References
- Asparouhov, T. (2005). Sampling weights in latent variable modeling. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 12(3), 411–434. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1207/s15328007sem1203_4
- Bardeen, J. R., & Fergus, T. A. (2014). An examination of the incremental contribution of emotion regulation difficulties to health anxiety beyond specific emotion regulation strategies. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 28(4), 394–401. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.03.002
- Bardeen, J. R., & Fergus, T. A. (2018). Executive control deficits potentiate the effect of maladaptive metacognitive beliefs on posttraumatic stress symptoms. Frontiers in Psychology, 9(1898), 1–9.
- Barkley, R. A. (2011). Barkley deficits in executive functioning scale (BDEFS). Guilford.
- Barkley, R. A., & Fischer, M. (2011). Predicting impairment in major life activities and occupational functioning in hyperactive children as adults: Self-reported executive function (EF) deficits versus EF tests. Developmental Neuropsychology, 36(2), 137–161. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/87565641.2010.549877
- Barkley, R. A., & Murphy, K. R. (2010). Impairment in occupational functioning and adult ADHD: The predictive utility of executive functioning (EF) ratings versus EF tests. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology: The Official Journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists, 25(3), 157–173. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acq014
- Barkley, R. A., & Murphy, K. R. (2011). The nature of executive function (EF) deficits in daily life activities in adults with ADHD and their relationship to performance on EF tests. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 33(2), 137–158. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-011-9217-x
- Behrend, T. S., Sharek, D. J., Meade, A. W., & Wiebe, E. N. (2011). The viability of crowdsourcing for survey research. Behavior Research Methods, 43(3), 800–813.
- Bender, S. L., & Privitera, G. J. (2016). The influence of feedback of diagnosis and executive function skills on rates of false positive and false negative outcomes for ADHD. Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties, 21(2), 181–189. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13632752.2015.1054673
- Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107(2), 238–246. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238
- Biederman, J., Petty, C., Fried, R., Fontanella, J., Doyle, A. E., Seidman, L. J., & Faraone, S. V. (2006). Impact of psychometrically defined deficits of executive functioning in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 163(10), 1730–1738. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.2006.163.10.1730
- Bonifay, W., & Cai, L. (2017). On the complexity of item response theory models. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 52(4), 465–484.
- Bonifay, W., Lane, S. P., & Reise, S. P. (2017). Three concerns with applying a bifactor model as a structure of psychopathology. Clinical Psychological Science, 5(1), 184–186. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702616657069
- Brown, T. A. (2015). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.
- Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sage Rocus Editions, 154, 136–136.
- Buchanan, T. (2016). Self-report measures of executive function problems correlate with personality, not performance-based executive function measures, in nonclinical samples. Psychological Assessment, 28(4), 372–349. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000192
- Buhrmester, M., Kwang, T., & Gosling, S. D. (2011). Amazon's Mechanical Turk: A new source of inexpensive, yet high-quality, data? Perspectives on Psychological Science: A Journal of the Association for Psychological Science, 6(1), 3–5.
- Burgess, P. W., Alderman, N., Evans, J., Emslie, H., & Wilson, B. (1998). The ecological validity of tests of executive function. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 4(6), 547–558. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617798466037
- Chandler, J., & Shapiro, D. (2016). Conducting clinical research using crowdsourced convenience samples. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 12, 53–81. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-021815-093623
- Chen, F. F., West, S. G., & Sousa, K. H. (2006). A comparison of bifactor and second-order models of quality of life. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 41(2), 189–225. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr4102_5
- Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 9(2), 233–255. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1207/S15328007SEM0902_5
- Clauss, K., & Bardeen, J. R. (2020). Addressing psychometric limitations of the attentional control scale via bifactor modeling and item modification. Journal of Personality Assessment, 102(3), 415–427. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2018.1521417
- Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112(1), 155–159. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.155
- Derryberry, D., & Reed, M. A. (2002). Anxiety-related attentional biases and their regulation by attentional control. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111(2), 225–236.
- Dueber, D. M. (2016). Bifactor Indices Calculator: A Microsoft Excel-based tool to calculate various indices relevant to bifactor CFA models. Available at http://sites.education.uky.edu/apslab/resources
- Etnier, J. L., & Chang, K. (2009). The effect of physical activity on executive function: A brief commentary on definitions, measurement issues, and the current state of the literature. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 31(4), 469–483.
- Feldman, G., Knouse, L. E., & Robinson, A. (2013). Executive Functioning Difficulties and Depression Symptoms: Multidimensional Assessment, Incremental Validity, and Prospective Associations. Journal of Cognitive & Behavioral Psychotherapies, 13, 259–274.
- Franklin, P., Tsujimoto, K. C., Lewis, M. E., Tekok-Kilic, A., & Frijters, J. C. (2018). Sex differences in self-regulatory executive functions are amplified by trait anxiety: the case of students at risk for academic failure. Personality and Individual Differences, 129, 131–137. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.03.019
- Gorsuch, R. L. (1983). Factor Analysis. (2nd ed.) Lawrence Erlbaum.
- Gross, J. J. (1998). The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Review of General Psychology, 2(3), 271–299. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.271
- Han, G., Helm, J., Iucha, C., Zahn-Waxler, C., Hastings, P. D., & Klimes-Dougan, B. (2016). Are executive functioning deficits concurrently and predictively associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms in adolescents? Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology: The Official Journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53, 45(1), 44–58. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2015.1041592
- Hancock, G. R., & Mueller, R. O. (2001). Rethinking construct reliability within latent variable systems. In R. Cudeck, S. Du Toit, & D. Sorbom (Eds.), Structural Equation Modeling: Present and Future. (pp. 195–216). Scientific Software International.
- Heaton, R. K. (1981). A manual for the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Psychological Assessment Resources.
- Jarrett, M. A. (2016). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and executive functioning in emerging adults. Psychological Assessment, 28(2), 245–250. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000190
- Judah, M. R., Grant, D. M., Mills, A. C., & Lechner, W. V. (2014). Factor structure and validation of the attentional control scale. Cognition & Emotion, 28(3), 433–451. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2013.835254
- Kamradt, J. M., Nikolas, M. A., Burns, G. L., Garner, A. A., Jarrett, M. A., Luebbe, A. M., & Becker, S. P. (2019). Barkley deficits in executive functioning scale (BDEFS): Validation in a large multisite college sample. Assessment, 107319111986982–107319111986913. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191119869823
- Kline, R. B. (2016). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. (4th ed.). Guildford Press.
- Knouse, L. E., Barkley, R. A., & Murphy, K. R. (2013). Does executive functioning (EF) predict depression in clinic-referred adults? EF tests vs. rating scales. Journal of Affective Disorders, 145(2), 270–275. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2012.05.064
- McTeague, L. M., Goodkind, M. S., & Etkin, A. (2016). Transdiagnostic impairment of cognitive control in mental illness. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 83, 37–46. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.08.001
- Meyers, L. S., Gamst, G., & Guarino, A. J. (2006). Applied multivariate research: Design and interpretation. Sage.
- Muthén, B., Kaplan, D., & Hollis, M. (1987). On structural equation modeling with data that are not missing completely at random. Psychometrika, 52(3), 431–462. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02294365
- Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2015). Mplus (Version 7.4). Muthén & Muthén.
- O’Bryan, E. M., Kraemer, K. M., Johnson, A. L., McLeish, A. C., & McLaughlin, L. E. (2017). Examining the role of attentional control in terms of specific emotion regulation difficulties. Personality and Individual Differences, 108, 158–163. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.12.015
- Ogilvie, J. M., Stewart, A. L., Chan, R. C. K., & Shum, D. H. K. (2011). Neuropsychological measures of executive function and antisocial behavior: A meta-analysis. Criminology, 49(4), 1063–1107. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2011.00252.x
- Paolacci, G., & Chandler, J. (2014). Inside the Turk: Understanding Mechanical Turk as a participant pool. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23(3), 184–188. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721414531598
- Peer, E., Vosgerau, J., & Acquisti, A. (2014). Reputation as a sufficient condition for data quality on Amazon Mechanical Turk. Behavior Research Methods, 46(4), 1023–1031. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-013-0434-y
- Pilowsky, I. (1967). Dimensions of hypochondriasis. The British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science, 113(494), 89–93. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.113.494.89
- Puente, A. N., & Mitchell, J. T. (2016). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for adult ADHD: A case study of multi-method assessment of executive functioning in clinical practice and manualized treatment adaptation. Clinical Case Studies, 15(3), 198–211. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1534650115614098
- Reise, S. P. (2012). Invited Paper: The Rediscovery of Bifactor Measurement Models. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 47(5), 667–696. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2012.715555
- Reise, S. P., Bonifay, W. E., & Haviland, M. G. (2013). Scoring and modeling psychological measures in the presence of multidimensionality. Journal of Personality Assessment, 95(2), 129–140. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2012.725437
- Reise, S. P., Kim, D. S., Mansolf, M., & Widaman, K. F. (2016). Is the bifactor model a better model or is it just better at modeling implausible responses? Application of iterativity reweighted least squares to the the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 52(6), 818–838.
- Rodriguez, A., Reise, S. P., & Haviland, M. G. (2016). Evaluating bifactor models: Calculating and interpreting statistical indices. Psychological Methods, 21(2), 137–150. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000045
- Satorra, A., & Bentler, P. M. (2001). A scaled difference chi-square test statistic for moment structure analysis. Psychometrika, 66(4), 507–514. [Database] https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02296192
- Shapiro, D. N., Chandler, J., & Mueller, P. A. (2013). Using Mechanical Turk to study clinical populations. Clinical Psychological Science, 1(2), 213–220. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702612469015
- Snyder, H. R., Miyake, A., & Hankin, B. L. (2015). Advancing understanding of executive function impairments and psychopathology: Bridging the gap between clinical and cognitive approaches. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 328 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00328
- Somma, A., Marelli, S., Barranca, M., Gialdi, G., Lucini, C., Castelnuovo, A., … Fossati, A. (2020). Executive functioning and personality traits in insomnia disorder: A preliminary report on the clinical importance of objective and subjective reduction of total sleep time. Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 8, 1–26.
- Spruijt, A. M., Dekker, M. C., Ziermans, T. B., & Swaab, H. (2018). Attentional control and executive functioning in school-aged children: Linking self-regulation and parenting strategies. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 166, 340–359. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2017.09.004
- Stucky, B. D., & Edelen, M. O. (2015). Using hierarchical IRT to create unidimensional measures from multidimensional data. In S. P. Reise & D. A. Revicki (Eds.), Handbook of item response theory modeling: Applications to typical performance assessment. (pp. 183–206). Routledge.
- Suchy, Y. (2009). Executive functioning: Overview, assessment, and research issues for non-neuropsychologists. Annals of Behavioral Medicine: A Publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine, 37(2), 106–116. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-009-9097-4
- Unoka, Z., & Richman, M. J. (2016). Neuropsychological deficits in BPD patients and the moderator effects of co-occuring mental disorders: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 44, 1–12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2015.11.009
- Ursache, A., & Raver, C. C. (2014). Trait and state anxiety: Relations to executive functioning in an at-risk sample. Cognition and Emotion, 28(5), 845–855. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2013.855173
- Visu-Petra, L., Miclea, M., & Visu-Petra, G. (2013). Individual differences in anxiety and executive functioning: A multidimensional view. International Journal of Psychology, 48(4), 649–659. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00207594.2012.656132
- Wang, M., & Russell, S. S. (2005). Measurement equivalence of the Job Descriptive Index across Chinese and American workers: Results from confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 65(4), 709–732. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164404272494
- Welch, P. G., Carleton, R. N., & Asmundson, G. J. (2009). Measuring health anxiety: Moving past the dichotomous response option of the original Whiteley Index. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23(7), 1002–1007. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.05.006
- Yung, Y. F., Thissen, D., & McLeod, L. D. (1999). On the relationship between the higher-order factor model and the hierarchical factor model. Psychometrika, 64(2), 113–128. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02294531