2,871
Views
60
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
SPECIAL SECTION: Clinical Applications of the Adult Attachment Projective

The Adult Attachment Projective Picture System: Integrating Attachment Into Clinical Assessment

&
Pages 407-416 | Received 25 Mar 2010, Published online: 22 Aug 2011

References

  • Aikins , J. W. , Howes , C. and Hamilton , C. 2009 . Attachment stability and the emergence of unresolved representations during adolescence . Attachment and Human Development , 11 : 491 – 512 . doi:10.1080/14616730903017019
  • Ainsworth , M. D. S. 1964 . Patterns of attachment behavior shown by the infant in interaction with his mother . Merrill Palmer Quarterly , 10 : 51 – 58 .
  • Ainsworth , M. D. S. 1989 . Attachment beyond infancy . American Psychologist , 44 : 709 – 716 .
  • Ainsworth , M. D. S. , Blehar , M. , Waters , E. and Wall , S. 1978 . Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the Strange Situation , Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Allen , J. P. 2008 . “ The attachment system in adolescence ” . In Handbook of attachment: Theory, research and clinical applications , 2nd ed , Edited by: Cassidy , J. and Shaver , P. R. 419 – 435 . New York, NY : Guilford .
  • Bakermans-Kranenburg , M. J. and van IJzendoorn , M. H. 1993 . A psychometric study of the Adult Attachment Interview: Reliability and discriminant validity . Developmental Psychology , 29 : 870 – 879 . doi:10.1037/0012–1649.29.5. 870
  • Bakermans-Kranenburg , M. and van IJzendoorn , M. 1997 . Sensitivity and attachment: A meta-analysis of parental antecedents of attachment . Child Development , 68 : 571 – 591 .
  • Bakermans-Kranenburg , M. J. and van IJzendoorn , M. H. 2009 . The first 10,000 Adult Attachment Interviews: Distributions of adult attachment representations in clinical and non-clinical groups . Attachment and Human Development , 11 : 223 – 263 . doi:10.1080/14616730902814762
  • Bakermans-Kranenburg , M. J. , van IJzendoorn , M. H. and Juffer , F. 2003 . Less is more: Meta-analyses of sensitivity and attachment interventions in early childhood . Psychological Bulletin , 129 : 195
  • Bakermans-Kranenburg , M. J. , van IJzendoorn , M. H. and Juffer , F. 2005 . Disorganized infant attachment and preventive interventions: A review and meta-analysis . Infant Mental Health Journal , 26 : 191 – 216 .
  • Bartholomew , K. and Horowitz , I. M. 1999 . Attachment style among young adults: A test of a category model . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 61 : 236 – 244 .
  • Béliveau , M.-J. and Moss , E. 2005 . Contribution aux validités convergente et divergente du projectif de l’attachement adulte [Contribution to the convergent and divergent validity of the Adult Attachment Projective] . La Revue Internationale de l’Éducation Familiale , 9 : 29 – 50 .
  • Benoit , M. , Bouthillier , D. , Moss , E. , Rousseau , C. and Brunet , A. 2010 . Emotion regulation strategies as mediators of the association between level of attachment security and PTSD symptoms following trauma in adulthood . Anxiety, Stress and Coping , 23 : 101 – 118 . doi:10.1080/10615800802638279
  • Blake , D. D. , Weathers , F. W. , Nagy , L. M. , Kaloupek , D. G. , Charney , D. S. and Keane , T. M. 1996 . Clinician-administered PTSD scale for DSM–IV: Revision of measure described in (1995) The development of a clinician-administered PTSD scale . Journal of Traumatic Stress , 8 : 75 – 90 .
  • Blatt , S. J. and Levy , K. N. 2003 . Attachment theory, psychoanalysis, personality development, and psychopathology . Psychoanalytic Inquiry , 23 : 102 – 150 .
  • Bowlby , J. 1973 . Attachment and loss: Vol. 2. Separation: Anxiety and anger. , New York, NY : Basic Books .
  • Bowlby , J. 1980 . Attachment and loss: Vol. 3. Loss: Sadness and depression. , New York, NY : Basic Books .
  • Bowlby , J. 1982 . Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Attachment. , New York, NY : Basic Books. (Original work published 1969) .
  • Bowlby , J. 1988 . A secure base. , New York, NY : Basic Books .
  • Bretherton , I. 2005 . In pursuit of the internal working model construct and its relevance to attachment relationships In K. E. Grossmann, K. Grossmann, & E. Waters (Eds.), Attachment from infancy to adulthood: The major longitudinal studies (pp. 13–47). New York, NY: Guilford
  • Bretherton , I. and Munholland , K. A. 2008 . Internal working models in attachment relationships In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (2nd ed., pp. 102–127). New York, NY: Guilford
  • Bretherton , I. , Ridgeway , D. and Cassidy , J. 1990 . “ Assessing internal working models of the attachment relationship: An attachment story completion task for 3-year-olds ” . In Attachment in the preschool years , Edited by: Greenberg , M. T. , Cicchetti , D. and Cummings , E. M. 273 – 308 . Chicago, IL : University of Chicago Press .
  • Bruhn , A. R. 1992 . The Early Memories Procedure: A projective test of autobiographical memory, part 1 . Journal of Personality Assessment , 58 : 1 – 15 .
  • Buchheim , A. and Benecke , C. 2007 . Mimisch-affektives Verhalten bei Patientinnen mit Angststörungen während des Adult Attachment Interviews: Eine Pilotstudie [Affective facial behavior of patients with anxiety disorders during the Adult Attachment Interview: A pilot study] . Psychotherapeutic and Psychological Medicine , 57 : 1 – 5 .
  • Buchheim , A. , Erk , S. , George , C. , Kächele , H. , Kircher , T. , Martius , P. and … Walter , H. 2008 . Neural correlates of attachment dysregulation in borderline personality disorder using functional magnetic resonance imaging . Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging , 163 : 223 – 235 .
  • Buchheim , A. , Erk , S. , George , C. , Kaechele , H. , Ruchsow , M. , Spitzer , M. and … Walter , H. 2006 . Measuring attachment representation in an fMRI environment: A pilot study . Psychopathology , 39 : 144 – 152 .
  • Buchheim , A. and George , C. 2011 . “ The representational, neurobiological and emotional foundation of attachment disorganization in borderline personality disorder and anxiety disorder ” . In Disorganization of attachment and caregiving , Edited by: Solomon , J. and George , C. 343 – 382 . New York, NY : Guilford .
  • Buchheim , A. , George , C. and Kächele , H. 2008 . “My dog is dying today”: Attachment narratives and psychoanalytic interpretation of an initial interview ” . In Attachment and sexuality , Edited by: Diamond , D. , Blatt , S. J. and Lichtenberg , J. D. 161 – 178 . Hillsdale, NJ : Analytic Press .
  • Buchheim , A. , George , C. , Liebl , V. , Moser , A. and Benecke , C. 2007 . Mimische Affektivität von Patientinnen mit einer Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung während des Adult Attachment Projective [Affective facial behavior of borderline patients during the Adult Attachment Projective] . Zeitschrift für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie , 53 : 339 – 354 .
  • Buchheim , A. , Heinrichs , M. , George , C. , Pokorny , D. , Koops , E. , Henningsen , P. and … Gündel , H. 2009 . Oxytocin enhances the experience of attachment security . Psychoneuroendochronology , 34 : 1417 – 1422 .
  • Carlson , E. A. 1998 . A prospective longitudinal study of attachmentdisorganization/disorientation . Child Development , 69 : 1107 – 1129 .
  • Cassidy , J. and Kobak , R. R . 1998 . Avoidance and its relation to other defensive processes In J. Belsky & T. Nezworski (Eds.), Clinical implications of attachment (pp. 300–323). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Cassidy , J. and Marvin , R. S. 1987–1992 . “ with the MacArthur Attachment Working Group ” . In Attachment organization in preschool children: Coding guidelines. , Charlottesville : Unpublished manuscript, University of Virginia .
  • Cassidy , J. and Shaver , P. R. 2008 . Handbook of attachment: Theory, research and clinical applications , New York, NY : Guilford .
  • Coan , J. A. 2008 . “ Toward a neuroscience of attachment ” . In Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications , 2nd ed , Edited by: Cassidy , J. and Shaver , P. R. 241 – 265 . New York, NY : Guilford .
  • Crowell , J. , Fraley , R. C. and Shaver , P. R. 2008 . “ Measurement of individual differences in adolescent and adult attachment ” . In Handbook of attachment: Theory, research and clinical application , 2nd ed , Edited by: Cassidy , J. and Shaver , P. R. 599 – 634 . New York, NY : Guilford .
  • de Haas , M. A. , Bakermans-Kranenburg , M. J. and van IJzendoorn , M. H. 1994 . The Adult Attachment Interview and questionnaires for attachment style, temperament, and memories of parental behavior . The Journal of Genetic Psychology: Research and Theory on Human Development , 155 : 471 – 486 .
  • Diamond , D. 2004 . Attachment disorganization: The reunion of attachment theory and psychoanalysis . Psychoanalytic Psychology , 21 : 276 – 299 .
  • Finn , S. E. 2007 . In our client's shoes: Theory and techniques of therapeutic assessment. , New York, NY : Psychology Press .
  • Finn , S. E. 2011/this issue . Use of the Adult Attachment Projective Picture System (AAP) in the middle of a long-term psychotherapy . Journal of Personality Assessment , 93 : 427 – 433 .
  • Fraedrich , E. M. , Lakatos , K. and Spangler , G. 2010 . “ Brain activity during emotion perception: The role of attachment representation ” . In Attachment and Human Development Vol. 12 , 231 – 248 . doi:10.1080/14616731003759724
  • George , C. , Kaplan , N. and Main , M. 1984/1985/1996 . The Adult Attachment Interview. , Berkeley : University of California, Berkeley .
  • George , C. and Solomon , J. 1989 . Internal working models of caregiving and security of attachment at age six . Infant Mental Health Journal , 10 : 222 – 237 .
  • George , C. and Solomon , J. 2008 . “ The caregiving system: A behavioral systems approach to parenting ” . In Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications , 2nd ed , Edited by: Cassidy , J. and Shaver , P. R. 833 – 856 . New York, NY : Guilford .
  • George , C. and West , M. 2001 . The development and preliminary validation of a new measure of adult attachment: The Adult Attachment Projective . Attachment and Human Development , 3 : 30 – 61 .
  • George , C. and West , M. in press . The Adult Attachment Projective Picture System , New York, NY : Guilford .
  • George , C. , West , M. and Pettem , O. 1999 . “ The Adult Attachment Projective: Disorganization of adult attachment at the level of representation ” . In Attachment disorganization , Edited by: Solomon , J. and George , C. 462 – 507 . New York, NY : Guilford .
  • Hazan , C. and Shaver , P. R. 1987 . Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 52 : 511 – 524 .
  • Hesse , E. 2008 . “ The Adult Attachment Interview: Protocol, methods of analysis, and empirical studies ” . In Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications , 2nd ed , Edited by: Cassidy , J. and Shaver , P. R. 552 – 598 . New York, NY : Guilford .
  • Hesse , E. and Main , M. 2006 . Frightened, threatening, and dissociative parental behavior in low-risk samples: Description, discussion, and interpretations . Development and Psychopathology , 18 : 309 – 343 .
  • Isaacs , M. , George , C. and Marvin , R. S. 2009 . Utilizing attachment measures in custody evaluations: Incremental validity . Journal of Child Custody , 6 : 139 – 162 .
  • Kissgen , R. , Krischer , M. , Kummetat , V. , Spiess , R. , Schleiffer , R. and Sevecke , K. 2009 . Attachment representation in mothers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder . Psychopathology , 42 : 201 – 208 . doi:10.1159/000209333
  • Klagsbrun , M. and Bowlby , J. 1976 . Responses to separation from parents: A clinical test for young children . British Journal of Projective Psychology , 21 : 7 – 21 .
  • Liotti , G. 2004 . Trauma, dissociation, and disorganized attachment: Three strands of a single braid . Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training , 41 : 472 – 486 .
  • Lis , A. , Mazzeschi , C. , Di Riso , D. and Salcuni , S. 2011/this issue . Attachment, assessment, and psychological intervention: A case study of anorexia . Journal of Personality Assessment , 93 : 434 – 444 .
  • Lyons-Ruth , K. and Jacobvitz , D. 2008 . “ Attachment disorganization: Unresolved loss, relational violence, and lapses in behavioral and attentional strategies ” . In Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications , 2nd ed , Edited by: Cassidy , J. and Shaver , P. R. 666 – 697 . New York, NY : Guilford .
  • Main , M. and Cassidy , J. 1988 . Categories of response to reunion with the parent at age 6: Predictable from infant attachment classifications and stable over a 1-month period . Developmental Psychology , 24 : 1 – 12 .
  • Main , M. and Goldwyn , R. Adult attachment scoring and classification system. , 1985 – 1994 . Berkeley : Unpublished manuscript, University of California .
  • Main , M. , Goldwyn , R. and Hesse , E. 2003 . Adult attachment scoring and classification system: Version 7.2. , Berkeley : Unpublished manuscript, University of California .
  • Main , M. and Hesse , E. 1990 . “ Parents’ unresolved traumatic experiences are related to infant disorganized attachment status: Is frightened and/or frightening parental behavior the linking mechanism? ” . In Attachment in the preschool years , Edited by: Greenberg , M. T. , Cicchetti , D. and Cummings , E. M. 161 – 182 . Chicago, IL : University of Chicago Press .
  • Main , M. and Solomon , J. 1990 . “ Procedures for identifying infants as disorganized/ disoriented during the Ainsworth Strange Situation ” . In Attachment in the preschool years , Edited by: Greenberg , M. T. , Cicchetti , D. and Cummings , E. M. 121 – 160 . Chicago, IL : University of Chicago Press .
  • Marvin , R. S. and Britner , P. 2008 . “ Normative development: The ontogeny of attachment ” . In Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications , 2nd ed , Edited by: Cassidy , J. and Shaver , P. R. 269 – 294 . New York, NY : Guilford .
  • Millon , T. 1969 . Modern psychopathology: A biosocial approach to maladaptive learning and functioning , Philadelphia, PA : W. B. Saunders .
  • Murray , H. A. 1943 . Thematic Apperception Test manual , Cambrige, MA : Harvard University Press .
  • Paulhaus , D. L. 1998 . The Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding , Toronto, ON, , Canada : Multi-Health Systems .
  • Solomon , J. and George , C. 2011a . “ The disorganized attachment-caregiving system: Dysregulation of adaptive processes at multiple levels ” . In Disorganized attachment and caregiving , Edited by: Solomon , J. and George , C. 25 – 51 . New York, NY : Guilford .
  • Solomon , J. and George , C. 2011b . “ Dysregulation of maternal caregiving across two generations ” . In Disorganization of attachment and caregiving , Edited by: Solomon , J. and George , C. 3 – 24 . New York, NY : Guilford .
  • Solomon , J. , George , C. and De Jong , A. 1995 . Children classified as controlling at age six: Evidence of disorganized representational strategies and aggression at home and at school . Development and Psychopathology , 7 : 447 – 463 .
  • Sroufe , L. A. , Egeland , B. , Carlson , E. A. and Collins , A. W. 2005 . The development of the person , New York, NY : Guilford .
  • Subic-Wrana , C. , Beetz , A. , Langenbach , M. , Paulussen , M. and Beutel , M. 2007 . Connections between unresolved attachment trauma and retrospectively remembered childhood traumatisation in psychosomatic inpatients . Journal of Psychosomatic Research , 61 : 399
  • Szajnberg , N. and George , C. 2011 . Attachment in Ethopian immigrants living in Israel: A three-year study of children and their parents , Manuscript in preparation .
  • Van Ecke , Y . 2005 . Immigration from an attachment perspective . Social Behavior and Personality , 33 : 467 – 476 .
  • Van Ecke , Y . 2006 . Unresolved attachment among immigrants: An analysis using the Adult Attachment Projective . Journal of Genetic Psychology , 167 : 433 – 442 .
  • Wallis , P. and Steele , H. 2001 . Attachment representations in adolescent: Further evidence from psychiatric residential settings . Attachment and Human Development , 3 : 259 – 268 .
  • Waters , E. and Deane , K. E. 1985 . Defining and assessing individual differences in attachment relationships: Q-methodology and the organization of behavior in infancy and early childhood . Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development , 50 : 41 – 65 . (1–2, Serial No. 209)
  • Waters , E. and Hamilton , C. E. 2000 . The stability of attachment security from infancy to adolescence and early adulthood: General introduction . Child Development , 71 : 678
  • Webster , L. and Hackett , R. K. 2007 . A comparison of unresolved and resolved status and its relationship to behavior in maltreated adolescents . School Psychology International , 28 : 265 – 278 .
  • Webster , L. , Hackett , R. K. and Joubert , D. 2009 . The association of unresolved attachment status and cognitive processes in maltreated teens . Child Abuse Review , 18 : 6 – 23 .
  • Webster , L. and Joubert , D. 2011/this issue . Use of the Adult Attachment Projective Picture System in an assessment of an adolescent in foster care . Journal of Personality Assessment , 93 : 417 – 426 .
  • Webster , L. and Knoteck , S. 2007 . Attachment in high risk populations—Implications and practice for schools . School Psychology International , 28 : 259 – 263 .
  • Wechsler , D. 1981 . The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Revised , New York, NY : Psychological Corporation .
  • Wechsler , D. and Matarazzo , J. D. 1972 . Wechsler's measurement and appraisal of adult intelligence , New York, NY : Oxford University Press .
  • Weiss , R. S. 1982 . “ Attachment in adult life ” . In The place of attachment in human behavior , Edited by: Parker , C. M. and Stevenson-Hinde , J. 171 – 184 . New York, NY : Basic Books .
  • West , M. and George , C. 2002 . Attachment and dysthymia: The contributions of preoccupied attachment and agency of self to depression in women . Attachment and Human Development , 4 : 278 – 293 .
  • West , M. and Sheldon-Keller , A. E. 1994 . Patterns of relating: An adult attachment perspective , New York, NY : Guilford .
  • Zegers , M. A. M. , Schuengel , C. , van IJzendoorn , M. H. and Janssens , J. M. A. M. 2008 . Attachment and problem behavior of adolescents during residential treatment . Attachment and Human Development , 10 : 91 – 103 . doi:10.1080/14616730701868621
  • Zeifman , D. and Hazan , C. 2008 . “ Pair bonds as attachment: Reevaluating the evidence ” . In Handbook of attachment: Theory, research and clinical applications , 2nd ed , Edited by: Cassidy , J. and Shaver , P. R. 419 – 435 . New York, NY : Guilford .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.