499
Views
32
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Who are the ‘Aculifera’?

The shell-eyes of the chiton Acanthopleura granulata (Mollusca, Polyplacophora) use pheomelanin as a screening pigment

, &
Pages 2899-2911 | Received 15 Nov 2013, Accepted 25 Aug 2014, Published online: 15 Oct 2014

References

  • Adal M, Morton B. 1973. The fine structure of the pallial eyes of Laternula truncata (Bivalvia: Anomalodesmata: Pandoracea). J Zool. 170:533–556. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1973.tb05068.x
  • Arnoult L, Su KF, Manoel D, Minervino C, Magrina J, Gompel N, Prud’homme B. 2013. Emergence and diversification of fly pigmentation through evolution of a gene regulatory module. Sci. 339:1423–1426. doi:10.1126/science.1233749
  • Baxter J, Jones A, Sturrock M. 1987. The infrastructure of aesthetes in Tonicella marmorea (Polyplacophora; Ischnochitonina) and a new functional hypothesis. J Zool. 211:589–604. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1987.tb04473.x
  • Baxter JM, Sturrock MG, Jones AM. 1990. The structure of the intrapigmented aesthetes and the properiostracum layer in Callochiton achatinus (Mollusca, Polyplacophora). J Zool. 220:447–468. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1990.tb04318.x
  • Borovansky J, Riley PA. 2011. Melanins and melanosomes: biosynthesis, biogenesis, physiological and pathological functions. Weinheim: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Boyle PR. 1969. Fine structure of the eyes of Onithochiton neglectus (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Z Zellforsch Mikrosk Anat. 102:313–332. doi:10.1007/BF00335443
  • Boyle PR. 1972. The aesthetes of chitons. 1. Role in the light response of whole animals. Mar Behav Physiol. 1:171–184. doi:10.1080/10236247209386896
  • Braasch I, Schartl M, Volff J-N. 2007. Evolution of pigment synthesis pathways by gene and genome duplication in fish. BMC Evol Biol. 7. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-74
  • Croll NA, Evans AAF, Smith JM. 1975. Comparative nematode photoreceptors. Comp Biochem Physiol. 51A:139–143. doi:10.1016/0300-9629(75)90426-0
  • d’Ischia M, Wakamatsu K, Napolitano A, Briganti S, Garcia-Borron J-C, Kovacs D, Meredith P, Pezzella A, Picardo M, Sarna T, et al. 2013. Melanins and melanogenesis: methods, standards, protocols. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 26:616–633. doi:10.1111/pcmr.12121
  • del Marmol V, Beermann F. 1996. Tyrosinase and related proteins in mammalian pigmentation. FEBS Lett. 381:165–168. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(96)00109-3
  • Eakin RM, Brandenburger JL. 1975. Understanding a snail’s eye at a snail’s pace. Am Zool. 15:851–863.
  • Eakin RM, Brandenburger JL. 1982. Pinocytosis in eyes of a snail, Helix aspersa. J Ultrastruct Res. 80:214–229. doi:10.1016/S0022-5320(82)90020-X
  • Eakin RM, Westfall JA. 1962. Fine structure of photoreceptors in the hydromedusan, Polyorchis penicillatus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 48:826–833. doi:10.1073/pnas.48.5.826
  • Fernandez CZ, Vendrasco MJ, Runnegar B. 2007. Aesthete canal morphology in twelve species of chiton (Polyplacophora). Veliger. 49:51–69.
  • Fischer FP. 1978. Photoreceptor cells in chiton aesthetes. Spixiana. 1:209–213.
  • Galván I, Ghanem G, Møller AP. 2012. Has removal of excess cysteine led to the evolution of pheomelanin? BioEssays. 34:565–568. doi:10.1002/bies.201200017
  • Haas W, Kriesten K. 1978. Aesthetes with intrapigmental eye in the shell of Chiton marmoratus L. (Mollusca, Placophora). Zoomorphologie. 90:253–268. doi:10.1007/BF01007694
  • Hase S, Wakamatsu K, Fujimoto K, Inaba A, Kobayashi K, Matsumoto M, Hoshi M, Negishi S. 2006. Characterization of the pigment produced by the planarian, Dugesia ryukyuensis. Pigment Cell Res. 19:248–249. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0749.2006.00306.x
  • Hermans CO, Eakin RM. 1974. Fine structure of the eyes of an alciopid polychaete, Vanadis tagensis (Annelida). Zeitschrift für Morphologie der Tiere. 79:245–267.
  • Hoekstra H. 2006. Genetics, development and evolution of adaptive pigmentation in vertebrates. Heredity. 97:222–234. doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800861
  • Hyman LH. 1967. The invertebrates: Mollusca I. New York (NY): McGraw-Hill.
  • Kozmik Z, Ruzickova J, Jonasova K, Matsumoto Y, Vopalensky P, Kozmikova I, Strnad H, Kawamura S, Piatigorsky J, Paces V, Vlcek, C. 2008. Assembly of the cnidarian camera-type eye from vertebrate-like components. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 105:8989–8993. doi:10.1073/pnas.0800388105
  • Land MF, Nilsson D-E. 2012. Animal eyes. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • McGraw KJ. 2005. The antioxidant function of many animal pigments: are there consistent health benefits of sexually selected colourants? Anim Behav. 69:757–764. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2004.06.022
  • Moseley HN. 1885. On the presence of eyes in the shells of certain Chitonidae, and on the structure of these organs. Quart J Micr Sci. 25:37–60.
  • Nagai K, Yano M, Morimoto K, Miyamoto H. 2007. Tyrosinase localization in mollusc shells. Comp Biochem Physiol. 146:207–214. doi:10.1016/j.cbpb.2006.10.105
  • Naraoka T, Uchisawa H, Mori H, Matsue H, Chiba S, Kimura A. 2003. Purification, characterization and molecular cloning of tyrosinase from the cephalopod mollusk, Illex argentinus. Eur J Biochem. 270:4026–4038. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1033.2003.03795.x
  • Nilsson D-E. 2013. Eye evolution and its functional basis. Vis Neurosci. 30:5–20. doi:10.1017/S0952523813000035
  • Nilsson D-E, Arendt D. 2008. Eye evolution: the blurry beginning. Curr Biol. 18:R1096–R1098. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.10.025
  • Nowikoff M. 1907. Über die Rückensinnesorgane der Placophoren nebst einigen Bemerkungen über die Schale derselben. Z Wiss Zool. 88:154–186.
  • Okusu A, Schwabe E, Eernisse DJ, Giribet G. 2003. Towards a phylogeny of chitons (Mollusca, Polyplacophora) based on combined analysis of five molecular loci. Org Divers Evol. 3:281–302. doi:10.1078/1439-6092-00085
  • Panzella L, Manini P, Monfrecola G, d’Ischia M, Napolitano A. 2007. An easy-to-run method for routine analysis of eumelanin and pheomelanin in pigmented tissues. Pigment Cell Res. 20:128–133. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0749.2006.00359.x
  • Porcar M, Bel Y, Socha R, Němec V, Ferré J. 1996. Identification of pteridines in the firebug, Pyrrhocoris apterus (L.) (Heteroptera, Pyrrhocoridae) by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A. 724:193–197. doi:10.1016/0021-9673(95)00932-9
  • Puchalski SS, Eernisse DJ, Johnson CC. 2008. The effect of sampling bias on the fossil record of chitons (Mollusca, Polyplacophora). Am Malacol Bull. 25:87–95. doi:10.4003/0740-2783-25.1.87
  • Riley P. 1997. Molecules in focus: melanin. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 29:1235–1239. doi:10.1016/S1357-2725(97)00013-7
  • Riou M, Christidès J-P. 2010. Cryptic color change in a crab spider (Misumena vatia): identification and quantification of precursors and ommochrome pigments by HPLC. J Chem Ecol. 36:412–423. doi:10.1007/s10886-010-9765-7
  • Samokhvalov A, Hong L, Liu Y, Garguilo J, Nemanich RJ, Edwards GS, Simon JD. 2005. Oxidation potentials of human eumelanosomes and pheomelanosomes. Photochem Photobiol. 81:145–148. doi:10.1562/2004-07-23-RC-245.1
  • Sato S, Yamamoto H. 2001. Development of pigment cells in the brain of ascidian tadpole larvae: insights into the origins of vertebrate pigment cells. Pigment Cell Res. 14:428–436. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0749.2001.140602.x
  • Sigwart JD, Stoger I, Knebelsberger T, Schwabe E. 2013. Chiton phylogeny (Mollusca : Polyplacophora) and the placement of the enigmatic species Choriplax grayi (H. Adams & Angas). Invert Syst. 27:603–621.
  • Sirenko B. 2006. New outlook on the system of chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora). Venus. 65:27–49.
  • Speiser DI, Eernisse DJ, Johnsen S. 2011. A chiton uses aragonite lenses to form images. Curr Biol. 21:665–670. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2011.03.033
  • Sturrock MG, Baxter JM. 1993. The ultrastructure of the aesthetes of Leptochiton asellus (Polyplacophora: Lepidopleurina). J Zool. 230:49–61. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1993.tb02671.x
  • Sugumaran M. 2002. Comparative biochemistry of eumelanogenesis and the protective roles of phenoloxidase and melanin in insects. Pigment Cell Res. 15:2–9. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0749.2002.00056.x
  • Takeuchi K, Satoul Y, Yamamoto H, Satoh N. 2005. A genome-wide survey of genes for enzymes involved in pigment synthesis in an ascidian, Ciona intestinalis. Zool Sci. 22:723–734. doi:10.2108/zsj.22.723
  • Vendrasco MJ, Fernandez CZ, Eernisse DJ, Runnegar B. 2008. Aesthete canal morphology in the Mopaliidae (Polyplacophora). Am Malacol Bull. 25:51–69. doi:10.4003/0740-2783-25.1.51
  • Vopalensky P, Kozmik Z. 2009. Eye evolution: common use and independent recruitment of genetic components. Phil Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 364:2819–2832.
  • Vopalensky P, Pergner J, Liegertova M, Benito-Gutierrez E, Arendt D, Kozmik Z. 2012. Molecular analysis of the amphioxus frontal eye unravels the evolutionary origin of the retina and pigment cells of the vertebrate eye. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 109:15383–15388. doi:10.1073/pnas.1207580109
  • Weber C. 1981. Structure, histochemistry, ontogenetic development, and regeneration of the ocellus of Cladonema radiatum Dujardin (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Anthomedusae). J Morphol. 167:313–331. doi:10.1002/jmor.1051670306
  • Wittkopp PJ, Carroll SB, Kopp A. 2003. Evolution in black and white: genetic control of pigment patterns in Drosophila. Trends Genet. 19:495–504. doi:10.1016/S0168-9525(03)00194-X
  • Ziegler I. 2003. The pteridine pathway in zebrafish: regulation and specification during the determination of neural crest cell-fate. Pigment Cell Res. 16:172–182. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0749.2003.00044.x

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.