2007. Evolution and the latitudinal diversity gradient: speciation, extinction and biogeography. Ecol Lett. 10:315–331.
  • Murphy RW. 1983. Paleobiogeography and genetic differentiation of the Baja California herpetofauna. Occas Pap Calif Acad Sci. 137:1–48.
  • Murphy RW. 1990. Plat tectonics, peninsular effects, and the borderlands: herpetofauna of Western North America [Internet]. In: Ganster P, Walter H editors. Environmental hazards and bioresource management in the United States-Mexico borderlands. Los Angeles (CA): UCLA Latin American Center Publications, University of California; [cited 2007 Jul]. Available from: http://www.200.utoronto.ca/drbob/PDFs/%20of%20papers/
  • Muss BJ, Dahlstrőm P. 1971. Guia de los peces de mar del Atlàntico y del Mediterràneo. Barcelona: Ediciones Omega.
  • Neves RAF, Echeverria CA, Pessoa LA, Paiva PC, Paranhos R, Valentin JL. 2013. Factors influencing spatial patterns of molluscs in a eutrophic tropical bay. J Mar Biol Ass UK. 93:577–589.
  • Newton I, Dale LC. 1996. Bird migration at different latitudes in Eastern North America. Auk. 113:626–635.
  • Oberdorff T, Hugueny B, Guegan J-F. 1997. Is there an influence of historical events on contemporary fish species richness in rivers? Comparisons between Western Europe and North America. J Biogeogr. 24:461–467.
  • Peck SB, Larivee M, Browne J. 2005. Biogeography of ground beetles of Florida (Coleoptera: Carabidae): the peninsula effect and beyond. Ann Entomol Soc Am. 98:951–959.
  • Petraitis PS, Latham RE, Niesenbaum RA. 1989. The maintenance of species diversity by disturbance. Quart Rev Biol. 64:393–418.
  • Pianka ER. 1966. Latitudinal gradients in species diversity: a review of concepts. Am Nat. 100:33–46.
  • Pickett STA, Kolasa J, Armesto JJ, Collins SL. 1989. The ecological concept of disturbance and its expression at various hierarchical levels. Oikos. 54:129–136.
  • Pickett STA, White PS editors. 1984. The ecology of natural disturbance and patch dynamics. New York (NY): Academic Press.
  • Pressey RL, Bottrill MC. 2009. Approaches to landscape- and seascape-scale conservation planning: convergence, contrasts, and challenges. Oryx. 43:464–475.
  • Pressey RL, Cabeza M, Watts ME, Cowling RM, Wilson KA. 2007. Conservation planning in a changing world. Trends Ecol Evol. 22:583–592.
  • Preston FW. 1962. The canonical distribution of commonness and rarity: Part I. Ecology. 43:185–215; 410–432.
  • Pullin AS, Stewart GB. 2006. Guidelines for systematic review in conservation and environmental management. Conserv Biol. 20:1647–1656.
  • Purroy FJ. 1988. A report about wintering birds in the Iberian Peninsula. Sitta. 2:59–69.
  • Racheli T, Zilli A. 1985. Modelli di distribuzione dei Lepidotteri nell’Italia meridionale. Biogeographia. 11:165–194.
  • Raivio S. 1988. The peninsular effect and habitat structure: bird communities in coniferous forests of the Hanko Peninsula, southern Finland. Ornis Fennica. 65:129–145.
  • Rapoport EH. 1982. Areography – geographical strategies of species. New York (NY): Pergamon.
  • Rapoport EH. 1994. Remarks on marine and continental biogeography: an areographical viewpoint. Philos T Roy Soc B: Biol Sci. 343:71–78.
  • Riddle BR, Hafner DJ, Alexander LF, Jaeger JR, Jaeger JR. 2000. Cryptic vicariance in the historical assembly of a Baja California Peninsular Desert biota. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA. 97:14438–14443.
  • Riffell S, Keas B, Burton T. 2011. Peninsula effects on birds in a coastal landscape: are coves more species rich than lobes? Landscape Online. 29:1–15.
  • Robertson Jr WB 1955. An analysis of breeding bird populations of tropical Florida in relation to the vegetation [PhD dissertation]. Urbana (IL): University of Illinois.
  • Robertson Jr WB, Kushlan JA. 1974. The southern Florida avifauna. Miami Geol Soc Mem. 2:414–452.
  • Robinson WD, Brawn JD, Robinson SK. 2000. Forest bird community structure in Central Panama: influence of spatial scale and biogeography. Ecol Monogr. 70:209–235.
  • Rohwer SA, Woolfenden GE. 1969. Breeding birds of two Florida woodlands: comparisons with areas north of Florida. Condor. 71:38–48.
  • Rosenzweig ML. 1992. Species diversity gradients: we know more and less than we thought. J Mammal. 73:715–730.
  • Rousseau D-D, Keen DH. 2008. Malacological records from the Upper Pleistocene at Portelet (Jersey, Channel Islands): comparisons with western and central Europe. Boreas. 18:61–66.
  • Ruffo S, Stoch F, editors. 2005. Check-list e distribuzione della fauna Italiana. 10.000 specie terrestri e delle acque interne. Mem Mus civ St Nat Verona, serie 2, Sez. Scienze della Vita. 16:1–307.
  • Sagarin RD, Gaines SD. 2002. The ‘abundant centre’ distribution: to what extent is it a biogeographic rule? Ecol Lett. 5:137–147.
  • Saunders DA, Hobbs RJ, Margules CR. 1991. Biological consequences of ecosystem fragmentation: a review. Conserv Biol. 5:18–32.
  • Schall JJ, Pianka ER. 1977. Species density of reptiles and amphibians of the Iberian Peninsula. Doňana Acta Vert. 4:27–34.
  • Schall JJ, Pianka ER. 1978. Geographical trends in numbers of species. Science. 201:679–686.
  • Schrödl M, Bohn JM, Brenke N, Rolán E, Schwabe E. 2011. Abundance, diversity and latitudinal gradients of southeastern Atlantic and Antarctic abyssal gastropods. Deep-Sea Res II: Topic Stud Oceanogr. 58:49–57.
  • Schwartz MW. 1988. Species diversity patterns in woody flora on three North American peninsulas. J Biogeogr. 15:759–774.
  • Schwartz MK, Scott Mills L, McKelvey KS, Ruggiero LF, Allendorf FW. 2002. DNA reveals high dispersal synchronizing the population dynamics of Canada lynx. Nature. 415:520–522.
  • Seib RL. 1980. Baja California: a Peninsula for rodents but not for reptiles. Am Nat. 115:613–620.
  • Silva JMC. 1996. Distribution of Amazonian and Atlantic birds in gallery forests of the Cerrado region, South America. Ornitol Neotrop. 7:1–18.
  • Simberloff DS. 1988. The contribution of population and community biology to conservation science. Ann Rev Ecol Syst. 19:473–511.
  • Simberloff DS, Abele LG. 1976. Island biogeography theory and conservation practice. Science. 191:285–286.
  • Simberloff DS, Abele LG. 1982. Refuge design and island biogeographic theory: effects of fragmentation. Am Nat. 120:41–50.
  • Simpson GG. 1964. Species density of North American recent mammals. Syst Zool. 13:57–73.
  • Slud P. 1976. Geographic and climatic relationship of avifaunas with special reference to comparative distribution in the neotropics. Smithson Contrib Zool. 122:1–149.
  • Sosa-Escalante J, Sánchez-Cordero V, Hernández Betancourt S. 1997. Diversity and distribution of terrestrial mammals at the N-E region of the Yucatan peninsula, Mexico. Abstract VII Int. Ther. Congr., Acapulco. 6–11.IX.1997: 333.
  • Soulé ME, Orians GH. 2001. Conservation biology research: its challenges and contexts In: Soulé ME, Orians GH, editors. Conservation biology. Research priorities for the next decade. Society for Conservation Biology. Washington (DC): Island Press; p. 271–285.
  • Sousa WP. 1984. The role of disturbance in natural communities. Ann Rev Ecol Syst. 15:353–391.
  • Spellerberg IF, Sawyer JW. 1999. An introduction to applied biogeography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Stoch F, Vigna Taglianti A. 2005. I corotipi della fauna italiana. In: Ruffo S, Stoch F, editors. Checklist e distribuzione della fauna italiana Mem. Mus. civico St. Nat. Verona, 2 serie, Sez Scienze della Vita. 16:77–78.
  • Tackaberry R, Kellman M. 1996. Patterns of tree species richness along peninsular extensions of tropical forests. Glob Ecol Biogeogr Lett. 5:85–90.
  • Taylor RJ. 1987. The geometry of colonization: 2. Peninsulas. Oikos. 48:232–237.
  • Taylor RJ, Pfannmuller LA. 1981. A test of the peninsular effect on species diversity. Canad Field-Nat. 95:144–148.
  • Taylor RJ, Regal PJ. 1978. The peninsular effect on species diversity and the biogeography of Baja California. Am Nat. 112:583–593.
  • Taylor RJ, Regal PJ. 1980. Reply to seib. Am Nat. 115:621–622.
  • Telleria JL, Santos T. 1993. Distributional patterns of insectivorous passerines in the Iberian Forests: does abundance decrease near the border? J Biogeogr. 20:235–240.
  • Tellería JL, Santos T. 1994. Factors involved in the distribution of forest birds in the Iberian Peninsula. Bird Study. 41:161–169.
  • Tews J, Brose U, Grimm V, Tielbörger K, Wichmann MC, Schwager M, Jeltsch F. 2004. Animal species diversity driven by habitat heterogeneity/diversity: the importance of keystone structures. J Biogeogr. 31:79–92.
  • Thiollay J-M. 1998. Distribution patterns and insular biogeography of South Asian raptor communities. J Biogeogr. 25:57–72.
  • Tramer EJ. 1974. On latitudinal gradients in avian diversity. Condor. 76:123–130. 10.2307/1366721
  • Tubelis D. 2005a. Patch-matrix interactions and bird species conservation in a plantation-dominated landscape in Australia [Ph D thesis]. Canberra (ACT): Australian National University.
  • Tubelis D. 2005b. The peninsula effect on bird species in native eucalypt forests in a wood production landscape in Australia Abstract 19th meeting Soc. Conserv. Biol., July 15–19; Brasilia.
  • UCL – Univ. Catholique de Lavain 1999. Biogeography of birds in France. Birds species richness – Ecophysiographical factors determining bird species distributions [Internet]. Facultè de Sciences, Dep. De Biologie, Unitè d’ecologie et biogeographie, Lauvain-la-Neuve, Belgie-Belgique [cited 2007 Jul]. Available from: http://www.biol.ucl.ac.be/ecol/bof/CA3.HTM,CA5.HTMandP59.HTM
  • Van Riper III C. 1982. Censuses and breeding observations of the birds on Kohala mountain Hawaii. Wilson Bull. 94:463–476.
  • Vargas JM, Real R, Guerrero JC. 1998. Biogeographical regions of the Iberian peninsula based on freshwater fish and amphibian distributions. Ecography. 21:371–382. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0587.1998.tb00402.x
  • Wallace AR. 1876. The geographical distribution of animals. London: Macmilliam.
  • Wamer WA 1978. Avian diversity and habitat in Florida: analysis of a peninsular diversity gradient’ [Master’s thesis]. Tallahassee (FL): Florida State University.
  • Watling JI, Donnelly MA. 2006. Fragments as islands: a synthesis of faunal responses to habitat patchiness. Conserv Biol. 20:1016–1025.
  • Whittaker RH. 1977. Evolution of species diversity in land communities In: Hecht MK, Steere WC and Wallace B editors. Evolutionary biology. New York (NY): Plenum Press; 10:1–67.
  • Wiens JJ, Donoghue MJ. 2004. Historical biogeography, ecology and species richness. Trend Ecol Evol. 19:639–644. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2004.09.011
  • Wiggins DA. 1999. The peninsula effect on species diversity: a reassessment of the avifauna of Baja California. Ecography. 22:542–547. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0587.1999.tb01284.x
  • Willig MR, Kaufman DM, Stevens RD. 2003. Latitudinal gradients of Biodiversity: pattern, process, scale, and synthesis. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst. 34:273–309. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.34.012103.144032
  • Winemiller KO. 1983. An introduction to the freshwater fish communities of Corcovado national park, Costa Rica. Brenesia. 21:47–66.
  • Zangheri S 1968. Attuali conoscenze della Lepidotterofauna italiana Atti VII Congr Naz Entomol Verona:62–112.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.