1,495
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Measuring the Ability to Perceive the Emotional Connotations of Written Language

, , &
Pages 332-342 | Received 06 Oct 2011, Published online: 08 Nov 2012

References

  • Akaike , H. 1987 . Factor analysis and AIC . Psychometrika , 52 : 317 – 332 . doi: 10.1007/BF02294359
  • Archer , D. and Akert , R. M. 1977 . Words and everything else: Verbal and nonverbal cues in social interpretation . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 35 : 443 – 449 . doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.35.6.443
  • Barchard , K. A. 2002, May . Three subfactors of the empathic personality Vancouver , , BC, Canada Poster presented at the Canadian Psychological Association Annual Convention
  • Barchard , K. A. 2003 . Does emotional intelligence assist in the prediction of academic success? . Educational and Psychological Measurement , 63 : 840 – 858 . doi: 10.1177/0013164403251333
  • Barchard , K. A. 2004 . Las Vegas Vocabulary Test 89154 – 5030 . Las Vegas , NV Unpublished psychological test. Available from Kimberly A. Barchard, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway [email protected]
  • Barchard , K. A. 2010, February . LEAS Wordlist 2.4 89154 – 5030 . Las Vegas , NV [Computer file] Available from Kimberly A. Barchard, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway [email protected]
  • Barchard , K. A. , Bajgar , J. , Leaf , D. E. and Lane , R. 2010 . Computer scoring of the Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale . Behavior Research Methods , 42 : 586 – 595 . doi: 10.3758/BRM.42.2.586
  • Baum , K. and Nowiski , S. Jr. 1998 . Perception of emotion: Measuring decoding accuracy of adult prosodic cues varying in intensity . Journal of Nonverbal Behavior , 22 : 89 – 108 . doi: 10.1023/A:1022954014365
  • Bentler , P. M. 1990 . Comparative fit indexes in structural models . Psychological Bulletin , 107 : 238 – 246 . doi: 10.1037//0033-2909.107.2.238
  • Brackett , M. A. and Mayer , J. D. 2003 . Convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity of competing measures of emotional intelligence . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 29 : 1147 – 1158 . doi: 10.1177/0146167203254596
  • Brackett , M. A. , Mayer , J. D. and Warner , R. M. 2004 . Emotional intelligence and its relation to everyday behaviour . Personality and Individual Differences , 36 : 1387 – 1402 . doi: 10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00236-8
  • Buck , R. 1976 . A test of nonverbal receiving ability: Preliminary studies . Human Communication Research , 2 : 162 – 171 . doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2958.1976.tb00708.x
  • Byron , K. 2007 . Male and female managers’ ability to “read” emotions: Relationships with supervisor's performance ratings and subordinates’ satisfaction ratings . Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology , 80 : 713 – 733 . doi: 10.1348/096317907×174349
  • Byron , K. 2008 . Carrying too heavy a load? The communication and miscommunication of emotion in emails . Academy of Management Review , 33 : 309 – 327 . doi: 10.5465/AMR.2008.31193163
  • Ciarrochi , J. V. , Chan , Y. C. and Caputi , P. 2000 . A critical evaluation of the emotional intelligence construct . Personality and Individual Differences , 28 : 539 – 561 . doi: 10.1016/S0191-8869(99)00119-1
  • Coney , J. and Lange , A. 2006 . Automatic and attentional processes in the comprehension of unfamiliar metaphors . Current Psychology , 25 : 93 – 119 . doi: 10.1007/s12144-006-1006-4
  • Custrini , R. J. and Feldman , R. S. 1989 . Children's social competence and nonverbal encoding and decoding of emotions . Journal of Clinical Child Psychology , 18 : 336 – 342 . doi: 10.1207/s15374424jccp1804_7
  • Davis , M. H. 1983 . Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 44 : 113 – 126 . doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.44.1.113
  • Ekman , P. and Friesen , W. V. 1974 . “ Nonverbal behavior and psychopathology ” . In The psychology of depression: Contemporary theory and research , Edited by: Friedman , R. J. and Katz , M. M. 203 – 224 . Oxford , , UK : Wiley .
  • Furman , W. and Buhrmester , D. 1985 . Children's perceptions of the personal relationships in their social networks . Developmental Psychology , 21 : 1016 – 1024 . doi: 10.1037//0012-1649.21.6.1016
  • Goldberg , L. R. 1992 . The development of markers for the Big-Five factor structure . Psychological Assessment , 4 : 26 – 42 . doi: 10.1037//1040-3590.4.1.26
  • Gorsuch , R. L. 1983 . Factor analysis , 2nd ed. , Hillsdale , NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Gregory , M. E. and Waggoner , J. E. 1996 . Factors that influence metaphor comprehension skills in adulthood . Experimental Aging Research , 22 ( 1 ) : 83 – 98 . doi: 10.1080/03610739608253999
  • Halberstadt , J. , Ruffman , T. , Murray , J. , Taumoepeau , M. and Ryan , M. 2011 . Emotion perception explains age-related differences in the perception of social gaffes . Psychology and Aging , 26 ( 1 ) : 133 – 136 . doi: 10.1037/a0021366
  • Hervé , H. F. , Hayes , P. J. and Hare , R. D. 2003 . Psychopathy and sensitivity to the emotional polarity of metaphorical statements . Personality and Individual Differences , 35 : 1497 – 1507 . doi: 10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00365-3
  • Horn , J. L. 1965 . A rationale and test for the number of factors in factor analysis . Psychometrika , 30 : 179 – 185 . doi: 10.1007/BF02289447
  • Hu , L. T. and Bentler , P. M. 1999 . Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives . Structural Equation Modeling , 6 : 1 – 55 . doi: 10.1080/10705519909540118
  • Jausovec , N. , Jausovec , K. and Gerlic , I. 2001 . Differences in event-related and induced EEG patterns in the theta and alpha frequency bands related to human emotional intelligence . Neuroscience Letters , 311 : 93 – 96 .
  • Jöreskog , K. G. and Sörbom , D. 1993 . LISREL 8 user's reference guide , Chicago , IL : Scientific Software International .
  • Katz , A. N. , Paivio , A. , Marschark , M. and Clark , J. M. 1988 . Norms for 204 literary and 260 nonliterary metaphors on 10 psychological dimensions . Metaphor and Symbolic Activity , 3 : 191 – 214 . doi: 10.1207/ s15327868ms0304_1
  • Kline , R. B. 2005 . Principles and practice of structural equation modeling , 2nd ed. , New York , NY : Guilford .
  • Kövecses , Z. 2000 . Metaphor and emotion. , New York , NY : Cambridge University Press .
  • Kret , M. E. , Sinke , C. A. and de Gelder , B. 2011 . “ Emotion perception and health ” . In Emotion regulation and well-being , Edited by: Nykliček , I. , Vingerhoets , A. , Zeelenberg , M. , Nykliček , I. , Vingerhoets , A. and Zeelenberg , M. 261 – 280 . New York , NY : Springer Science + Business Media . doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6953–8_16
  • Lakoff , G. and Johnson , M. 1980 . Metaphors we live by , Chicago , IL : University of Chicago Press .
  • Lane , R. D. , Quinlan , D. M. , Schwartz , G. E. , Walker , P. A. and Zeitlan , S. B. 1990 . The Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale: A cognitive-developmental measure of emotion . Journal of Personality Assessment , 55 : 124 – 134 . doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa5501&2_12
  • Leaf , D. E. and Barchard , K. A. 2010a . Program for Open-Ended Scoring [POES] version 1.4.1 89154 – 5030 . Las Vegas , NV Available from Kimberly A. Barchard, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway [email protected]
  • Leaf , D. E. and Barchard , K. A. 2010b . User manual for POES version 1.4.1 and WinPOES version 1.2.0 89154 – 5030 . Las Vegas , NV (Program manual version 20) Available from Kimberly A. Barchard, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway [email protected]
  • Little , T. D. , Cunningham , W. A. , Shahar , G. and Widaman , K. F. 2002 . To parcel or not to parcel: Exploring the question, weighing the merits . Structural Equation Modeling , 9 : 151 – 173 . doi: 10.1207/S15328007SEM0902_1
  • Lopes , P. N. , Côté , S. , Grewal , D. , Salovey , P. , Kadis , J. and Gall , M. 2006 . Evidence that emotional intelligence is related to job performance, interpersonal facilitation, affect and attitudes at work, and leadership potential . Psicothema , 18 : 132 – 138 .
  • Lopes , P. N. , Salovey , P. and Straus , R. 2003 . Emotional intelligence, personality, and the perceived quality of social relationships . Personality & Individual Differences , 35 : 641 – 658 . doi: 10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00242-8
  • MacCann , C. and Roberts , R. D. 2008 . New paradigms for assessing emotional intelligence: Theory and data . Emotion , 8 : 540 – 551 . doi: 10.1037/a0012746
  • Márquez , P. , Martín , R. and Brackett , M. A. 2006 . Relating emotional intelligence to social competence and academic achievement in high school students . Psicothema , 18 : 118 – 123 .
  • Matsumoto , D. , LeRoux , J. , Wilson-Cohn , C. , Raroque , J. , Kooken , K. , Ekman , P. and … Goh , A. 2000 . A new test to measure emotion recognition ability: Matsumoto and Ekman's Japanese and Caucasian Brief Affect Recognition Test (JACBART) . Journal of Nonverbal Behavior , 24 : 179 – 209 . doi: 10.1023/A:1006668120583
  • Mayer , J. D. , Caruso , D. R. and Salovey , P. 2000 . Emotional intelligence meets traditional standards for an intelligence . Intelligence , 27 : 267 – 298 . doi: 10.1016/S0160-2896(99)00016-1
  • Mayer , J. D. , DiPaulo , M. and Salovey , P. 1990 . Perceiving affective content in ambiguous visual stimuli: A component of emotional intelligence . Journal of Personality Assessment , 54 : 772 – 781 . doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa5403&4_29
  • Mayer , J. D. and Geher , G. 1996 . Emotional intelligence and the identification of emotion . Intelligence, , 22 : 89 – 113 . doi: 10.1016/S0160-2896(96)90011-2
  • Mayer , J. D. , Salovey , P. and Caruso , D. R. 2002a . Mayer–Salovey–Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) item booklet , Toronto, ON , , Canada : Multi-Health Systems .
  • Mayer , J. D. , Salovey , P. and Caruso , D. R. 2002b . Mayer–Salovey–Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) user's manual , Toronto, ON , , Canada : Multi-Health Systems .
  • Mayer , J. D. , Salovey , P. and Caruso , D. R. 2004 . Emotional intelligence: Theory, findings, and implications . Psychological Inquiry , 15 : 197 – 215 . doi: 10.1207/s15327965pli1503_02
  • Mayer , J. D. , Salovey , P. , Caruso , D. R. and Sitarenios , G. 2001 . Emotional intelligence as a standard intelligence . Emotion , 1 : 232 – 242 . doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.1.3.232
  • Mayer , J. D. , Salovey , P. , Caruso , D. R. and Sitarenios , G. 2003 . Measuring emotional intelligence with the MSCEIT V2.0 . Emotion , 3 : 97 – 105 . doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.3.1.97
  • Mehrabian , A. 1996 . Manual for the Balanced Emotional Empathy Scale (BEES) Monterey , CA Available from Albert Mehrabian, 1130 Alta Mesa Road 93940
  • Nowicki , S. Jr. and Duke , M. P. 1994 . Individual differences in the nonverbal communication of affect: The Diagnostic Analysis of Nonverbal Accuracy Scale . Journal of Nonverbal Behavior , 18 : 9 – 35 . doi: 10.1007/BF02169077
  • O’Connor , B. P. 2000 . SPSS and SAS programs for determining the number of components using parallel analysis and Velicer's MAP test . Behavior Research Methods, Instrumentation, and Computers , 32 : 396 – 402 . doi: 10.3758/BF03200807
  • O’Sullivan , M. and Guilford , J. P. 1976 . Four factor tests of social intelligence (behavioral cognition): Manual of instructions and interpretations , Orange , CA : Sheridan Psychological Services .
  • Pérez , J. C. , Petrides , K. V. and Furnham , A. 2005 . “ Measuring trait emotional intelligence ” . In Emotional intelligence: An international handbook , Edited by: Schulze , R. and Roberts , R. D. 181 – 201 . Cambridge , MA : Hogrefe & Huber .
  • Pitterman , H. and Nowicki , S. 2004 . A test of the ability to identify emotion in human standing and sitting postures: The Diagnostic Analysis of Nonverbal Accuracy–2 Posture Test (DANVA2–POS) . Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs , 130 : 146 – 162 . doi: 10.3200/MON0.130.2.146-162
  • Rosenthal , R. , Hall , J. A. , DiMatteo , M. R. , Rogers , P. L. and Archer , D. 1979 . Sensitivity to nonverbal communication: The PONS test , Baltimore , MD : Johns Hopkins University Press .
  • Rossen , E. and Kranzler , J. H. 2009 . Incremental validity of the Mayer–Salovey–Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test Version 2.0 (MSCEIT) after controlling for personality and intelligence . Journal of Research in Personality , 43 : 60 – 65 . doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2008.12.002
  • Sapnas , K. G. and Zeller , R. A. 2002 . Minimizing sample size when using exploratory factor analysis for measurement . Journal of Nursing Measurement , 10 : 135 – 153 . doi: 10.1891/jnum.10.2.135.52552
  • Searle , J. 1979 . “ Metaphor ” . In Metaphor and thought , Edited by: Ortony , A. 92 – 123 . New York , NY : Cambridge University Press .
  • Steiger , J. H. and Lind , J. C. 1980, May . Statistically based tests for the number of common factors Iowa City , IA Paper presented at the meeting of the Psychometric Society
  • Tabachnick , B. G. and Fidell , L. S. 2007 . Using multivariate statistics , 5th ed. , Boston , MA : Allyn & Bacon .
  • Timmerman , M. E. and Lorenzo-Seva , U. 2011 . Dimensionality assessment of ordered polytomous items with parallel analysis . Psychological Methods , 16 : 209 – 220 . doi: 10.1037/a0023353
  • Trimboli , A. and Walker , M. 1993 . The CAST test of nonverbal sensitivity . Journal of Language and Social Psychology , 12 : 49 – 65 . doi: 10.1177/ 0261927×93121004
  • Waggoner , J. E. , Palermo , D. S. and Kirsh , S. J. 1997 . Bouncing bubbles can pop: Contextual sensitivity in children's metaphor comprehension . Metaphor and Symbolism , 12 : 217 – 229 . doi: 10.1207/s15327868ms1204_1
  • Whittaker , J. F. , Deakin , J. W. and Tomenson , B. B. 2001 . Face processing in schizophrenia: Defining the deficit . Psychological Medicine: A Journal of Research in Psychiatry and the Allied Sciences , 31 : 499 – 507 . doi: 10.1017/S0033291701003701
  • Zwick , W. R. and Velicer , W. F. 1986 . Comparison of five rules for determining the number of components to retain . Psychological Bulletin , 99 : 432 – 442 . doi: 10.1037//0033-2909.99.3.432

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.