References
- Achenbach, T. M. (1991). Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist/4-18 and 1991 profile. University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry.
- Ackerman, M. J., Bow, J. N., & Mathy, N. (2021). Child custody evaluation practices: Where we were, where we are, and where we are going. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 52(4), 406–417. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/pro0000380
- Ackerman, M. J., Kane, A., & Gould, J. W. (2019). Psychological experts in divorce actions (7th ed.). Aspen.
- Ackerman, M. J., & Pritzl, T. B. (2011). Child custody evaluation practices: A 20-year follow-up. Family Court Review, 49(3), 618–628. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-1617.2011.01397.x
- Adkisson, R., Burdsal, C., Dorr, D., & Morgan, C. D. (2012). Factor structure of the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory scales in psychiatric inpatients. Personality and Individual Differences, 53(4), 501–506. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.04.007
- Aguerrevere, L. E., Greve, K. W., Bianchini, K. J., & Ord, J. S. (2011). Classification accuracy of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III modifier indices in the detection of malingering in traumatic brain injury. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 33(5), 497–504. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2010.535503
- Ahlmeyer, S., Kleinsasser, D., Stoner, J., & Retzlaff, P. (2003). Psychopathology of incarcerated sex offenders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 17(4), 306–318. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.17.4.306.23969
- American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Association.
- American Psychological Association. (2013). Specialty guidelines for forensic psychology. American Psychologist, 68(1), 7–19. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029889
- Archer, R. P., Buffington-Vollum, J. K., Stredny, R. V., & Handel, R. W. (2006). A survey of psychological test use patterns among forensic psychologists. Journal of Personality Assessment, 87(1), 84–94. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa8701_07
- Archer, R. P., Handel, R. W., Ben-Porath, Y. S., & Tellegen, A. (2016). Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent-Restructured form: Administration, scoring, interpretation, and technical manual. University of Minnesota Press.
- Bartol, C. R., & Bartol, A. M. (Eds.). (2006). Current perspectives in forensic psychology and criminal justice. Sage Publications, Inc.
- Baum, L. J., Archer, R. P., Forbey, J. D., & Handel, R. W. (2009). A review of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent (MMPI-A) and the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory (MACI) with an emphasis on juvenile justice samples. Assessment, 16(4), 384–400. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191109338264
- Beck, A., Beck, J., Jolly, J., & Steer, R. (2005). Beck youth inventories (2nd ed.). NCS Pearson, Inc.
- Ben-Porath, Y.S., & Tellegen, A. (2008). MMPI-2-RF: Manual for Administration, Scoring, and Interpretation. University of Minnesota Press.
- Bernstein, D. E., & Lasker, E. G. (2015). Defending daubert: It's time to amend federal rule of evidence 702. William & Mary Law Review, 57, 1.
- Blood, L. (2008). The use of the MCMI-III in completing parenting capacity assessments. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice, 8(1), 24–38. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/15228930801947286
- Boccaccini, M. T., & Hart, J. R. (2018). Response style on the Personality Assessment Inventory and other multiscale inventories. In R. Rogers & S. Bender (Eds.), Clinical assessment of malingering and deception (4th ed., pp. 280–300). Guilford Press.
- Borum, R., & Grisso, T. (1995). Psychological test use in criminal forensic evaluations. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 26(5), 465–473. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.26.5.465
- Bow, J., Flens, J. R., & Gould, J. W. (2010). MMPI-2 and MCMI-III in forensic evaluations: A survey of psychologists. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice, 10(1), 37–52. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/15228930903173021
- Bow, J. N., Flens, J. R., Gould, J. W., & Greenhut, D. (2006). An analysis of administration, scoring, and interpretation of the MMPI-2 and MCMI-II/III in child custody evaluations. Journal of Child Custody, 2(4), 1–22. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1300/J190v02n04_01
- Bow, J. N., Gould, J. W., Flens, J. R., & Greenhut, D. (2006). Testing in child custody evaluations: Selection, usage, and Daubert admissibility. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice, 6(2), 17–38. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1300/J158v06n02_02
- Calhoun, M. C. (2008). Scientific evidence in court: Daubert or Frye, 15 years later. Legal Backgrounder, 23(37), 1–4.
- Craig, R. J. (1999). Testimony based on the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory: Review, commentary, and guidelines. Journal of Personality Assessment, 73(2), 290–304. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327752JPA7302_7
- Craig, R. J. (2013). The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III: Use in forensic settings. In R. P. Archer & E. M. A. Wheeler (Eds.), Forensic uses of clinical assessment instruments (pp. 175–201). Taylor & Francis Group.
- Craig, R. J. (Ed.). (2005). New directions in interpreting the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III. Wiley.
- Daubert, S. D., & Metzler, A. E. (2000). The detection of fake-bad and fake-good responding on the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III. Psychological Assessment, 12(4), 418–424. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.12.4.418
- Daubert, v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc., 509 U.S. 579, 113 S. Ct. 2786 (1993).
- DeMatteo, D., Fishel, S., & Tansey, A. (2019). Expert evidence: The (unfulfilled) promise of Daubert. Psychological Science in the Public Interest: A Journal of the American Psychological Society, 20(3), 129–134. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100619894336
- Derogatis, L. R. (1993). BSI Brief Symptom Inventory. Administration, Scoring, and Procedures Manual (4th Ed.). Minneapolis, MN: National Computer Systems.
- Dozois, D. J., & Kelln, B. R. (1999). Factor-analysis of the MCMI-III on an offender population. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 29(1–2), 77–87. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1300/J076v29n01_06
- Dyer, F. J., & McCann, J. T. (2000). The Millon clinical inventories, research critical of their forensic application, and Daubert criteria. Law and Human Behavior, 24(4), 487–497. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005500615111
- Eastin, S. M. R., Brandwein, D., R. Marks, D., Safran, R., & Giordano, K. (2021). The MCMI-IV: A new normal quartet for parental fitness litigants. Journal of Personality Assessment. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2021.1912058
- Flens, J. R. (2005). The responsible use of psychological testing in child custody evaluations: Selection of tests. Journal of Child Custody, 2(1–2), 3–29. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1300/J190v02n01_02
- Gatowski, S. I., Dobbin, S. A., Richardson, J. T., Ginsburg, G. P., Merlino, M. L., & Dahir, V. (2001). Asking the gatekeepers: A national survey of judges on judging expert evidence in a post-Daubert world. Law and Human Behavior, 25(5), 433–458. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012899030937
- Gould, J. W. (2006). Conducting scientifically crafted child custody evaluations (2nd ed.). Professional Resource Press.
- Gould, J. W., Flens, J., & Rappaport, S. (2018). Use of psychological tests in child custody evaluations: Effects of validity scale scores on evaluator confidence in interpreting clinical scales. In R. Rogers & S. D. Bender (Eds.), Clinical assessment of malingering and deception (4th ed., pp. 497–513). Guilford Publishers.
- Gould, J. W., Martindale, D. A., & Flens, J. R. (2009). Responsible use of psychological tests in child custody assessment.” In R. Galatzer-Levy, L. Kraus, & B. Galatzer-Levy (Eds.). Scientific basis of child custody evaluations (2nd ed., pp. 85–124). Wiley.
- Gould, J. W., Martindale, D. A., & Flens, J. R. (2013). Responsible use of psychological tests: Ethical and professional practice concerns. In D. Saklofske, C. Cecil Reynolds, & V. Schwean (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of child psychological assessment (pp. 222–235). Oxford University Press.
- Grilo, C. M., Fehon, D. C., Walker, M., & Martino, S. (1996). A comparison of adolescent inpatients with and without substance abuse using the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 25(3), 379–388. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01537391
- Grossman, S. D. (2015). Millon's evolutionary model of personality assessment: A case for categorical/dimensional prototypes. Journal of Personality Assessment, 97(5), 436–445. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2015.1055751
- Grossman, S. D. (2020). The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-IV (MCMI-IV). In M. Sellbom & J. A. Suhr (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of clinical assessment and diagnosis (pp. 249–262). Cambridge University Press.
- Grossman, S. D., & Amendolace, B. (2017). Essentials of MCMI-IV assessment. John Wiley & Sons.
- Gudjonsson, G. H., & Main, N. (2008). How are personality disorders related to compliance? Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 19(2), 180–190. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14789940701770898
- Halon, R. L. (2001). The Millon Clinical Multiaxal Inventory-III: The normal quartet in child custody cases. American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 19(1), 57–75.
- Hare, R. D. (1991). The hare psychopathy checklist-revised. Multi-Health Systems.
- Hess, A. (1998). Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III. In J. C. Impara & B. S. Plake (Eds.), The thirteenth mental measurements yearbook (pp. 665–667). Buros Institute of Mental Measurements.
- Hill, S. A., Argent, S. E., Lolley, J., & Wallington, F. (2016). Characteristics of male patients admitted to an adolescent secure forensic psychiatric hospital. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 27(1), 21–37. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14789949.2015.1094117
- Hill, S. A., Brodrick, P., Doherty, A., Lolley, J., Wallington, F., & White, O. (2014). Characteristics of female patients admitted to an adolescent secure forensic psychiatric hospital. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 25(5), 503–519. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/14789949.2014.933863
- Hynan, D. J. (2004). Unsupported gender differences on some personality disorder scales of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 35(1), 105–110. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.35.1.105
- Johnson, R., Gilchrist, E., Beech, A. R., Weston, S., Takriti, R., & Freeman, R. (2006). A psychometric typology of UK domestic violence offenders. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 21(10), 1270–1285. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260506291655
- Kelln, B. R., Dozois, D. J., & McKenzie, I. E. (1998). An MCMI-III discriminant function analysis of incarcerated felons: Prediction of subsequent institutional misconduct. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 25(2), 177–189. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854898025002002
- Kennedy, W. A., Licht, M. H., & Caminez, M. (2004). False positives among adolescent sex offenders: Concurrent and predictive validity of the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 39(4), 1–13. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1300/J076v39n04_01
- Kotov, R., Krueger, R. F., Watson, D., Achenbach, T. M., Althoff, R. R., Bagby, R. M., Brown, T. A., Carpenter, W. T., Caspi, A., Clark, L. A., Eaton, N. R., Forbes, M. K., Forbush, K. T., Goldberg, D., Hasin, D., Hyman, S. E., Ivanova, M. Y., Lynam, D. R., Markon, K., … Zimmerman, M. (2017). The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): A dimensional alternative to traditional nosologies. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 126(4), 454–477. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000258
- Lally, S. J. (2003). What tests are acceptable for use in forensic evaluations? A survey of experts. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 34(5), 491–498. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.34.5.491
- Lampel, A. K. (1999). Use of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III in evaluating child custody litigants. American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 17(4), 19–31.
- Lenny, P., & Dear, G. E. (2009). Faking good on the MCMI-III: Implications for child custody evaluations. Journal of Personality Assessment, 91(6), 553–559. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00223890903228505
- Lenzenweger, M. F. (2008). Epidemiology of personality disorders. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 31(3), 395–403.
- Loevinger, J. (1957). Objectives tests as instruments of psychological theory. Psychological Reports, 3(3), 635–694. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1957.3.3.635
- Loper, A. B., Hoffschmidt, S. J., & Ash, E. (2001). Personality features and characteristics of violent events committed by juvenile offenders. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 19(1), 81–96. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/bsl.424
- McCann, J. T. (2006). Measuring adolescent personality and psychopathology with the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory (MACI). In S. N. Sparta & G. P. Koocher (Eds.), Forensic mental health assessment of children and adolescents (pp. 424–439). Oxford University Press.
- McCann, J. T., Flens, J. R., Campagna, V., Collman, P., Lazzaro, T., & Connor, E. (2001). The MCMI-III in child custody evaluations: A normative study. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice, 1(2), 27–44. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1300/J158v01n02_02
- Millon, T. (1969). Modern psychopathology: A biosocial approach to maladaptive learning and functioning. Saunders.
- Millon, T. (1981). Disorders of personality: DSM-III: Axis II. Wiley.
- Millon, T. (1987). Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory, 2nd edition (MCMI-II). National Computer Systems.
- Millon, T. (1990). Toward a new personology: An evolutionary model. Wiley.
- Millon, T. (2011). Disorders of personality: Introducing a DSM/ICD spectrum from normal to abnormal. Wiley.
- Millon, T., Antoni, M., Millon, C., Minor, S., & Grossman, S. (2001). Millon behavioral medicine diagnostic. Pearson.
- Millon, T., & Davis, R. D. (1996). Disorders of personality: DSM-IV and beyond. Wiley.
- Millon, T., Davis, R., & Millon, C. (1993). Millon adolescent clinical inventory. National Computer Systems.
- Millon, T., Davis, R., Millon, C., & Grossman, S. (2009). Millon clinical multiaxial inventory-III, 4th ed. (MCMI-III). Pearson Assessments.
- Millon, T., Grossman, S., & Millon, C. (2015). Millon clinical multiaxial inventory-IV (MCMI-IV). Pearson Assessments.
- Millon, T., Tringone, R., Grossman, S., & Millon, C. (2020). Millon adolescent clinical inventory-II (MACI-II). Pearson Assessments.
- Millon, T., Tringone, R., Millon, C., & Grossman, S. (2005). Millon pre-adolescent clinical inventory manual. Pearson.
- Mullins-Sweatt, S. N., & Widiger, T. A. (2007). Millon's dimensional model of personality disorders: A comparative study. Journal of Personality Disorders, 21(1), 42–57. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.2007.21.1.42
- Murrie, D. C., & Cornell, D. G. (2000). The millon adolescent clinical inventory and psychopathy. Journal of Personality Assessment, 75(1), 110–125. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327752JPA7501_8
- Neal, T. M., & Grisso, T. (2014). Assessment practices and expert judgment methods in forensic psychology and psychiatry: An international snapshot. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 41(12), 1406–1421. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854814548449
- New Zealand Department of Corrections. (2021). Prison facts and statistics – June 2021. https://www.corrections.govt.nz/resources/statistics/quarterly_prison_statistics/prison_stats_june_2021
- Ó Ciardha, C., Alleyne, E. K., Tyler, N., Barnoux, M. F., Mozova, K., & Gannon, T. A. (2015). Examining the psychopathology of incarcerated male firesetters using the millon clinical multiaxial inventory-III. Psychology, Crime & Law, 21(6), 606–616. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2015.1008478
- Oliver, C. J., Beech, A. R., Fisher, D., & Beckett, R. (2007). A comparison of rapists and sexual murderers on demographic and selected psychometric measures. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 51(3), 298–312.
- Piersma, H. L., Ohnishi, H., Lee, D. J., & Metcalfe, W. E. (2002). An empirical evaluation of Millon's dimensional polarities. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 24(3), 151–158. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016006616346
- Price, L. A. (2019). Millon clinical multiaxial inventory-IV (MCMI-IV) profile patterns and scale score correlates for jail inmates referred for mental health services [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Florida Institute of Technology.
- Retzlaff, P. D. (1998). Review of the millon clinical multiaxial inventory-III. In J. C. Impara & B. S. Plake (Eds.), The thirteenth mental measurements yearbook (pp. 667–668). Buros Institute of Mental Measurements.
- Retzlaff, P., Stoner, J., & Kleinsasser, D. (2002). The use of the MCMI-III in the screening and triage of offenders. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 46(3), 319–332. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X02463006
- Reynolds, C. R. (1992). Review of the millon clinical multiaxial inventory-II. In J. J. Kramer & J. C. Conoly (Eds.), The eleventh mental measurements yearbook (pp. 533–534). Buros Institute of Mental Measurements.
- Reynolds, C. R., & Kamphaus, R. W. (2015). Behavior assessment system for children (3rd ed.). NCS Pearson, Inc.
- Rogers, R., Salekin, R. T., & Sewell, K. W. (1999). Validation of the millon clinical multiaxial inventory for axis II disorders: Does it meet the Daubert standard? Law and Human Behavior, 23(4), 425–443. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022360031491
- Rogers, R., Salekin, R. T., & Sewell, K. W. (2000). The MCMI-III and the Daubert standard: Separating rhetoric from reality. Law and Human Behavior, 24(4), 501–506. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005504716020
- Romm, S., Bockian, N., & Harvey, M. (1999). Factor-based prototypes of the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory in adolescents referred for residential treatment. Journal of Personality Assessment, 72(1), 125–143. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa7201_8
- Rossi, G., van der Ark, L. A., & Sloore, H. (2007). Factor analysis of the Dutch-language version of the MCMI-III. Journal of Personality Assessment, 88(2), 144–157. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00223890701267977
- Salekin, R. T., Ziegler, T. A., Larrea, M. A., Anthony, V. L., & Bennett, A. D. (2003). Predicting dangerousness with two millon adolescent clinical inventory psychopathy scales: The importance of egocentric and callous traits. Journal of Personality Assessment, 80(2), 154–163. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327752JPA8002_04
- Schoenberg, M. R., Dorr, D., & Morgan, C. D. (2003). The ability of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory–Third Edition to detect malingering. Psychological Assessment, 15(2), 198–204. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.15.2.198
- Schwartz, J. P., Buboltz, W. C., Seemann, E., & Flye, A. (2004). Personality styles: Predictors of masculine gender role conflict in male prison inmates. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 5(1), 59–64. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/1524-9220.5.1.59
- Sellbom, M., & Bagby, R. M. (2008). Response styles on multiscale inventories. In R. Rogers (Ed.), Clinical assessment of malingering and deception (3rd ed., pp. 182–206). Guilford Press.
- Sellbom, M., & Wygant, D.B. (2018). Forensic Applications of the MMPI-2-RF. University of Minnesota Press.
- Semel, R. (2015). Limitations of extending juvenile psychopathy research assessment tools and methods to forensic settings. Journal of Psychology & Clinical Psychiatry, 4(1), 00180. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15406/jpcpy.2015.04.00180
- Stredny, R. V., Archer, R. P., & Mason, J. A. (2006). MMPI-2 and MCMI-III characteristics of parental competency examinees. Journal of Personality Assessment, 87(1), 113–115. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa8701_10
- Taylor, J., Kemper, T. S., Loney, B. R., & Kistner, J. A. (2009). Recidivism in subgroups of severe male juvenile offenders. Psychology, Crime, & Law, 15(5), 395–408. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10683160802275805
- Thomason, L. (2018). Childhood Verbal Abuse and its Psychological Effects on Adults [Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection]. Walden University.
- van Es, R. M. S., Kunst, M. J. J., & De Keijser, J. W. (2020). Forensic mental health expert testimony and judicial decision-making: A systematic literature review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 51, 101387. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2020.101387
- White, R. J., Ackerman, R. J., & Caraveo, L. E. (2001). Self-identified alcohol abusers in a low-security federal prison: Characteristics and treatment implications. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 45(2), 214–227. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X01452007
- Wilson, N. J. (2004). New Zealand high-risk offenders: Who are they and what are the issues in their management and treatment? Department of Corrections.
- Woodland, M. H., Andretta, J. R., Moore, J. A., Bennett, M. T., Worrell, F. C., & Barnes, M. E. (2014). MACI scores of African American males in a forensic setting: Are we measuring what we think we are measuring. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice, 14(5), 418–437. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/15228932.2014.973773
- Wright, C. V., Beattie, S. G., Galper, D. I., Church, A. S., Bufka, L. F., Brabender, V. M., & Smith, B. L. (2017). Assessment practices of professional psychologists: Results of a national survey. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 48(2), 73–78. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/pro0000086