Overinclusive Thinking and Schizophrenia

References

• Berg , E. 1948 . A simple objective technique for measuring flexibility in thinking . Journal of General Psychology , 39 : 15 – 22 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blaufarb , H. 1962 . A demonstration of verbal abstracting ability in chronic schizophrenics under enriched stimulus and instructional conditions . Journal of Consulting Psychology , 26 : 471 – 475 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brodsky , M. 1963 . Interpersonal stimuli as interference in a sorting task . Journal of Personality , 31 : 518 – 533 .
   Google Scholar
• Brodsky , M. 1968 . Sorting decrement in schizophrenia as a function of social climate . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 24 : 162 – 165 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Buss , A. H. and Lang , P. J. 1965 . Psychological deficit in schizophrenia: I. Affect, reinforcement, and concept attainment . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 70 : 2 – 24 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cameron , N. 1938 . Reasoning, regression, and communication in schizophrenia . Psychological Monographs , 50 : 1 – 33 . (a)
   Google Scholar
• Cameron , N. 1938 . A study of thinking in senile deterioration and schizophrenic disorganization . American Journal of Psychology , 51 : 650 – 664 . (b)
   Google Scholar
• Cameron , N. 1939 . Deterioration and regression in schizophrenic thinking . Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , 34 : 265 – 270 . (a)
   Google Scholar
• Cameron , N. 1939 . Schizophrenic thinking in a problem-solving situation . Journal of Mental Science , 85 : 1012 – 1035 . (b)
   Google Scholar
• Cameron , N. 1946 . “ Experimental analysis of schizophrenic thinking ” . In Language and thought in schizophrenia , Edited by: Kasanin , J. S. Berkeley : Univ. Calif. Press .
   Google Scholar
• Cavanaugh , D. K. 1958 . Improvement in the performance of schizophrenics on concept formation tasks as a function of motivational change . Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , 57 : 8 – 12 .
   Google Scholar
• Chapman , L. J. 1956 . Distractability in the conceptual performance of schizophrencis . Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , 53 : 286 – 291 . (a)
   Google Scholar
• Chapman , L. J. 1956 . The role of type of distractor in the “concrete” conceptual performance of schizoprenics . Journal of Personality , 25 : 130 – 141 . (b)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chapman , L. J. 1959 . Intrusion of associative responses into schizophrenic conceptual performance . Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , 56 : 374 – 379 .
   Google Scholar
• Chapman , L. J. 1960 . Confusion of figurative and literal usages of words by schizophrenics and brain-damaged patients . Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , 60 : 412 – 416 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapman , L. J. 1961 . A reinterpretation of some psychological disturbances in conceptual breadth . Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , 62 : 514 – 519 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chapman , L. J. and Chapman , J. P. 1965 . Interpretation of words in schizophrenia . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 1 : 135 – 146 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapman , L. J. and Knowles , R. R. 1964 . The effects of phenothiazine on disordered thought in schizophrenia . Journal of Consulting Psychology , 28 : 165 – 169 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chapman , L. J. and Taylor , J. A. 1957 . Breadth of deviate concepts used by schizophrenics . Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , 54 : 118 – 123 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craig , R. J. 1969 . Overinclusive thinking and performance behavior of chronic schizophrenics under competition , Illinois Institute of Technology . Unpublished doctoral dissertation
   Google Scholar
• Desai , M. M. 1960 . Intelligence and verbal knowledge in relation to Epstein's overinclusion test . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 16 : 417 – 419 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Downing , R. W. , Shubrooks , S. S. and Ebert , J. N. 1966 . Intrusion of associative distractors into conceptual performance: Role of associative strength . Perceptual and Motor Skills , 22 : 460 – 462 .
   Google Scholar
• Eliseo , T. S. 1963 . Overinclusive thinking in process and reactive schizophrenics . Journal of Consulting Psychology , 27 : 447 – 449 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Epstein , S. 1953 . Overinclusive thinking in a schizophrenic and a control group . Journal of Consulting Psychology , 17 : 384 – 388 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Feldman , M. J. and Drasgow , J. A. 1951 . A visual-verbal test for schizophrenia . Psychiatric Quarterly Supplement , : 1 – 10 .
   Google Scholar
• Foulds , G. A. , Hope , K. , McPherson , F. M. and Mayo , P. R. 1967 . Cognitive disorder among the schizophrenias. I. The validity of some tests of thought process disorder . British Journal of Psychiatry , 113 : 1361 – 1368 . (a)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foulds , G. A. , Hope , K. , McPherson , F. M. and Mayo , P. R. 1967 . Cognitive disorder among the schizo-### phrenias. II. Differences between the sub-categories . British Journal of Psychiatry , 113 : 1369 – 1374 . (b)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Foulds , G. A. , Hope , K. , McPherson , F. M. and Mayo , P. R. 1968 . Paranoid delusions, retardation and overinclusive thinking . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 24 : 177 – 178 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fuhrmann , D. E. Effects of drive and reward upon concept formation in schizophrenia . Proceedings of the 76th Annual Convention . pp. 511 – 512 . American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Gathercole , C. E. 1965 . A note on some tests of “overinclusive thinking” . British Journal of Medical Psychology , 38 : 59 – 62 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goldstein , K. 1939 . The significance of special mental tests for diagnosis and prognosis in schizophrenia . American Journal of Psychiatry , 96 : 575 – 588 .
   Google Scholar
• Goldstein , K. 1946 . “ Methodological appraisal to the study of schizophrenic thought disorder ” . In Language and thought in schizophrenia , Edited by: Kasanin , J. S. Berkeley : Univ. Calif. Press .
   Google Scholar
• Goldstein , K. 1959 . Concerning the concreteness in schizophrenia . Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , 59 : 146 – 148 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldstein , K. and Scheerer , M. 1941 . Abstract and concrete behavior: An experimental study with special tests . Psychological Monographs , 53 ( 2 ) : 1 – 151 .
   Google Scholar
• Goldstein , R. H. and Salzman , L. F. 1965 . Proverb word counts as a measure of overinclusiveness in delusional schizophrenics . Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , 70 : 244 – 245 .
   Google Scholar
• Hamlin , R. M. , Haywood , H. C. and Folsom , A. T. 1965 . Effect of enriched output in schizophrenic abstraction . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 70 : 390 – 394 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hamlin , R. M. and Jones , R. E. 1963 . Vocabulary deficit in improved and unimproved schizophrenic subjects . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 136 : 360 – 364 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hammer , A. G. and Johnson , L. 1965 . Over-inclusiveness in schizophrenia and organic psychosis . British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 4 : 47 – 51 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hanfmann , E. 1939 . Thought disturbances in schizophrenia as revealed by performance in a Picture Completion Test . Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , 34 : 249 – 264 . (a)
   Google Scholar
• Hanfmann , E. 1939 . A qualitative analysis of the Healy pictorial completion test. II . American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , 9 : 325 – 330 . (b)
   Google Scholar
• Hanfmann , E. 1939 . Analysis of the thinking disorder in a case of schizophrenia . Archives of Neurological Psychiatry , 41 : 568 – 579 . (c)
   Google Scholar
• Hawks , D. V. 1964 . The clinical usefulness of some tests of overinclusive thinking in psychiatric patients . British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 3 : 186 – 195 .
   Google Scholar
• Hawks , D. V. 1967 . Overinclusive thought disorder in psychotic patients , Queen's University Library . Unpublished doctoral dissertation
   Google Scholar
• Hunt , J. M. and Cofer , C. N. 1944 . “ Psychological deficit ” . In Personality and the behavior disorders , Edited by: Hunt , J. M. Vol. II , New York : Ronald Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kasanin , J. S. and Hanfmann , E. 1938 . An experimental study of concept formation in schizophrenia . American Journal of Psychiatry , 95 : 35 – 52 . (a)
   Google Scholar
• Kasanin , J. S. and Hanfmann , E. 1938 . Disturbance in concept formation in schizophrenia . Archives of Neurological Psychiatry , 40 : 1276 – 1282 . (b)
   Google Scholar
• Kreitler , H. and Kreitler , S. 1967 . The dependence of over-inclusion in schizophrenia on concrete material . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 23 : 322 – 326 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kugelmass , S. and Fondeur , M. R. 1955 . Zaslow's test of concept formation: Reliability and validity . Journal of Consulting Psychology , 19 : 227 – 229 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lang , P. J. 1959 . The effect of aversive stimuli on reaction time in schizophrenics . Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , 59 : 263 – 268 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine , G. 1965 . Queens Village, Jamaica, New York : Creedmore State Hospital . Personal communication
   Google Scholar
• Lewinsohn , P. M. and Riggs , A. 1962 . The effect of content upon the thinking of acute and chronic schizophrenics . Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , 65 : 206 – 208 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lloyd , D. N. 1967 . Overinclusive thinking and delusions in schizophrenic patients: A critique . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 72 : 451 – 453 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lorr , M. , O'Connor , J. P. and Stafford , J. W. 1960 . The psychotic reaction profile . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 16 : 241 – 245 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lothrop , W. W. 1961 . A critical review of the conceptual thinking of schizophrenics . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 132 : 118 – 126 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McGaughran , L. S. 1954 . Predicting language behavior from object sorting . Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , 49 : 183 – 195 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGaughran , L. S. and Moran , L. J. 1956 . “Conceptual level” vs. “conceptual area” analysis of object sorting behavior of schizophrenic and nonpsychiatric groups . Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , 52 : 43 – 50 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGaughran , L. S. and Moran , L. J. 1957 . Differences between schizophrenics and brain-damaged groups in conceptual aspects of object sorting . Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , 54 : 44 – 49 .
   Google Scholar
• Meichenbaum , D. H. 1966 . Effects of social reinforcement on the level of abstraction in schizophrenics . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 71 : 354 – 362 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nichols , J. 1964 . Overinclusion under unstructured conditions . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 20 : 422 – 429 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Norlan , J. D. 1968 . Reversal and extradimensional shifts in abstract and concrete schizophrenics . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 73 : 330 – 335 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Payne , R. W. 1961 . “ Cognitive abnormalities ” . In Handbook of abnormal psychology , Edited by: Eysenck , H. J. New York : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Payne , R. W. 1962 . An object classification test as a measure of overinclusive thinking in schizophrenic patients . British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 1 : 213 – 221 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Payne , R. W. 1966 . “ The measurement and significance of overinclusive thinking in schizophrenic patients ” . In Psychopathology of schizophrenia , Edited by: Hoch , P. J. and Zubin , J. New York : Grune & Stratton .
   Google Scholar
• Payne , R. W. , Ancevieh , S. S. and Laverty , S. G. 1963 . Overinclusive thinking in symptom-free schizophrenics . Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal , 8 : 225 – 234 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Payne , R. W. and Caird , W. K. 1967 . Reaction time, distractibility, and overinclusive thinking in psychotics . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 72 : 112 – 121 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Payne , R. W. , Caird , W. K. and Laverty , S. G. 1964 . Over-inclusive thinking and delusions in schizophrenic patients . Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , 68 : 562 – 566 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Payne , R. W. and Friedlander , D. A. 1962 . A short battery of simple tests for measuring overinclusive thinking . Journal of Mental Science , 108 : 362 – 367 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Payne , R. W. , Friedlander , D. , Laverty , S. G. and Haden , P. 1963 . Overinclusive thought disorder in chronic schizophrenics and its response to “proketazine” . British Journal of Psychiatry , 109 : 523 – 530 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Payne , R. W. and Hewlett , J. H. G. 1960 . “ Thought disorder in psychotic patients ” . In Experiments in personality , Edited by: Eysenck , H. J. Vol. II , London : Routledge and Kegan Paul .
   Google Scholar
• Payne , R. W. and Hirst , H. L. 1957 . Overinclusive thinking in a depressive and a control group . Journal of Consulting Psychology , 21 : 186 – 188 .
   Google Scholar
• Payne , R. W. , Matussek , P. and George , E. I. 1959 . An experimental study of schizophrenic though disorder . Journal of Mental Science , 105 : 627 – 652 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Price , R. H. 1968 . Analysis of task requirements in schizophrenic concept-identification performance . Journal of Abnormal Psychology , 73 : 285 – 293 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rabin , A. I. and King , G. F. 1958 . “ Psychological studies ” . In Schizophrenia: A review of the syndrome , Edited by: Bellak , L. New York : Logos Press .
   Google Scholar
• Rashkes , H. A. 1947 . Three types of thinking disorder . Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease , 106 : 650 – 670 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rashkes , H. A. , Cushman , T. F. and Landis , C. 1946 . A new method for studying disorders of conceptual thinking . Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , 41 : 70 – 74 .
   Google Scholar
• Reed , J. L. 1968 . The proverbs test in schizophrenia . British Journal of Psychiatry , 114 : 317 – 321 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stacey , C. D. and Cantor , G. 1953 . The use of Zaslow's test of concept formation on a group of sub-normals . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 9 : 51 – 53 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sturm , I. E. 1965 . Overinclusion and concreteness among pathological groups . Journal of Consulting Psychology , 29 : 9 – 18 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Usdansky , G. and Chapman , L. J. 1960 . Schizophrenic-like responses to normal subjects under time pressure . Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , 60 : 143 – 146 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson , C. G. 1967 . Relationship between certain personality variables and overinclusion . Journal of Clinical Psychology , 23 : 327 – 330 . (a)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Watson , C. G. 1967 . Interrelationships of six overinclusive measures . Journal of Consulting Psychology , 31 : 517 – 520 . (b)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Webb , W. W. 1955 . Conceptual ability of schizophrenics as a function of threat of failure . Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , 50 : 221 – 224 .
   Google Scholar
• Wexler , F. 1955 . The influence of emotional and non-emotional content upon conceptual thinking in schizophrenia . Dissertation Abstracts , 15 : 1260
   Google Scholar
• Whiteman , M. 1954 . The performance of schizophrenics on social concepts . Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , 49 : 266 – 271 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whittier , J. R. , Klein , D. F. , Levine , G. and Weiss , D. 1960 . Clinical trial with placebo control and psychological study . Psychopharmacology , 1 : 280 – 287 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zaslow , R. W. 1950 . A new approach to the problems of conceptual thinking in schizophrenia . Journal of Consulting Psychology , 14 : 335 – 339 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar